(1) This article is selected from Zhu Yuanzhang's Gong Ji, written by Zhou Dunyi, whose real name is Mao Shu, and internationally known as "Mr. Lianxi", a philosopher and philosopher in the Northern Song Dynasty. Posthumous title's "Yuan Gong" includes Taiji Tushuo, Shu Tong and Zhu Yuanzhang Gong Ji. Ailian's Theory is a famous article, in which he uses a symbol to express his ambition. He is recognized as an important founder of Neo-Confucianism, and his philosophical categories and thoughts such as "Taiji" and "Infinity" occupy an important position in the history of China's thoughts.
⑵ The genre of this article is "Shuo", which is a style. It can be used to explain arguments, express feelings and narrate, all to illustrate a truth.
(3) compound sentence, two consecutive sentences with the same number of words and relative meanings, is called compound sentence. Parallel prose and parallel prose are collectively called prose sentences.
⑷ The writing characteristics of Ailian's Tales are: expressing ambition by holding objects, having lofty ideas, and skillfully using contrasts and metaphors; Parallel and dispersed
5. The structure of Ailian's theory can be summarized as: a clue, that is, taking Ailian as a clue; The second foil, that is, the flowers of flowers and trees are used as the general foil of lotus, and chrysanthemums and peony are used as the side lining and contrast of lotus; Three types, that is, writing three kinds of flowers and writing three kinds of people: seclusion, wealth and gentleman.
[6] This paper uses flowers to express people's voices. The author's description and praise of Lian implies that he does not seek fame and fortune, is honest and clean, and wants to maintain noble character and loyal moral thoughts and feelings in a polluted world.
Second, mark the following bold words with phonetic symbols.
Very rich in (fán) silt (yū) Zhuo (zhuó) violet (lián) branches and vines (màn).
Play with others (xiè), live in seclusion (yü), and live in seclusion (yü).
Third, explain the key notional words
Tao Yuanming loves chrysanthemums (only) and the world loves peonies (very).
I love lotus flower paste without touching (only) (indicating turning point) (pollution)
Clear but not evil (washing) (clear water) (beautiful but not solemn)
Do not disperse (disperse) (branch), the fragrance is far and clear (more) (fragrant)
Graceful (towering) (standing) can be seen from a distance without being ridiculous (watching) (near without being solemn)
I said that people who are (I) (think) a gentleman of flowers are also people of noble character.
Pottery tastes less (less) and is suitable for more people (should) and more (more).
Four. Idioms and famous sentences.
(1) Sludge without dyeing: Sludge without dyeing. Metaphor can remain pure and unaffected in the sludge environment.
2. Not sloppy: It means that the speech or article is concise and not sloppy.
5. Writing techniques: 1. Cleverly use metaphors to compare chrysanthemums to "hermits", peonies to "rich people" and lotus to "gentlemen"; Second, highlight the theme by setting off. The full text uses chrysanthemums and peonies to set off lotus flowers three times. The first foil shows that you like something different; The second foil shows that the character of lotus is higher than that of flowers; For the third time, I lamented that few people in the world have the same hobbies as themselves.
Six, combined with the meaning of the text, homemade couplets.
(1) Zhou prefers chrysanthemums to gentleman Taogong. (2) If the mud is not stained, the ripples are clear but not demon.
7. Fill in the blanks.
(1) There is no dye in the mud, and there is no demon in the lotus "-don't go with the tide and evil world wind (noble and clean); "Straight through the outside"-sensible integrity (integrity); "Don't crawl"-don't be attached to powerful people; Fragrant and clear "-famous; Graceful and straight, you can see from a distance, but you can't be ridiculous. "You are honest and clean, and your manners are respectable (lofty).
⑵ The writing order of this article is to summarize first and then divide, which implicitly shows which kind of flowers you like is the embodiment of people's thoughts and feelings.
⑶ At the beginning, the author endows the lotus with a beautiful character from its growing environment, body fragrance and lofty demeanor.
(4) Tao Jinyuan clearly loves chrysanthemums, and combined with what he learned, he wrote a poem describing chrysanthemums: picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely. We learned the Peach Blossom Garden.
5. This paper focuses on the application of foil: many lovely flowers are general foil, chrysanthemums and peonies are key foil, chrysanthemums are positive foil, and peonies are back foil.
[6] The author shows his attitude towards life that he does not seek fame and fortune, but leads an honest and clean life. Wanqu criticized the world style of advocating wealth and pursuing fame and fortune.
(7) Before and after the article, "Love the lotus alone" and "Who will give the lotus love?" The words "peony love is suitable for everyone" and "everyone loves peony" are taken care of, and the words "all" and "only" are opposites.
⑻ Find a parallelism sentence in the article: Mud comes out without touching, ripple is clear without demon.
The clue of this paper is the subjective feeling of "love"
⑽ Taking the lotus as the writing object, the purpose of writing chrysanthemums and peonies is to set off the nobility and loveliness of the lotus.
⑾ From the perspective of coherence from top to bottom, the last sentence of the second paragraph is "peony love is suitable!" It should be put in "Who is the love of lotus?" In front of it, the author put it at the end in order to attract attention and thinking and highlight the author's writing purpose.
From the purpose of the sentence, the second paragraph uses declarative sentences, rhetorical questions and interrogative questions. Rhetorical devices include parallelism, rhetorical questions and metaphor.
[13] The author compares "Lian" to a gentleman, so the author thinks that a gentleman should be a man of noble character. In this paper, the writing method of expressing ambition is used to pin the author's integrity and sentiment of not seeking fame and fortune, being honest and clean on the lotus image.
[14] There are a pair of antonyms in the article, sweet and fresh.
⒂ The expression in the first paragraph is mainly description, while the expression in the second paragraph is mainly discussion. Discussion, the "predicate" in the text can be embodied in a concentrated way. Lyric, the article "Alas" made a hint.
[14] The main techniques of expression in The Theory of Ailian are narration, description, discussion and lyricism. The function is to start narration and lead to topics, and write about the cold world; Then describe and highlight the image; The argument of pawn stamp lies in praise. The lyrics run through the whole article and are intended to be clear.
⒄ "Peony Love" and "It is suitable for many people" literally mean that there are many peonies who love lotus flowers, and the author's implication is that there are also many people who love wealth. The irony of this sentence is that the author has few confidants.
⒅ Peony, the author compares it to a rich man, who covets the wealth of the whole world, and the author reveals the emotion of "contempt".
The lotus flower is compared to a gentleman, showing the emotion of "praising" the lotus flower.
The rhetorical methods used in the sentence "There is no dye in the mud, and there is no demon in the ripple" are duality and metaphor.
Eight, the theme.
By praising the valuable character of lotus, this paper implicitly expresses the author's attitude towards life: he does not want to avoid the world passively like Tao Yuanming, nor does he want to pursue fame and fortune like the world. He wants to be independent in a dirty world and always keep his innocent integrity and integrity.
(2) Section "Ailian":
The first paragraph, write the reason why "I" love lotus and the beautiful character of lotus.
The second paragraph shows my attitude towards life that I don't seek fame and fortune, but live in vain.
10. Answer the questions in the original text
(1) The sentence that describes the purity and simplicity of the lotus is: the mud comes out without dye, and the ripple is clear without demon.
⑵ The central sentence of the full text is: Lotus, the gentleman of flowers.
(3) Zhou Dunyi's "Ailian Ji": A famous sentence about lotus: Ailian Ji is far from being dirty, clear but not demon, straight through, not crawling, fragrant and far away, graceful and quiet, far from being ridiculous.
(4) In the flower show in the park, there are always more people watching peony than other flowers. In the words of "Love Lotus", it is: the love of peony is suitable for all ages.
5. The sentence that shows that the master is not bound by secular life and hates secular life is: Who gave the love of the lotus?
[6] The sentence describing the beautiful image of the lotus is: the mud is not stained, the ripple is clear but not demon, the outside is straight, the fragrance is far and clear, and the plants are slim.
(7) Compared with "those who are near the ink are black, those who are near the ink are black", it embodies the noble quality of lotus. Now people often use it to describe some people who are totally honest but not evil.
(8) A gentleman enjoys a high reputation: Xiang Yuan Qing Xiang.
The sentence that can best summarize the noble quality of lotus is (main sentence): lotus is a gentleman among flowers.
⑽ Write the sentence that a gentleman is honest, reasonable and not dependent on powerful people: straight through, not loose.
⑾ The phrase used to describe a gentleman who is neither in cahoots with the common customs nor conceited in "The Theory of Ailian" is: The mud never touches, and the ripples are clear but not evil.
⑿ Metaphor is a word from a gentleman who is reasonable, upright and enjoys a high reputation. It is straight outside and not sloppy inside, and it smells far and wide.
[13] Metaphorically, a gentleman is honest and clean, and his words are solemn and admirable, and his grace is pure, which is far from being ridiculous.
[14] People like peonies very much because they are rich in flowers.
⒂ The same artistic conception as Fan Zhongyan's The Story of Yueyang Tower is: Who gave the lotus love?
[14] Lu Xun, a young man, wrote in Lotus Man: Sweep away the powder and become a man of character, but shed the red dress and learn to make up lightly. Its conception and language benefit from the famous sentence in "Ailian Shuo", that is, mud does not stick, clear but not demon.
⒄ The implicit statement of the overflow of sympathy is: the love of peony is suitable for all ages!
XI。 Questions and answers
1. Why does Tao Yuanming "love lotus alone"?
A: Because chrysanthemums bloom in autumn, they are hermits in flowers, and Tao Yuanming is also a hermit. Chrysanthemum and Tao Yuanming are similar in character.
2. "Since Li Tang came, peonies have been loved all over the world". What does this sentence reveal?
A: It reveals the social atmosphere of advocating wealth and pursuing fame and fortune since the Tang Dynasty.
3. From what aspects did the author describe the lotus? What qualities are the lotus endowed with?
A: Growing environment: "Mud comes out without touching, clear without demon"-noble in nature, not drifting with the tide.
Body fragrance: "straight through, not loose, not fragrant, far bright"-integrity, understanding, and square behavior.
Manner and temperament: "graceful and pure, can be seen from a distance without humiliation"-clean, dignified, respectable, dare not despise.
The author describes lotus flowers. Why should he write that Tao Yuanming loves chrysanthemums and the world loves peonies first? What's the use of writing like this?
A: The author uses "Chrysanthemum" and "Peony" as positive and negative contrasts to express his attitude towards life, which implicitly and prominently expresses the main idea of the article.
5. The article "Ailian Shuo" adopts the writing method of expressing feelings by borrowing things. Who is the peony in the article compared with the lotus in life? What do you think of "Love of Peony" with money?
A: "Peony" is a metaphor for the rich. "Lotus" is a metaphor for a person with high moral character.
Viewpoint: I show contempt and disgust for the pursuit of wealth and fame by some money worshippers. Their "money makes the mare go" is the bane of the declining world trend, and this "peony love" should be criticized and denied.
6. Why do people have different hobbies for "flowers"? What does the word "independence" do?
A: What kind of flowers do you like reflects people's different thoughts, feelings and ethics. The word "independence" shows that the author is not in collusion with the secular, and also shows that he and Tao Yuanming have different attitudes towards life.
7. The author uses things as metaphors to express people's feelings. Compare chrysanthemums to what? Does the author fully appreciate Tao Yuanming's reclusive attitude towards life? Is he willing to live in seclusion? What emotions did the author reveal more?
A: Hermit. I don't want to, because the author only appreciates Tao Yuanming's personality different from the secular, but he doesn't appreciate his seclusion. "I'm sorry."
8. Please use your own words to sum up the valuable qualities represented by lotus characteristics, such as "unblemished", "innocent", "upright", "graceful and pure" and "not ridiculous".
* The qualities represented by lotus are: simplicity, nobility, openness and innocence; Informal, well-distributed, independent and dignified.
9. Rhetoric used in this paper includes parallelism, rhetorical questions and figurative expressions, narrative and descriptive expressions, symbolic and foil expressions.
In this paper, the technique of setting off is adopted, with chrysanthemum as the lining and peony as the lining. The last paragraph of the article uses a variety of sentence patterns: there are exclamatory sentences (alas!
The love between chrysanthemums and flowers is rarely heard after Tao. Who is the giver of lotus love? The love of peony suits many people. )
10, what qualities does the following passage contain in a gentleman?
Out of the mud without staining, clear without demon, straight without crawling outside, clear fragrance, graceful, but not ridiculous from a distance.
* neither conform to the evil world wind, nor arrogant; Sensible, honest, good reputation; Loyal and honest, dignified and respectable, dare not despise. (That's right)
1 1. judging from the author's praise of lotus, what kind of character should this "gentleman" have?
A: despise the secular style of greedy for money and fame and profit; Lead an honest and clean life, and maintain loyalty and noble character.
12, the sentence "Who is the giver of lotus love" expresses the author's thoughts and feelings? What attitude does the word "independence" show the author?
A: It expresses the infinite feelings of the author's few confidants, and shows the author's independence in the world and never goes with the flow.
13, how to understand "Who is the love of the lotus?"
A: This is a rhetorical question. On the one hand, it took care of the above-mentioned "love lotus", on the other hand, it also revealed a sigh about the world of life, lamenting that there were very few people with the same interests as the author at that time, and even fewer people could achieve noble conduct.
14, "peony love is suitable for all ages." How do you express the author's feelings? A: This exclamatory sentence is the author's strong satire on the attitude of some scholar-officials pursuing fame and fortune at that time.
15. What is the author's attitude towards these three kinds of flowers?
A: Sorry, Chrysanthemum. I escape from reality in order to live a clean life. I am detached from things and have a negative attitude towards life.
Despise peony: pursuing fame and profit, clinging to wealth, a bit vulgar.
Praise the lotus: It is very rare to "get out of the mud without dyeing" and keep noble and clean forever in a dirty world.
16, please comment on the second paragraph.
A: The author personifies chrysanthemum, peony and lotus one by one, endowing them with different moral sentiments, and using flowers to describe people. He satirized the social atmosphere of advocating wealth and pursuing fame and fortune at that time through people's different attitudes towards these three kinds of flowers. Shows the noble character of the author.
17, "Love between chrysanthemums and flowers, fresh smell after pottery". What can be seen from this sentence?
A: It reveals the social atmosphere after Tao Yuanming. There are fewer hermits who are dissatisfied with society, and more people go along with the world.
18 What are the characteristics of language use in this article? What are the benefits of this?
A: The combination of parallel prose and prose makes people read forcefully and tactfully.
XII. Expansion and extension:
1. The article praises the noble quality of lotus, which is actually the expression of the author's thoughts and feelings. However, in real life, some people think that "all people close to Zhu Zhechi are black". What do you think of these two views? Please briefly explain the reasons.
* Omit (hint: you can talk about a certain point of view, or you can combine the two, but you must buckle the relationship between "people and the environment")
2. What kind of flowers do you like? Please briefly explain why you like it. Answer: The lotus, which comes out of the mud but is not stained, is clear without waves and is not demon, and is loved by literati in past dynasties. Plum blossom, your noble, persistent and outstanding character standing in the snow deeply touched me and inspired me.
Among our middle school students, there are too few students who "get out of the mud but don't get stained", while too many people go with the flow, that is, they don't understand right and wrong and mix with naughty students who are tired of learning, either drinking or smoking, or making trouble. How to treat this phenomenon? Talk about your thoughts.
A: Middle school students should cherish fleeting youth, study hard, and don't hate for future regrets.
The author thinks that "chrysanthemum is a hermit in flowers"; Peony, blooming with wealth; Lotus, the gentleman of flowers. "Do you agree with the author? Tell me why.
A: I don't agree. I think peony is a gentleman among flowers. It will not yield to evil forces. Although he was demoted, he still did not change his original intention and blossomed according to his own rules. Win a good reputation among flowers
Students, what have we gained after learning the text?
A: From this, we learned the noble, refined, straight and pure character of lotus. In writing, I understand the way the author expresses his feelings with lotus flowers. In addition, the use of metaphor, personification and parallelism, the use of comparison and contrast, the changes of declarative sentences, interrogative sentences and exclamatory sentences, the organic combination of narration, discussion and lyric, and the washing and practicing of words are all worth learning from.
6. How much outlook on life has permeated Ailian's Theory? Talk about your outlook on life in combination with real life.
A: Three kinds: 1 reclusive outlook on life; 2. covet wealth and wealth; 3 don't go with the flow and live a clean and honest life. Talk about your outlook on life, as long as you are positive, practical and reasonable.
7 What phenomenon is commonly used to describe "muddy but not dirty, clear but ripple without demon"? Please combine the actual situation, and talk about your feelings from both positive and negative aspects with real life examples.
A: Metaphorically, people can live a clean life in a turbid environment, and the subjective test answers are self-drawn.
8 use "straight through the outside, not sloppy" to spur yourself and talk about the truth of being a man? A: The answer is self-made.