An inspirational story about mathematicians: blind mathematician Euler
Euler's amazing achievements are not accidental. He can work in any harsh environment, often holding his children on his knees to finish his papers, regardless of the noise of older children. At the age of 28, Euler was unfortunately blind in one eye. Thirty years later, his other eye was also blind. He never stopped studying mathematics after he became blind. He continued to work with amazing perseverance and perseverance. During the seventeen years from blindness to his death, he also wrote several books and published about 400 papers orally. It is very difficult to publish the complete works of Euler because there are many works. The Swiss Society of Natural Sciences began to sort out and publish them in 1909, and it has not been completed until now. The plan is 72 volumes.
Among his 886 works, 530 are books and papers published before his death, many of which are textbooks. His writing is fluent, simple, easy to understand, and fascinating after reading, which makes readers admire him. It is particularly worth mentioning that the textbook of plane triangle written by him uses symbols such as sinx, cosx, …… and so on, which are still in use today.
Euler entered university of basel in the autumn of 1720. Because of his extraordinary diligence and intelligence, johann bernoulli tasted his sweetness and gave him special guidance. Euler worked hard and became close friends with John's two sons, Nicholas Bo and daniel bernoulli.
Euler wrote a paper on masts at the age of 19, and won an award from the Paris Academy of Sciences, from which he began his creative career. I won many awards in succession. 1725, the Daniel brothers went to Russia and recommended Euler to czar Cadling I, so Euler arrived in Petersburg on 17 in May, and Daniel returned to Basel on 1733. Euler succeeded him as a professor of mathematics at the Academy of Sciences in Petersburg at the age of 26.
1735, Euler solved a difficult problem in astronomy (calculating the orbit of a comet).
It took several famous mathematicians months to solve this problem, but Euler invented it in three days. But overwork made him suffer from eye diseases, and unfortunately he was blind in his right eye. At this time, he was only 28 years old.
An inspirational story about mathematicians: ohm and ohm's law
Georg simon ohm was born in Herungen City. His father is a locksmith. My father taught himself the knowledge of mathematics and physics, and taught Ohm in his teens, which aroused Ohm's interest in science. /kloc-At the age of 0/6, he entered He Run University to study mathematics, physics and philosophy. Dropped out of school due to financial difficulties, and did not finish his doctoral studies until 18 13. Ohm is a man with great talent and scientific ambition. He has been a middle school teacher for a long time. Due to the lack of information and instruments, his research work has brought many difficulties. But he has been persistently conducting scientific research and making his own instruments in a lonely and hard environment.
Ohm studied the current in the wire. He was inspired by the law of heat conduction discovered by Fourier, and the heat flow between two points in a heat conducting rod is directly proportional to the temperature difference between the two points. So Ohm thinks that the current phenomenon is similar to this, and guesses that the current between two points in the wire may be proportional to some driving force between them, which is now called electromotive force. Ohm spent a lot of energy on this research. At first, he used voltaic pile as power supply, but the effect was not good because of the unstable current. Later, he accepted the advice of others and used thermoelectric battery as power supply, thus ensuring the stability of current. But how to measure the current was still an unsolved problem at that time. At first, ohm used the thermal effect of current to measure the current by expanding with heat and contracting with cold, but it is difficult to get accurate results by this method. Later, he combined the current magnetic effect discovered by Oster with Coulomb torsion balance, and skillfully designed a current torsion balance, in which a twisted wire was used to hang a magnetic needle, so that the electrified wire and the magnetic needle were placed in parallel along the meridian direction. Then a bismuth-copper thermoelectric battery is used, one end of which is immersed in boiling water and the other end is immersed in crushed ice. Two mercury tanks are used as electrodes and connected by copper wires. When the current passes through the wire, the deflection angle of the magnetic needle is proportional to the current in the wire. He published the experimental results in 1826. 1827, Ohm summed up his experimental laws into the following formula in the book Mathematical Research of Circuits: S = γ E, where s stands for current; E stands for electrodynamic force, that is, the potential difference between the two ends of the wire, γ is the conductivity of the wire to the current, and its reciprocal is the resistance.
In the early days of the discovery of Ohm's Law, many physicists could not correctly understand and evaluate this discovery, and were doubted and sharply criticized. The research results were ignored and the economy was extremely difficult, which made Ohm depressed. It was not until 184 1 the Royal Society awarded him the highest honor-the copley Gold Medal, that it attracted the attention of the German scientific community.
Ohm also proved in many of his works that resistance is directly proportional to the length of the conductor and inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area and conductivity of the conductor; In the case of constant current, the charge moves not only on the surface of the conductor, but also on the whole cross section of the conductor.
In memory of him, people named ohm's surname as the physical unit for measuring resistance.
An inspirational story about mathematicians: mathematician Chen Jingrun.
Chen Jingrun is an internationally renowned mathematician who is deeply respected by people. However, instead of being complacent, he attributed all the credit to the motherland and the people. In order to safeguard the interests of the motherland, he did not hesitate to sacrifice his personal fame and fortune.
1977 One day, Chen Jingrun received a letter from the president of the International Federation of Mathematicians, inviting him to attend the International Congress of Mathematicians. There are 3000 people present at this meeting, all of whom are world-famous mathematicians. A total of 65,438+00 mathematicians were assigned to give academic reports, and Chen Jingrun was one of them. This is a great honor for a mathematician and is of great benefit to enhancing Chen Jingrun's international reputation.
Chen Jingrun didn't make a good claim, but immediately reported to the party branch of the institute and asked the party for instructions. The Party branch reported this situation to the Academy of Sciences. The Party organization of the Academy of Sciences was cautious about this issue, because China's seat in the International Federation of Mathematicians had been occupied by Taiwan Province Province.
The leader of the hospital replied: "You are a mathematician, and the party organization respects your personal opinion. You can write back to him yourself. "
After careful consideration, Chen Jingrun finally decided to give up this rare opportunity. In his reply to the president of the International Federation of Mathematicians, he wrote: "First, China has always attached importance to developing academic exchanges and friendly relations with countries around the world. I personally thank the President of the International Federation of Mathematicians for his invitation. Second, there is only one China in the world, the only one that can represent the interests of the broad masses of people in China is People's Republic of China (PRC), and Taiwan Province Province is an inalienable part of People's Republic of China (PRC). I can't attend because Taiwan Province Province currently occupies the seat of the International Federation of Mathematicians in China. Third, if China has only one representative, I can consider attending this meeting. " In order to safeguard the dignity of the motherland, Chen Jingrun sacrificed his personal interests.
From 65438 to 0979, Chen Jingrun went to the United States for a short-term research visit at the invitation of Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies. The conditions at Princeton College are very good. In order to make full use of such good conditions, Chen Jingrun squeezed out all the time he could save, worked hard and didn't even go back to his place to eat lunch. Sometimes he goes out for a meeting and the hotel is noisy, so he hides in the bathroom to continue his research work. Because of his efforts, during his short five months in the United States, he not only attended meetings and lectures, but also finished the paper "The Minimum Prime Number in arithmetic progression", which pushed the minimum prime number from 80 to 16 at once. This research result was also the most advanced in the world at that time.
In a relatively developed country like the United States, Chen Jingrun still maintains a frugal style at home. He can get 2000 yuan from the institute a month, which can be said to be quite rich. Every noon, he never goes to the institute canteen for dinner. It's exquisite, and he can enjoy it completely, but he always eats the dry food and fruit he brings. He was so frugal that he lived in the United States for five months. Excluding rent, utilities and $65,438+0,800, he only spent $700 on meals. When he came back, he always had $7,500.
The money was not a small sum at that time. He could have bought some high-end home appliances from abroad like others. But he gave all his money to the country. What does he think? In his own words: "Our country is not rich yet, so I can't just think about pleasure."
Chen Jingrun is such a very modest and upright person. Although he has made a name for himself, he is not complacent. He said: "I just climbed a hill on the road of science and haven't climbed the real peak yet." I have to keep working hard. "
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