Guide to Confucius Temple in Harbin 1 Ladies and gentlemen,
Hello! Welcome to Qufu, the hometown of Confucius. Thank you for choosing me as your tour guide. My name is Zhang, and I am a tour guide of Qufu _ _ _ Travel Agency. You can call me Xiao Zhang or Zhang Dao. Confucius famously said, "It's a pleasure to have friends coming from afar." Let me bring you the tour guide service with the joy of making new friends.
Confucius Temple is a ritual temple dedicated to Confucius. Confucius was a famous thinker and educator in the late Spring and Autumn Period in China, and was known as the founder of Confucianism. According to records, Confucius was born with his head in the shape of a mud hill, named after his surname Qiu.
In his arduous social practice all his life, Confucius had a profound knowledge and understanding of the society at that time, gradually established the basic system of Confucianism, and became a famous political theorist, educator and thinker at that time. The Confucianism he founded has a great influence on the history of China and even the world. In the second year after Confucius' death (478 BC), Lu Aigong changed the main hall where Confucius lived to Shoutang, with three rooms displaying Confucius' "clothes, crowns, Qin, cars, books" and "temple sacrifices", that is, sacrifices were made on time every year. Although Confucius was a famous academic master at that time, Confucianism was only a school, and Confucius' position was not high, so the original Confucius Temple was just the former residence of Confucius. After the Han Dynasty, the status of Confucius and Confucianism gradually improved.
According to records, from 220 AD to before liberation, the Confucius Temple was rebuilt and expanded more than 70 times. After more than 2,000 years of renovation and expansion, the Confucius Temple in Qufu has formed a large-scale ancient architectural complex. * * * Covers an area of about 1.4 million square meters, with 466 halls, 54 doors and 1.7 pavilions. Its scale and the Forbidden City, chengde mountain resort and known as the three ancient buildings in China.
The overall layout of Confucius Temple has developed from the former residence of Confucius for a long time, with a history of more than 2,400 years. The architectural effect pursued by the development of Confucius Temple is achieved by setting off the great achievements of Confucius and the profoundness of Confucianism through the environment created by the whole building complex. Therefore, the artistic expression of Confucius Temple architecture is firstly the integrity of its overall layout and architectural sequence; Secondly, the treatment of its single building and the layout of its courtyards, halls, halls, buildings, doors and pavilions fully show its important role; Third, the subtlety of individual architecture fully embodies the unparalleled architectural artistic achievements of ancient architects in China in design and construction.
From the overall architecture, Confucius Temple adopts the ancient traditional palace-style architectural form. But it has been rebuilt and expanded many times in history. Whenever it is rebuilt and expanded, it will inevitably be limited by the shape and scale of the previous generation of Confucius Temple buildings. However, the Confucius Temple complex finally succeeded in using the previous generation's heritage, which not only reflected the continuation of historical heritage, but also continued the overall integrity.
The guide words of the Confucius Temple in Harbin 2 Jin Shengyu Zhen Fang was built in the 17th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1538). The word "Jinshengyu Town" was written by Hu Maozong, a scholar in Ming Dynasty. In the square, there are shallow carved Yunlong playing beads, and there is a round carving on the top of each column, which is called "exorcism" and commonly known as "whistling in the sky". There is a single-hole stone bridge behind the square with dragons on it. This bridge was built in the 16th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (AD 1677).
The word "Jin Shengyu Zhen" comes from Mencius Zhang Wan, and Mencius said, "Confucius is a masterpiece. There is a great success, Jin Shengyu Zhen. The golden scorpion also has a beginning organization, and the jade scorpion also has an end organization. " Confucius is a combination of sages and sages, and he will always be one. The original meaning of "Golden Sound" refers to the sound made by Zhong, an ancient musical instrument in China, and the original meaning of "Jin Sheng" refers to the sound made by Qing, an ancient musical instrument in China. In ancient times, playing music began with striking "Zhong" and ended with striking "Qing". The original intention of Jin Shengyu Zheng is a perfect piece of music. Mencius compared Confucius' thought to a perfect piece of music, where he borrowed Mencius' meaning, which means that Confucius' thought is perfect, and it has reached its peak by combining the achievements of ancient sages.
Lingxingmen
Lingxingmen was built in the 13th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 14 15). At first, it was a wooden structure. In the 19th year of Qing Qianlong (A.D. 1754), when the Duke of Feast Kong Zhao Huan rebuilt the Confucius Temple, he replaced it with a stone pillar and an iron beam. At the top of the four stone pillars are four heavenly generals, and on the flat beam in the middle is a flame orb, which symbolizes that this door is guarded by heavenly generals and becomes a towering Tianmen.
Xing, that is, Xing, was first seen in historical materials. Emperor Gaozu ordered a sacrifice to Ling Xing. The ancients thought that Ling Xing was the "celebration master" and was in charge of the official star. In the sixth year of Tiansheng (AD 1028), the door was built on the outer wall of the suburban platform, that is, the door was built on the outer wall of the rooftop, which looked like a window lattice, hence the name "Guo". The Confucius Temple has a star gate, which means worshipping Confucius like heaven. This was recorded in Ding Jing Health Records and Jinling New Records in the Song Dynasty. In addition, there is an inscription in the Confucius Temple: "Set up a spirit to promote the door and recruit people from all over the world". Where there is a Lingxing door, its door must be a lattice structure, so it means dredging. Confucius Temple attracts scholars from all over the world to study here with this concept.
On the east and west sides of Lingxingmen, there is a dismount tablet engraved with the words "Officials are waiting to dismount here". In feudal society, all officials who came to Qufu to worship Confucius, regardless of their positions, had to get off the sedan chair and military attache before coming to the Confucius Temple to show their respect for Confucius. This monument was erected in the second year of Chang (A.D. 1 19 1), and there is only one in the east.
Taihe Yuan Qi branch
Taihe Yuan Qi Square was built in the 23rd year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1544), all of which are stone structures. The word "Taihe Yuan Qi" was written by Shandong Governor at that time.
"Taihe" refers to the qi of heaven and earth, sun and moon, yin and yang, and "primordial energy" originally refers to the original material that constitutes the world. Later, some materialists called the five elements "gold, wood, water, fire and earth", and everything in the world was made up of them. There, "vitality" is the combination of heaven and earth, sun and moon, yin and yang, and it is the basis for the growth of all things. "Taihe Yuan Qi" means that Confucius thought embodies the essence and noblest side of the whole human thought, which can make human thought reach a supreme position like the birth of everything in the world.
Behind Taihe Yuan Qi Square is Taishangdian Square, formerly known as Xuanshengdian Square. Its construction date has not been found yet. Xuansheng Temple Square was already on the temple map in the 16th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (AD 1503). In the seventh year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1729), it was changed to Xuansheng Temple as the Supreme Hall. This workshop is made of white marble and jade. "Supreme" means supreme.
Taihe Yuan Qi Square is located in the first courtyard of Confucius Temple. There is a wooden workshop in the east and a wooden workshop in the west. This second square was built in the 13th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 14 15) and rebuilt in the 7th year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1729). It has three rooms and four pillars with an arch and six arches on them. There are eight stone monsters under the square, four in the middle are "Tianlu" and four on both sides are "evil spirits".
Harbin Confucius Temple Tour Guide 3 Distinguished guests:
Hello! Entrusted by the tourism and reception department, I would like to extend a warm welcome to all the distinguished guests visiting the famous city of Qufu. I'm glad to be accompanied by a guide. This is a good opportunity for us to study together. Please leave your comments after reading it.
We are visiting the Confucius Temple now.
Confucius Temple, also known as the shrine, is a place where Confucius, his wife, Guan Shi and seventy-two sages are sacrificed. Confucius Temple, the Forbidden City in Beijing and chengde mountain resort in Hebei are also called the three ancient buildings in China. Experts told the Confucius Temple four words: the oldest and grandest building, the most complete preservation and the most prominent oriental architectural features. Two problems can be seen from the Confucius Temple: First, Confucius' great contribution to China and even the eastern culture; Second, there are skilled craftsmen in the history of China.
The Confucius Temple was founded in 478 BC, and it was built the year after the death of Confucius. There are three temples in the former residence of Confucius, which display Confucius' clothes, cars, books and so on. "Worship at the age of 20" emperors expanded the Confucius Temple, 15 major repairs, 3 1 minor repairs, and hundreds of minor repairs reached the present scale. Imitating the Confucius Temple in the Forbidden City, it is divided into three roads and nine courtyards. * * * There are 466 temples and 54 pavilions, which run through a central axis from east to west, with nearly a thousand steles, covering an area of 327. 5 mu, two Li Long and150m. The Confucius Temple we see at the moment is the scale of Hongzhi period in Ming Dynasty. After liberation, the state allocated funds for maintenance and protection many times. The first batch of national key cultural relics protection units in China 1994 12 have been listed as world cultural heritage and become United Nations cultural relics protection units. It is rare for the Confucius Temple to be built for a long time, with a large scale and complete preservation.
Shinto. The vibrant part of Cooper in front of Wan Ren Palace Wall is called Shinto. In front of important temples, there is a special way to worship and be told, which is called "Shinto".
Wan Ren Palace Wall. This gate is the south gate of Qufu Mingcheng and the first gate of Confucius Temple. Hanging on it are the four Chinese characters "Wan Ren Palace Wall", which is the imperial pen of Emperor Qing Qianlong. From Confucius' proud disciple Zi Gong. When Lu was a vassal, it was suggested that Zi Gong was as knowledgeable as Confucius. When Zigong was present, he immediately stood up and said, I dare not compare with my teacher Confucius. Human knowledge is like a wall. My wall is only one inch high, and there are several walls of my teacher. In other words, my knowledge is as high as a shoulder, and there is nothing profound at first glance; Confucius' knowledge is several times that of me. After detailed research and comprehensive discussion, you can know all about him. After entering the door, you can see the beauty of the ancestral temple, which is invisible outside the door. In order to describe Confucius' profundity, later generations went from counting Confucius' walls to "hundreds of Qian Qian and hundreds of feet" until Ming Chengzu named Confucius "the master of the world's civil servants and the teacher of emperors" and praised Confucius' knowledge as "Wan Ren". Looking up, there is no roof, which means that the wall is deep and the high base is solid. These four words were written by an imperial envoy of the Ming Dynasty. In order to show his importance to Confucius, Qianlong changed his calligraphy "Wan Ren Palace Wall" into his imperial pen.
Jin Shengyu Zhen Fang, a workshop built in the Ming Dynasty, is to express Confucius' exquisite and perfect knowledge, just like the whole process of playing music, which is intact from beginning to end. Ancient music starts with ringing a bell, starts from the beginning, ends with a blow, and "Yu Zhen" is called "final coherence". It praised Confucius' knowledge as a collection of sages and sages, so it was called "Golden Sound and Jade Zhen", and the bell began with "Yu Zhen". This is also the origin of the idiom "a good beginning and a good end". "Jin Sheng Yu Zhen" was inscribed by Hu Maozong, a great calligrapher in Ming Dynasty.
Two cypresses make a hole. After Yuzhenfang, a single-hole stone arch bridge, there is an ancient cypress in each thing, so it is called "two cypresses bear one hole". The name of this bridge is "Panshui Bridge", which is connected with the water in the basin next to the palace, so it is called "looking for water". I used to read the book of Confucius and Mencius and was admitted to an institution of higher learning, which was called "looking into the future". Those who are officials hope to get promoted, those who do business hope to get rich, and those who are alive hope to make a fortune.
Outside the temple wall, there is a tablet on the horse, one on the east and one on the west. The tablet on the horse and the tablet on the sedan chair were erected in AD 1 19 1 year. The monument in the west has long been destroyed, and the monument in the east reads "Officials are waiting to dismount here". In the past, civil and military officials and ordinary people floated out of the sedan chair and dismounted on foot to show their respect for Confucius and Confucius Temple.
The unique architectural form of the guide words of Confucius Temple in Harbin is contributed by many factors. First of all, the Confucius Temple is an extension of Confucius' former residence, which preserves many historical sites about Confucius, such as the old house well, the poetry auditorium, Ruby, the Golden Temple, and the apricot altar built to commemorate Confucius' lectures. Secondly, the king's ancestral temple factors, such as the door halberd system, the sleeping system in front of the house and behind the house, etc. Third, the court factors, such as the five-door system of the emperor, the watchtower system of the city, and the east-west door system. The fourth is the clan's family temple factors, such as opening temples, worshipping temples and family temples. The fifth is the factor of sacrifice. In addition to Confucius, Si Pei and Twelve Philosophers, there are more than 200 sages, Confucianists and ancestors in the Confucius Temple. In order to accommodate a large number of worshippers, it is necessary to set up a porch, which constitutes a porch courtyard.
In addition to the above factors, it also highlights Confucius' status as a saint and the sanctity of Confucius' Taoism, such as Chi Pan, Bishui, Paifang, etc., and uses the bookstore to symbolize Confucius' great academic achievements. Confucius Temple successfully used the expression technique of combining traditional courtyard combination with environmental contrast, and achieved the purpose of exaggerating Confucius' outstanding contribution in academic and education and his lofty position in ancient society. It is a unique architectural form among the ancient buildings in China.
There are more than 1200 ancient trees in the Confucius Temple, which are in harmony with the magnificent buildings. Personality is summer, and thousands of herons inhabit ancient trees, which constitutes another unique landscape of Confucius Temple. Heron is designated as a city bird in Qufu.
Wan Ren Palace Wall
Wan Ren Palace Wall, formerly known as Yangshengmen, is the south gate of Qufu City in Ming Dynasty. In the seventh year of Zheng De in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 15 12), the Confucius Temple was destroyed by the peasant rebels led by Liu Liu and Liu Qi. Emperor Zhengde ordered the construction of Chengwei Temple, so the wall of Qufu in Ming Dynasty was built around Confucius Temple and Confucius House, and it was completed in the first year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1522). Set the south gate opposite the south gate of Confucius Temple. Because the South Gate was built for the Confucius Temple, we should regard the South Gate and the Confucius Temple as a whole. In order to show respect and praise for Confucius, Hu, a scholar in the Ming Dynasty, wrote a stone forehead on the door of the palace wall, which means Zigong language in The Analects of Confucius. Dr. Sun Wude, the uncle of Dr. Lu, once said to the doctors, "Zi Gong is more knowledgeable than Confucius." Hearing this, Zi Gong said to his uncle Sun Wu Shu, "Man's knowledge is like a palace wall. My wall is not shoulder-high, so it is easy for others to see how many things are in it. My teacher's wall is several meters high (one Mi Yue is eight feet), so others can't see what's inside. Only when you find the door and walk in can you see the grandeur inside. Zong thought that several palace walls were still not enough to express his praise for Confucius, so he changed it to "Wan Ren Palace Wall". In the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Qianlong came to Qufu. In order to show his admiration for Confucius, he changed the stone forehead written by Hu Maozong, wrote the same four words in his own hand and stood on the city gate. At present, the stone forehead of "Wan Ren Palace Wall" was inscribed by Emperor Qianlong.