Grass-roots mass autonomy system is an important part of grass-roots democratic system. The so-called "grass-roots" refers to the lowest level, and its outstanding feature is the implementation of direct management, that is, directly facing the people and directly accepting their supervision, and all its management activities are direct without any intermediate links. The construction of grass-roots democratic system is an important part of China's socialist democracy and legal system construction and socialist political system reform, and it is also an important link and guarantee of socialist modernization. Upholding and perfecting the system of people's congresses, the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation led by China, and the system of regional ethnic autonomy constitute a complete scientific system of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's politics. Grass-roots democratic system is characterized by grass-roots political parties, state organs and social organizations, grass-roots organizations of enterprises and institutions, grass-roots mass autonomous organizations and other systems that directly exercise management power. Grass-roots mass autonomy system is the product of combining Marxist autonomy theory with China's urban and rural reality, and it is an important embodiment of socialist democracy in China's grass-roots social life. Its organizational forms are urban residents' committees and rural villagers' committees. This kind of mass autonomous organization is not only the foundation of grass-roots political power, but also the bridge and link between the party, the country and the people. They directly implement national policies and laws, undertake social affairs related to the welfare of local people and affairs that autonomous organizations should have according to law, and reflect the opinions and suggestions of the masses. Through mass self-governing organizations, the traditional practice of the government in arranging mass affairs has been changed, and the people fully enjoy the rights of democratic election, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision, which has effectively promoted the development of democratic politics in China to a higher level.
Two, the establishment and improvement of grassroots mass autonomy system is an important basis for promoting social harmony.
Under the traditional planned economy system, the state implements highly centralized management of social politics, economy, culture and even people's lives, and the grass-roots democratic system has not been properly developed. With the establishment of the socialist market economic system, the hierarchical system and dependency relationship have been broken, and diversified interest subjects and interest structures have been formed, creating a competitive, open, changeable and dynamic production and life style, and gradually forming an independent, equal and free social relationship. This requires us to establish a scientific grass-roots mass autonomy system in line with China's national conditions, ensure that grass-roots organizations and members directly exercise their democratic rights, manage their own affairs according to law, and realize that the people are masters of their own affairs. Therefore, adhering to and improving the grass-roots mass autonomy system can be said to be the most extensive practice of socialist democracy and an important institutional choice to promote the construction of democratic politics in China.
1. Adhering to and improving the system of grass-roots mass autonomy is a steady road to democratic political construction in line with national conditions. Socialism with Chinese characteristics's democratic politics needs the extensive mobilization and active participation of all the people, as well as the effective regulation of the whole society. Grass-roots mass autonomy system can achieve greater social benefits at lower cost, promote democracy and freedom in stability and order, and accumulate political resources for promoting higher-level democracy.
2, adhere to and improve the grass-roots mass autonomy system, is an important guarantee to promote social harmony. Grass-roots units are the cells of society, the "window" for direct contact with social members and the "source" of social contradictions. Democracy is a reliable mechanism for properly and steadily solving various social contradictions. If grass-roots units can achieve a high degree of mass autonomy, enable people to participate in politics in an orderly manner, consult with different stakeholders, seek common ground while reserving differences, and reach consensus on major issues, then contradictions can be resolved, better solutions can be achieved, good social governance can be achieved, and a relatively harmonious state can be achieved.
3, adhere to and improve the grass-roots mass autonomy system, is a dynamic mechanism to mobilize the enthusiasm of the people. Grass-roots mass autonomy system guarantees the equal rights of grass-roots social members to participate in autonomous management in the form of system, so that most social members can give full play to their initiative and creativity, thus making the whole society have the vitality and vitality of harmonious development.
4. Upholding and perfecting the grass-roots mass autonomy system is the incentive and restraint mechanism for the government to play its functions. From the perspective of power phenomenon, grass-roots mass autonomy is mainly manifested as a bottom-up power activity. It is the restriction of the people in the managed position on the government in the political management system, so as to supervise and standardize the government behavior and ensure that the government serves the interests of the overwhelming majority of the people.
In short, the grass-roots mass autonomy system is a political platform for the integration of interests, a booster to stimulate social vitality, and an insurance valve for social stability and order. Perfecting and developing the grass-roots mass autonomy system is conducive to upholding and consolidating the political status of the people as masters of the country, reflecting and realizing the people's will and aspirations, strengthening the ties between the party and the government and the people, mobilizing all positive factors to serve the reform, opening up and socialist modernization, realizing, safeguarding and developing the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, and promoting social harmony and long-term stability of the country.
Third, the basic framework and operating mechanism of the grass-roots mass autonomy system is the key to ensure social harmony.
To expand grass-roots autonomy, we need to proceed from the overall situation of the whole political system reform and democratic political construction, make overall plans for development, and achieve the greatest democratic benefits with the minimum political and social costs and through careful system design and superb political skills.
1, expand grass-roots autonomy and focus on building the basic framework. Grass-roots mass autonomous organizations take rural villagers' committees and urban residents' committees as the main contents, which provide a basic platform for the people to directly exercise their democratic rights and implement democratic autonomy in public affairs and public welfare undertakings of grass-roots organizations. However, it should be noted that the development of grassroots mass autonomous organizations is still not perfect, and the lag or defects of some links have formed prominent contradictions with the demands of the masses to exercise their democratic rights. Take the community neighborhood committee as an example. At present, the administrative tendency of community neighborhood committees is obvious, and people, money, materials, responsibilities, transportation, assessment and other aspects rely on the government. This management system of "no distinction between government and society" makes neighborhood committees a window for the access of government decrees and the implementation of government affairs, but the function of democratic autonomy has been greatly weakened. Therefore, at present, we should focus on innovating and perfecting the community management system, actively promote the separation of deliberation and administration, and gradually realize the transformation of the community from administrative-led to autonomous. The basic organizational structure is: under the unified leadership of community party organizations, community workstations are composed of residents' committees elected by residents' congresses (or congresses), community workers hired by the government, and various community organizations and non-governmental organizations, forming a "troika" organizational structure under the leadership of community party organizations. The community workstation undertakes the grass-roots administrative affairs undertaken by the original neighborhood committee, that is, the administrative functions of the grass-roots government, so that "power comes with responsibility and expenses come with things", the neighborhood committee specially performs the duties of community autonomy, and the community group organizations and non-governmental organizations undertake the functions of contacting and rallying the masses. At the same time, reduce the size of neighborhood committees, control the number of households under the jurisdiction of neighborhood committees at around 1 10,000, and implement "one station for multiple residences", and one community workstation serves multiple neighborhood committees.
2. Expand grassroots autonomy and strive to deepen the connotation of grassroots democracy. The gradual participation of the masses in elections and management is the general direction for the people to be masters of their own affairs. In some places with high level of economic and social development and mature conditions, residents' right to vote is guaranteed according to the organic law of neighborhood committees and village committees, the coverage of direct elections is continuously expanded, and people with good ideas, correct style, ability and willingness to serve the masses are elected to neighborhood committees and village committees. People's democratic autonomy should be introduced into more fields of social life, especially those areas with high concern and many conflicts of interest, such as land contracting, land requisition, demolition, community construction and other related issues. Through discussions at villagers' meetings, villagers' congresses, residents' meetings and residents' congresses, participants should be gradually expanded, ways of participation should be explored, and areas of participation should be increased to meet the growing participation needs of the people.
3. Expand grassroots autonomy and constantly improve the level of institutionalization. It is necessary to strengthen the innovation and improvement of the grass-roots mass autonomy system, so that the grass-roots units can form an effective interest coordination mechanism, appeal expression mechanism, contradiction mediation mechanism and rights protection mechanism, focus on democratic elections, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision, improve various systems, and rely on systems to ensure that the people can directly exercise their democratic rights according to law. If we want to improve the publicity system and hearing system. It is necessary to promptly disclose the working systems and procedures that residents care about and involve residents' interests, accept the supervision of residents, and protect residents' right to know. It is necessary to improve the democratic supervision system, organize residents to carry out public service supervision and evaluation activities closely related to daily life in an orderly manner, and ensure residents' supervision right around exercising democratic rights. To meet the requirements of urbanization, we should study new ways to solve the problem of migrant workers participating in community residents' autonomy.
4. Expand grass-roots autonomy, starting with the manpower problem that people are most concerned about. The practical subject of socialist grass-roots democratic politics is the people, whose care, support and participation determine the effectiveness of socialist grass-roots democratic politics construction. Therefore, we should carry out various forms of democratic participation activities around public safety, environment, culture and other issues that are highly concerned by the masses and closely related to their interests, so as to minimize disharmony and continuously promote social harmony.
5. Expand grassroots autonomy and actively transform government functions. With the development of socialist market economy, the government's management of macro affairs has changed from decentralization to centralization, and the management of general affairs has changed from centralization to decentralization. Therefore, in order to improve the level of grass-roots mass autonomy, we must change and adjust government functions: return the power originally belonging to social groups and mass autonomous organizations to grass-roots organizations; Vigorously cultivate non-governmental intermediary organizations, increase the government's public finances to purchase services from social forces, and encourage social forces to organize public welfare and welfare community and village construction projects from fiscal and taxation policies, so that they can effectively undertake social affairs and social service functions transferred by the government and units to meet the multi-level needs of the masses.
6. Expand grassroots autonomy and constantly raise people's awareness of democratic autonomy. It is necessary to enrich healthy community education activities and mass cultural life, constantly improve the awareness and ability of the masses to participate in social affairs management according to law, mobilize their enthusiasm, and improve their participation in community affairs. It is necessary to further expand the participation of people from all walks of life, mass organizations, social organizations, young and middle-aged and migrant workers' representatives, and build a full-coverage grass-roots democratic and autonomous organization system.
In short, the establishment of grass-roots mass autonomy system is an inevitable requirement for the development of socialist market economy and socialist democratic politics, an urgent requirement for the broad masses of people to correctly exercise their democratic rights and realize that the people are masters of their own affairs, and an important foundation for achieving social harmony and promoting social stability. According to the requirements of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, it is of great significance to actively explore the grass-roots mass autonomy system and its realization forms for promoting the democratic political construction and social harmony in Socialism with Chinese characteristics.