Hope to adopt
Question 2: What is Four Treasures of the Study? The pen refers to a brush for writing Chinese characters. It is a unique writing tool in China. It is soft and elastic, and its structure is very simple. However, its special function makes it an important medium to spread Chinese character culture, and makes Chinese character calligraphy shine in the garden of art, showing beautiful and moving charm. For example, Han Cai Yong said in "On Pen": "Only soft pen is strange." . Brushes are generally made of bamboo or wood with animal hair or plant fiber as the pen tip. Therefore, pens made of different kinds of animal hair have different names. Such as wool, wolf hair, purple hair (rabbit hair), chicken feathers, mane, moustache and so on. According to their performance, the types of brushes can be roughly divided into three categories, namely "soft hair", "hard hair" and "double brush" According to the length of the brush, it is generally divided into "long front", "center" and "short front" As for all kinds of pens named after their makers or places of origin, there are not a few pens from ancient times to now, such as the pen of the Southern Song Dynasty, the pen of Cheng Yi in the Song Dynasty, the pen of Wang Boli in Xuancheng, Anhui Province, and the pen of Hu in Huzhou, Zhejiang Province. The change of ink color can express the charm of calligraphy, so the beauty of calligraphy is colorful. Ink, like the color of painting, plays a great role. There are two types of ink: graphite and pine smoke, which are described as follows:
The second treasure: ink
Graphite graphite is a natural thing, a kind of rock called "ink". In ancient times, without Song Yanmo, the only way to write calligraphy was to use graphite, and many people used graphite as proof of books. However, since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the use of graphite in writing has been unknown, but it was replaced by pine smoke before the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and calligraphy turned to another new realm. But since it's gone today, I won't discuss it here. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, Song Yanmo and Yan Song replaced graphite. The origin of pine smoke is very early, and there were precious pine smoke in Han Dynasty. Among the famous Mohist writers in the past dynasties, the most famous is Li Ting in the Southern Tang Dynasty. According to legend, its texture is as hard as graphite. "Its ink can cut wood and fall into the ditch by mistake, which will not be bad for several months." Famous Mohists in later generations include Pangu in the Northern Song Dynasty, Wu Guoliang in the Yuan Dynasty, Jun Fang and Fang Youlu in the Ming Dynasty, and Cao Sugong and Hu Kaiwen since the Qing Dynasty, all of which are giants. The third treasure: The main raw materials for papermaking are mostly plant fibers, mainly bamboo and wood. The fiber of wood is elastic, and the paper made of it has strong ink absorption; Bamboo fiber is brittle and hard, and the paper made of it has weak ink absorption, so it can be divided into two categories:
1. Weak blotting paper: made of bamboo fiber, the paper surface is smooth, the ink floats on the surface, and it is not easy to open slowly, so the color is bright. Paper-based, such as Cheng Xin's Tang paper, Tao Jin, and today's foreign paper also belong to it. Integrity paper: a famous paper used by Li Houzhu in the Southern Tang Dynasty, which is as famous as Tingguimo. It is characterized by smoothness and compactness, and is known as "as slippery as spring ice and as dense as a seal". It is the top grade of weak blotting paper, which is almost called the kind of jade water paper, and the inferior one is called cold gold. "Light and crisp" is its characteristic. Shu State: According to legend, Cai Lun's ancient papermaking method spread in West Shu, and the Shu State it produced was quite famous since the Tang Dynasty, such as Xue Tao and Xie Gong. It is said that its water quality is pure, so its paper is great. "Xie Gong" is named after the teacher's thick work, because it has ten colors, also known as ten colors. "Snow Pottery" is named after pottery, but this kind of colored paper, although made according to the ancient method, is easy to dye and cannot be circulated for a long time, and is only used for entertainment. Tibetan scripture paper: Tibetan scripture paper is a paper used by Buddhist temples to write or print Buddhist scriptures, also known as Jinsu, and there are two kinds of yellow and white. Clay gold and wax commonly used by people in Ming and Qing dynasties are rare today, and even the bottom surface light is rare. Bird paper made in Japan is widely used now, but it is expensive, not durable and really not practical. 2. Strong blotting paper: made of wood fiber, it has strong ink absorption and rough surface. When the ink falls off the paper, it is easy to disperse. When writing, it is often pasted or waxed, which is not as bright as paper, but more subtle, mainly based on rice paper. Although it appeared late, it has replaced paper and become the most valuable writing paper. Xuan Paper and Imitation Xuan: The most valuable writing paper today is Yupan Xuan. Lime for yubanxuan, mulberry, short wood, straw and sandalwood skin has the strongest ink absorption and the best texture. Xuan paper is named after Xuancheng, Anhui Province, but Xuancheng itself does not produce paper, and the surrounding local paper is declared as scattered land. Precious tracts announcement. This kind of paper can't be used by everyone, because it has strong ink absorption, so it is hard for people who use it slowly: as long as they stop writing, the ink will seep out and form a big ink ball! However, some people use its characteristics to write distinctive characters, such as Bao's light ink book and Qi Baishi's freehand brushwork ... >>
Question 3: What does Four Treasures of the Study mean? Four Treasures of the Study is a unique tool in China, namely pen, ink, paper and inkstone. The name of Four Treasures of the Study originated in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In Southern Tang Dynasty, "Four Treasures of the Study" refers to Zhuge Bi, Huizhou Li Tinggui Ink, Chengxin Tangzhi and Wuyuan Weilong inkstone. "Four Treasures of the Study" since the Song Dynasty refers to Hubi (Huzhou, Zhejiang), Huimo (Huizhou, now Shexian, Anhui), Xuanzhi (now Dinghui Jingxian), Duanyan (now Zhaoqing, Guangdong) and She Yan (now Shexian, Anhui).
Question 4: What do you mean by Four Treasures of the Study? Where are their famous producing areas? The idiom Four Treasures of the Study [edit this paragraph] prefix Four Treasures of the Study pronunciation wé n fá ng sü b m: o Interpretation of customs refers to pen, ink, paper and inkstone. Source song? Mei Shi's "Farewell to Panzhou Paper and Ink" says: "Four Treasures of the Study is out of two counties, and I have come to visit him recently." The son of heaven was forced to make a final decision. * * * put it through right away ~. (Ming? Shi Naian's "Water Margin" (the eighty-first time) Synonyms: the grammar of the four sons' study: partial formality; As subject and object; It refers to pen, ink, paper and inkstone, which used to be a general term for four kinds of stationery. A study is a study. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Yijian wrote Four Books and Four Treasures of the Study, describing the types and authenticity of these four kinds of stationery. These stationery have a long history of production and a wide variety, with famous products and artists throughout the ages. For example, Xuan paper in Jingxian County, Anhui Province (formerly Ningguo House, which produced paper in the name of Xuancheng House), Hui ink in Shexian County (formerly Huizhou House), Hubi in Xing Wu, Zhejiang Province (formerly Huzhou House), Duanyan in Gaoyao, Guangdong Province, and Shexian County (formerly sygtx Capital) with the same name as Duanyan. The tools and materials of China's calligraphy are basically composed of pen, ink, paper and inkstone. People usually call them "Four Treasures of the Study", which roughly means that they are the necessary Four Treasures of the Study for a scholar to study. Because China ancient literati can basically write and draw, or both, they can't do without the four treasures of pen, ink, paper and inkstone. The name of the study originated from the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589 AD) in the history of China, especially referring to the scholar's study, which uses pen, ink, paper and inkstone as the study, and is known as the "Four Treasures of the Study". In addition to Four Treasures of the Study, there are also pen containers, pen containers, ink beds, ink cartridges, handrails, pens, book towns, water spoons, inkstone drops, inkstone boxes, inkpad, Yin He, knives, stamps and drums. This is also an essential product in the research. Four Treasures of the Study collected by the Palace Museum is mostly made by famous teachers in the Qing Dynasty and used by the royal family. Its exquisite materials and exquisite craftsmanship represent the development level of stationery in China for thousands of years and the creative wisdom and artistic talent of skilled craftsmen. It is a treasure in stationery. Among many pen products, the brush is a unique category in China. Traditional brush is not only a necessary learning tool for the ancients, but also has a unique charm in expressing the special charm of China's paintings and calligraphy. However, because the brush is fragile and difficult to preserve, ancient pens that have been passed down to this day are rare. The earliest writing brush can be traced back to more than two thousand years ago. Although there were no brush objects in the Western Zhou Dynasty and above, some signs of using a brush can be found in prehistoric painted pottery patterns and Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty. During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the brush was widely used to write bamboo slips and silk books. The writing brush of the Spring and Autumn Period was found in the tomb of Zeng Houyi in Leigudun, Suizhou City, Hubei Province. It is the earliest pen found so far. Later, the Warring States pens unearthed in Zuojiagong Mountain, Changsha City, Hunan Province, the Qin pens unearthed in Shuihudi, Yunmeng County, Hubei Province, and Fangmatan, Tianshui City, Gansu Province, as well as Mawangdui in Changsha, Fenghuang Mountain in jiangling county City, Gansu Province, Xuanquanjia in Dunhuang City, Maquanwan, the Han pens in the ancient rock area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the Western Jin pens in Wuwei are all precious materials left by ancient times. There are many kinds of pens in ancient times. Judging from the raw materials of the pen, there are rabbit hair, white hair, Miki Sayaka, yellow hair, sheep beard, horse hair, deer hair, musk hair, badger hair, raccoon hair, mink hair, moustache, mouse tail, tiger hair, wolf tail, fox hair, otter hair, orangutan hair, goose hair, duck hair and chicken feather. In terms of performance, there are bristles, soft bristles and double brushes. Judging from the texture of the pen holder, there are bamboo, feather bamboo, spotted bamboo, brown bamboo, purple bamboo, chicken wings, sandalwood, nanmu, rosewood, fragrant wood, carved lacquer, green lacquer, snail, ivory, rhinoceros horn, horn, tortoise shell, jade, crystal and glass. The impression of ink seems a little simplistic, but it is an indispensable article in ancient Chinese characters. With the help of this original material, the fantastic artistic conception of China's paintings and calligraphy can be realized. ......& gt& gt
Question 5: What is the Four Treasures of the Study in China? Four Treasures of the Study is the pride of China culture. A study is a study. In ancient China, four kinds of stationery used in study were called Four Treasures of the Study.
(1) pen
Pen, namely writing brush, is a unique writing tool in China. Because it is made of wool, hairless, mink hair and so on, it is called a writing brush. There have been writing brushes since the Spring and Autumn Period. In folklore, there is a saying that Meng Tian, a famous Qin Dynasty star, wrote a pen, and Meng Tian was regarded as the originator of the pen. Before the Tang Dynasty, the peak of the brush was short. After the Tang Dynasty, the strokes of brush became longer and longer, and there were more and more kinds of brush, including Zihao, Shuanghao, Shuihao, Langhao, Yang Hao, Daban and Chinese brush.
The high-quality brush is Hu Pen, which is produced in Huzhou (now Xing Wu), Zhejiang Province. Lake pens are made of wool produced in Hangjiahu Plain (only 2-3 taels for each sheep) through 72 processes. Lake pen enjoys a high reputation for its strict selection of materials and excellent production. Its milli-peak has four advantages: sharp, neat, round and healthy, which is cherished by the world.
(2) Ink
Ink, as a black pigment used for writing and painting, is made of pine smoke and other raw materials. The earliest ink deed in China was produced in the Western Han Dynasty. At that time, the ink was only made into small round pieces and could only be ground on the inkstone with a millstone. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the shape of ink developed to Mo Ding, where people could grind ink directly by hand. Among the numerous China ink stick ingots, Huimo stands out. Hui ink was produced in Zhou She (now Shexian), Huizhou Prefecture, Anhui Province, and ink making began in the Five Dynasties. After the Song Dynasty, outstanding ink-makers emerged in Yunnan, Yi, Xiuning and Jixi, paying attention to quality and craft decoration, which is unparalleled in the world.
(3) Paper
Paper is one of the four great inventions in ancient China. In the early Tang Dynasty, Xuanzhou, Anhui Province (now Jingxian County) produced an advanced paper for calligraphy and painting with brush, which was also issued in Xuancheng, so it was called Xuan paper. Xuan paper is made of sandalwood bark and rice straw by hand after lime treatment, solar bleaching and pulping, and the variety has developed to more than 10. Xuan paper is characterized by white paper, delicate texture, softness, lightness, clear Mo Yun and durability. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, Xuan paper became the first-class paper for writing famous calligraphy and painting.
(4) Inkstone
Inkstone is a tool for studying ink. Inkstone has a history of 5000 years in China. In the Han Dynasty, inkstone gradually became one of the traditional calligraphy and painting arts. After the Han Dynasty, in addition to the main types of inkstones, porcelain inkstones, lacquer inkstones, pottery inkstones and metal inkstones also appeared. The technology of inkstone making in Tang Dynasty made rapid progress. In Song Dynasty, the technology of making inkstone reached a new peak. Duanyan, She Yan, Cheng Yan and Yan Tao are known as the four famous inkstones in China, among which Duanyan is the best.
Guangdong Duanyan was produced in Duan Xi, the eastern suburb of Duanzhou (now Zhaodong). Duanzhou stone belongs to water rock. Duanzhou inkstone made of this kind of stone is delicate and firm, with full ink color, and the polished ink is dry and not frozen. It has become the best ink stone, appreciated by scholars of all ages, and known as "the first ink stone".
Question 6: What are the four kinds of Four Treasures of the Study? What do they represent? Brush, ink stick, paper and inkstone
Question 7: What was Four Treasures of the Study in ancient China? 1, that is, pen, ink, paper and inkstone.
2. The name of Four Treasures of the Study originated in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Historically, what "Four Treasures of the Study" refers to has changed frequently.
3. "Four Treasures of the Study" in Southern Tang Dynasty refers to Zhuge Pen in Xuancheng, Li Tinggui Ink in Huizhou, Chengxin Tang Paper, and Weilong inkstone in Wuyuan (formerly Huizhou Prefecture, Anhui Province, now Jiangxi Province).
4. Since the Song Dynasty, "Four Treasures of the Study" refers to Hubi (Huzhou, Zhejiang), Huimo (Huizhou, now Shexian County, Anhui Province), Xuan Paper (now Jingxian County, Anhui Province, and Ningguo House in ancient times, and the paper production was named after the government ruled Xuancheng), Duanyan Stone (now Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, formerly known as Duanzhou) and She Yan (now Anhui Province).