1. It is like discussing and discussing, and it is like polishing. (The Book of Songs, Wei Feng and Hong Ao)

Refers to the method of making jade, which involves cutting it with a saw, filing it, carving it slowly, and finally polishing it.

It means that learning requires studying and polishing like jade.

2. Stones from other mountains can attack jade. (Book of Songs, Xiaoya, Crane Ming)

The stones on its mountain can be used to grind jade. Refers to learning from each other and learning from each other's strengths.

3. Work diligently, like thunder. (The Book of Songs, Daya, Yunhan) Describes being cautious and diligent in doing things

4. Those who speak are not guilty, and those who hear are warned. (Preface to the Book of Songs) Those who speak are not guilty, but those who listen can be warned.

5. The auxiliary cars are dependent on each other, and the lips are dead and the teeth are cold. (Left biography) The straight wood outside the wheel and the car rely on each other. Without the lip, the teeth feel cold. "Auxiliary" refers to the straight wood outside the wheel. (Metaphorically, the two are closely related and their interests are related.)

6. If the skin is gone, the hair will be attached. (Zuo Zhuan)

If the skin is gone, where will the hair grow? "Fu" is connected with "Fu", which means to be close. (It is a metaphor that things cannot exist if they lose their foundation.)

7. Words cannot be written, but actions cannot go far. (Zuo Zhuan) If you speak without literary grace, it will not spread far.

8. Never forget the past and be the teacher of the future. (Warring States Policy) is often used to refer to remembering past experiences and lessons as a reference for future actions.

9. It is never too late to repair the lost sheep. (Warring States Policy) If the sheep is lost, it is not too late to repair the sheepfold quickly. It is a metaphor that mistakes should be corrected in time.

10. The snipe and the clam fight, and the fisherman gains. (Warring States Policy)

It means that in a trap environment, don't be too competitive with your opponents, so as not to forget the larger and different enemy.

11. A benevolent person sees it and calls it benevolence; a wise person sees it and calls it knowledge. (Book of Changes) When a kind person observes things, he sees the "benevolence" side; when a wise person observes things, he sees the "wisdom" side. (Metaphorically, different people have different views on the same issue from different standpoints or angles.)

12. Heaven moves vigorously, and a gentleman strives to constantly strive for self-improvement. (Book of Changes) The movement of celestial bodies is strong and powerful. A gentleman should behave like the sky, striving for progress and never stopping. (Referring to a positive attitude towards life.)

13. Fullness brings losses, modesty benefits. (Shang Shu) Pride and complacency will lead to losses, while humility and humility will lead to benefits. (Tell people to be humble and not complacent.)

14. If you try to climb the mountain, you will fall short. (Shang Shu)

Building a nine-foot-high earth mountain could not be completed because there was only one basket of earth left. It is a metaphor that something cannot be completed except for the last step, which means regret.

15. People who have no faith do not know what is possible. (The Analects of Confucius, Wei Zheng) If a person doesn't keep his word, I don't know how he can be a good person. (A person must keep his word.)

16. To know something is to know it, and to know something is to know it, and to know something is to know it. (The Analects of Confucius, Wei Zheng)

Knowing means knowing, not knowing means not knowing, that is true knowledge. (You must be humble and practical, and you cannot pretend to understand.)

17. Learning without thinking will lead to failure, and thinking without learning will lead to peril. (The Analects of Confucius, Wei Zheng), confused. Danger, danger.

If a person only studies but does not think and digest, he will be at a loss and knows nothing; if a person thinks but does not know how to learn, he will be even more dangerous.

18. When I was fifteen, I was determined to learn; when I was thirty, I was established; when I was forty, I was not confused; when I was fifty, I knew the destiny; when I was sixty, my ears were attuned; when I was seventy, I followed my heart's desires without exceeding the rules.

When I was fifteen, I was determined to study; when I was thirty, I was able to live in the world; when I was forty, I was free from confusion; when I was fifty, I had enough to understand the destiny; at sixty At the age of seventy, you can obey the destiny; at the age of seventy, you can finally do whatever you want, and everything you do conforms to the rules. (The Analects of Confucius)

19. Be true to your words and be resolute in your actions. (The Analects of Confucius, Zilu) Be trustworthy when you speak and be decisive when doing things.

20 His body is upright and he does not follow orders. His body is not upright, even though he does not obey orders. (The Analects of Confucius, Zilu) The words and deeds of those in power are correct. Even if they do not issue orders, the people will follow them. His words and deeds are not upright. Even if he gives orders, the people will not obey him.

21. If the name is not correct, the words will not be correct. (The Analects of Confucius, Zilu) If the name is improper, then the reason will not make sense.

22. If a person has no long-term worries, he must have immediate worries. (The Analects of Confucius, Wei Linggong) If a person does not have long-term plans, he will have immediate worries.

23. A gentleman does not use words to promote others, nor does he use people to waste words. (The Analects of Confucius, Wei Linggong) A gentleman does not recommend people based on words alone, nor does he invalidate his words based on people alone. A gentleman will not use someone because his words are good, nor will he discard his useful words just because he does not use them.

24. A little impatience will mess up a big plan. (The Analects of Confucius, Wei Linggong) Being impatient with small things will affect the overall situation and ruin big things.

25. If a worker wants to do his job well, he must first sharpen his tools. (The Analects of Confucius, Wei Linggong) If a worker wants to do a good job, he must first sharpen his tools. (The original meaning of this sentence is to explain the way to practice benevolence, which is to first serve the sage and make friends with the benevolent. The current meaning is "the skill of sharpening the knife and chopping firewood by mistake") Lee: To make...sharp.

26. Be tireless in learning and teaching. (The Analects of Confucius) Study diligently and never get tired of teaching others.

27. If you are not angry, you will not be enlightened; if you are not angry, you will not be angry. (The Analects of Confucius) Don't enlighten him until he wants to understand but can't understand; don't guide him until he wants to say but can't explain clearly. Anger: a state of mind that wants to understand but has not yet understood, that is, the state of being full of energy and excitement when full of curiosity. Defamation: refers to the state of wanting to express something in language but has not yet found the right words.

28. A gentleman is magnanimous, but a villain is always concerned. (The Analects of Confucius·Shuer) A gentleman is broad-minded, but a villain is always sad.

Open-minded: broad-minded, open-minded and tolerant. Chang Qiqi: often sad and troubled.

29. If you are a person of three, you must have a teacher; choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones. ("The Analects of Confucius·Shuer") If three people walk together, there must be someone among them who can be my teacher. I choose his good qualities to learn from him, and when I see his bad qualities, I use them as a reference to correct my own shortcomings.

30. When you see a virtuous person, think about them; when you see a virtuous person, you should introspect yourself. ("The Analects of Confucius: Li Ren") When you see others' good moral qualities, you should learn from them with an open mind and emulate them; when you see others' bad moral performance, you should reflect on yourself. (Have you made any similar mistakes to his)?

31. A gentleman is likened to righteousness, and a villain is likened to benefit. ("The Analects of Confucius: Li Ren") A gentleman understands great justice, while a villain only knows small gains.

32. The three armies can seize the commander, but an ordinary man cannot seize the will. (The Analects of Confucius Zihan) An army can be deprived of its commander, but a man cannot be deprived of his ambition. The three armies: the general name for the army. Peifu: When a couple matches each other, they are called Peifu and Peifu separately, so Peifu refers to a man.

33. When the year is cold, you will know that the pines and cypresses will be followed by the carvings. ("The Analects of Confucius·Zihan")

When the weather is cold, we realize that the pines and cypresses are the last to wither. Diao: Same as "withering", falling.

34. When a bird is about to die, its song is mournful; when a man is about to die, his words are also kind. ("The Analects of Confucius·Tabo")

When a bird is about to die, its chirping sound is sad; when a person is about to die, his words are also kind.

35. Those who know are not as good as those who are good at it, and those who are good at it are not as good as those who are happy. ("The Analects of Confucius Yong Ye")

Those who know it are not as good as those who like it, and those who like it are not as good as those who take pleasure in it.

36. It’s better to learn and practice from time to time. ("The Analects of Confucius·Xueer")

It is a pleasure to study and then review frequently. Time: often. Study: review. Said: Same as "Yue", happy.

37. It is a joy to have friends from far away. "The Analects of Confucius.Xueer" Isn't it a happy thing to have friends come from far away? Note: Zi, Cong

38. Don’t do to others what you don’t want others to do to you. "The Analects of Confucius. Yan Yuan" Translation: Don't impose on others what you don't want. Note: Desire, want to give, give

39. The wise are happy in water, and the benevolent are happy in mountains. "The Analects of Confucius. Yan Yuan" Wise people like water, and benevolent people like mountains. Zhi, the same as "wisdom", joy, like

40. It is tolerable, which is intolerable. "The Analects" If this can be tolerated, what else can't be tolerated? Yes, this Which: Which

41. Don’t worry about scarcity but worry about inequality; don’t worry about poverty but worry about insecurity. The Analects of Confucius does not worry about a small population but worries about political imbalance, and does not worry about poverty but about social unrest. Widowship refers to a small population. Balance does not refer to average wealth, nor does it refer to average territory and population, but refers to everyone keeping their duties and maintaining social balance.

42. The old are safe, the friends trust, the young cherish. "The Analects of Confucius" gives comfort to the elderly, trusts friends, and cares for the young.

43. Everything will be successful if it is foreseen, and it will be ruined if it is not prepared. "Book of Rites. Doctrine of the Mean"

No matter what you do, you will succeed if you prepare in advance, otherwise you will fail. Preliminary, established in advance, achievement; waste, failure

44. If jade is not polished, it will not become a tool; if a person does not learn, he will not know. "Book of Rites. Records of Learning"

If jade is not carved, it will not become a jade article; if a person does not study, he will not understand the truth. Carve, carve

45. After learning, you will know your shortcomings; after teaching, you will know your difficulties. "Book of Rites. Book of Learning"

Only after studying will you know your shortcomings, and only after teaching will you know your confusion. Note: sleepy, confused, unable to understand

46. One piece and one piece of relaxation, the way of civility and martial arts. "Book of Rites. Miscellaneous Notes" governs the country with a combination of leniency and severity. This is the way of governing the country by King Wen and King Wu.

Zhang, Chi: The string on the bow is called Zhang, and the string on the bow is called Chi, which is a metaphor for strictness and width. Wen, Wu: refers to King Wen of Zhou and King Wu of Zhou.

47. Learn eruditely, interrogate it; think carefully, discern it clearly, and practice it diligently. "The Doctrine of the Mean"

Study knowledge extensively, inquire about knowledge carefully, think about knowledge carefully, distinguish knowledge clearly, and use knowledge wholeheartedly. Review, detailed

48. The journey of the great road, the world is for the public. "Book of Rites. Liyun" As long as you are upright and aboveboard, there will be fairness everywhere.

49. Reciprocity. It is impolite to go but not come; it is impolite to come but not go.

It is impolite to accept gifts from others without thinking of repaying them.

Li, originally meant etiquette and politeness. Nowadays people usually refer to gifts.

50. When the water is extremely clear, there are no fish, and when people observe it carefully, there are no disciples. (Book of Dadaili)

This sentence warns people not to be too harsh when criticizing, and not to be too harsh when looking at problems, otherwise it will easily make people unwilling to deal with them out of fear, just like water that is too clear cannot be raised. Live like a fish.

51. When heaven assigns great responsibilities to people, it must first strain their minds, strain their muscles and bones, starve their skin, deplete their body, and mess up their actions. (Mencius)

When God assigns a major mission to such a person, it must first make his heart suffer, his muscles and bones tired, his body skin hungry and thin, his body suffers from poverty, and all kinds of actions are taken to hinder and interfere with him. career. (If a person wants to survive, make a difference, and be promising, he must dare to face internal and external troubles head-on, he must go through a lot of hardships, and he must go through a life of physical and mental tempering.)

52. Born in sorrow, died in happiness. (Mencius) Worry can make people seek survival, but happiness will definitely lead to destruction.

(In other words, if a person always lives a happy life and does not think about progress, he will have no sense of worry and will perish.)

53. Lao Wu Lao , and the old of the person; the young, I am young, and the young of the person. (Mencius) Respect your own parents and elders, and also respect the parents and elders of others; cherish your own young children, and also cherish the young children of others.

54. Without rules, it is impossible to form a square or circle (Mencius). Without a compass and a ruler, a true "round" or "square" shape cannot be made. "Gui" means a compass, and "Jiu" means a straightedge. (It is a metaphor for following certain rules when doing things.)

55. If you are in the right way, you will get a lot of help, but if you are in the wrong way, you will get little help. (Mencius)

A monarch who can implement "benevolent government" will have more people to help and support him. A monarch who does not practice "benevolent governance" will have fewer people to support and help him.

56. The people are the most important, the country is the second most important, and the king is the least important. (Mencius) Put the people first, the country second, and the king last.

This is actually a Confucian "training" for monarchical dictatorship, which requires the monarch to be considerate of the people's sentiments, care about the people's livelihood, and work for the welfare of the people.

57. Wealth and honor cannot lead to sexual immorality, poverty and lowliness cannot change, and power cannot yield. This is called a true man. (Mencius)

Wealth cannot confuse his mind, poverty and lowliness cannot change his conduct, and power cannot subdue his will. This is called a real man.

58. With perseverance, gold and stone can be carved. (Xunzi)

If you keep carving, gold nuggets and stones can be carved. (Metaphorically, as long as you persevere in doing things, no matter how many difficulties you have, you can overcome them.)

59. Green comes from blue, and green comes from blue. (Xunzi)

Green is obtained from blue grass, but its color is darker than blue. (It is a metaphor for the younger generation to learn more than their predecessors through study and accumulation.)

60. The work of a slave horse must not give up. (Xunzi) A bad horse can walk for ten days without stopping (it can also walk a long distance). His success lies in keeping walking. (It is a metaphor for people with poor congenital conditions. As long as they work unremittingly, they can achieve great achievements.)

61. Water can carry a boat, and water can overturn it. "Xunzi Wang Zhi" Water can both carry and carry Moving forward on the boat can also cause the boat to capsize.

This sentence profoundly points out that everything has a dual nature. Good things will lead to bad results if they are not properly guided, and bad things can lead to good results if they are properly directed.

62. The people are not afraid of death, but why should they be afraid of death? "Laozi Tao Te Ching" Nai He: why; fear: to intimidate the common people

The common people are not afraid of death, why are they still afraid of death? to intimidate them. (This sentence was put forward by Laozi who opposed the use of harsh punishments to govern the world.)

63. Misfortunes are where blessings depend; blessings are where misfortunes lie. "Laozi·Tao Te Ching" Misfortune is It is a prerequisite for happiness, and happiness also contains elements of disaster.

(Good things and bad things can be transformed into each other. Under certain conditions, blessings will turn into disasters, and disasters can also turn into blessings.)

64. Skynet is huge, sparse Without forgetting that "Laozi" says that God is fair and evildoers will be punished. It may seem very careless, but in the end a bad person will not be let go.

(It means that people who do evil cannot escape the punishment of the law.)

65. Words of faith are not beautiful, and beautiful words are not believed. "Laozi Chapter 81" True and trustworthy words are not beautiful, and beautiful words are not What is true and trustworthy means that what is beautiful is not true and what is true is not beautiful. (Here Lao Tzu regards beauty and truth as opposites and incompatible. This is an exposure and attack on the fraud and ugliness that existed in the society at that time, which used beautiful words to cover up the false essence. There is an important criticism Meaning and value. )

66. The tree of Hebao is born at the end of the hair. The nine-story platform rises from the base of the earth. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. "Laozi Tao Te Ching"

The big tree that can be hugged by both hands grows from small seedlings. The nine-story tower was built from a pile of earth. A journey of a thousand miles begins with the first step. (It is a metaphor that the achievements of things develop from small to large, from low to high, from near to far. These certain steps must be done step by step and cannot be rushed.)

67. My life also has a limit. And there is no limit to knowledge. "Zhuangzi·Health Preservation Master" Sheng: life. Ya: margin, limit, Zhi: knowledge.

My life is limited, but knowledge is infinite.

That is to lament the helplessness of limited life to infinite knowledge

68. The friendship between gentlemen is as light as water, and the friendship between villains is as sweet as wine. "Zhuangzi·Shanmu" Li, here means sweet wine. Gentlemen share the same goals and seek no personal gain. Their friendship seems as weak as water. Villains put profit first when making friends, and they are often intimate and affectionate. Their friendship is as sweet as fine wine.

69. Canglin is a solid place to know etiquette, and enough food and clothing is enough to know honor and disgrace. "Guanzi" Canglin: a warehouse for storing grain.

Only when the country has sufficient warehouses for storing grain, the people will know the red tape and etiquette. Only when the country has enough food and clothing, will the people know the glory and shame.

(Reveals the relationship between the construction of two civilizations. Spiritual civilization must be based on material civilization.)

70. Know your enemy and yourself, and you can win a hundred battles "Sun Tzu's Art of War·Conspiracy" Attack》Know yourself and your enemy, and you will never fail in a hundred battles. That is, if you can understand the situation of both the enemy and ourselves, you can be invincible in a war. (A metaphor for making full preparations before doing something.)

71. Those who do will always succeed, and those who do will always arrive. "Yanzi Chunqiu" says: actually do it. walk. To: arrive at the destination.

Those who work hard can often succeed, and those who move forward tirelessly can often achieve their goals.

72. Doubtful actions will lead to no success, and doubtful actions will lead to no success. "Shang Jun Shu·Gengfa" Hesitation in action will not accomplish anything, and hesitation in doing things will not lead to success.

73. The road is long and long, and I will search for "Li Sao" from top to bottom.

The world is so vast and the road is so far away. I will look for sages who have the same aspirations as me. It describes the poet's exploration of the future path

74. A ruler is short, an inch is long. (Chu Ci) short: insufficient, long: more than enough. Each metaphor has its strengths and weaknesses, and each has its merits.

75. Running water does not rot, and door hinges do not suffer from beetles. (Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals·All)

Flowing water will not stink, and door shafts that rotate frequently will not rot. It means that things that move frequently are not easily corroded.

76. A wise man will lose something after a thousand worries; a fool will gain something after a thousand worries. (Historical Records·Biography of Marquis Huaiyin) No matter how smart a person is, he will definitely make individual mistakes in many times of consideration. Ordinary people will be right once in many considerations.

77. The peach and plum trees do not speak, but they make their own mistakes. "Historical Records: Biography of General Li" originally meant that the peach tree does not attract people, but because it has flowers and fruits, people walk around under it, and it makes people walk under it. A small road. It is a metaphor that as long as people are sincere and loyal, they can move others.

78. It is impossible to determine the radius without rules, and it is impossible to be straight without guidelines. (Huainanzi)

Measurement cannot be carried out without instruments, and the corresponding operating rules must be followed when using instruments. (It is a metaphor that many of the standards for weighing things are now out of order and cannot form a circle. It means that without the constraints of rules, it is impossible to become a useful talent)

79. It is better to retreat and build a net if you are envious of fish in the abyss. . "Huainanzi·Speaking of Lin Xun"

It is better to go home and build a net while standing by the water if you want to catch fish. (A metaphor that only wishes but no measures will be of no benefit to the matter.)

80. A slight difference can make a huge mistake. "Book of Rites·Jingjing"

Although the difference is very small at first, it will lead to big mistakes in the end. (A metaphor for being cautious in doing things and not making any mistakes)

81. It’s hard to live up to your reputation. "Book of the Later Han·Huang Qiong Biography" Sheng: big; vice: commensurate, consistent. For people with a great reputation, it is often difficult for their actual talents and virtues to match their reputation. Refers to the fact that reputation may often be greater than reality. Used to express modesty or self-discipline.

82. Lost in the east corner, gained in mulberry and elm. "Book of the Later Han Feng Yi Zhuan" East corner: the place where the sun rises in the east, refers to the morning; mulberry and elm: refers to the setting place, also refers to the sunset. The metaphor starts out failing in one aspect and ends up winning in another.

83. When you are poor, you are strong; when you are old, you are strong. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty·Ma Yuan Biography" empty: poverty.

The poorer the situation, the stronger the will should be. The older you are, the stronger your body should be.

84. Sincerity adds, gold and stone will be lost/Sincerity adds, gold and stone will open. (Book of the Later Han Dynasty)

Wherever a sincere heart goes, even things as solid as gold and stone will be opened.

85. If a young man does not work hard, the old man will be miserable. (Han Yuefu) Boss: Old. Disciple: If you don’t study hard when you are young, you will only be sad when you are old. (Encourage the world to cherish time and make a difference)

86. Don’t make achievements in vain, and don’t fake your reputation (Answering the Guest) You can’t defraud your fame, and you shouldn’t fake your reputation

< p>87. A fire broke out at the city gate, affecting the fish in the pond. (Customs)

There was a fire at the city gate. Everyone went to the moat to get water. The water ran out and the fish died. It is a metaphor for suffering loss or disaster due to being involved.

88. Don’t do evil things because they are small, and don’t do good things because they are small things. (Three Kingdoms) Don’t do even small bad things; but do even small good things.

89. After three days of separation, treat each other with admiration. "Three Kingdoms·Wu Zhi·Lu Meng Biography" means that others have made progress and cannot be viewed with the same old eyes.

90. Without indifference, there is no clear ambition, and without tranquility, there is no way to reach far.

(Three Kingdoms)

Only by living a simple and plain life can you show your ambitions; only by being stable and quiet can you broaden your horizons.

91. Work hard and die. (Romance of the Three Kingdoms·Zhuge Liang's "Later's Discipline") Bow: to show respect and prudence. Exhausted: to exhaust all the hard work. Finished: finished. It means to be diligent and devoted, to fight for the revolution and the people for life.

92. The old man is always ambitious, but his ambition is far away; the martyr is still ambitious in his old age. (Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao's "The Turtle Sustains Life")

Ji: a good horse, a thousand-mile horse; Fang: a manger, a place where horses are raised. Martyr: A hero with great ambition. Has: stopped, decayed.

It is a metaphor that an ambitious person still has great ambitions even though he is old. When a hero reaches old age, his ambition does not diminish.

93. When the Duke of Zhou vomits food, the world returns to its heart. (Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao's "Dan Ge Xing") describes the eagerness for talent to express the thirst for talent

94. Those who are close to Zhu are red, and those who are close to Mo are black. (Prince Shao Fu Zhen - Eastern Jin Dynasty Fu Xuan) Those who rely on cinnabar become red, those who rely on ink become black. It is a metaphor that getting close to good people can make people become good, and getting close to bad people can make people bad. It means that the objective environment has a great influence on people. (Metaphor that people will change their habits due to the influence of the environment)

95. A leopard can be seen through a tube. (Book of Jin, Biography of Wang Xianzhi)

Looking at the leopard through the small hole in the bamboo tube, you can only see a stripe on the leopard's body. (It is a metaphor for seeing only part of something, which means that what you see is incomplete or only a little gained.)

96. Even if the father is not dead, the disaster will not end. (Book of Jin, Li Mi Biography)

Unless Qingfu is killed, the disasters in Lu will not stop. (It is a metaphor that if the culprits of civil strife are not eliminated, there will be no peace.)

97. Standing alone, surrounded by shadows. (Western Jin Dynasty, Li Mi Biography, Chen Qing Biao) Qingqiong: the appearance of loneliness; Jie: loneliness; Shape: refers to the body; Hang: condolences.

Alone, only comforting each other with my own figure. (Describing being helpless and very lonely.)

98. Enjoy the wonderful articles and analyze the doubts. (Tao Yuanming immigrated in the Eastern Jin Dynasty)

When encountering unusual articles, they must be reviewed together, and doubts must be analyzed (a metaphor for reading seriously, carefully, and hard)

99. Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, you can leisurely see Nanshan Mountain. (Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was drinking) Nanshan: generally refers to the mountain peak

When I was picking chrysanthemums under the east wall, I felt leisurely, and suddenly I looked up and saw the wonderful holy scene of Nanshan

100. What do you ask me? If you are able, your mind is far away and you are biased. (Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, drinking)

Ask yourself why you can do this. As long as you have a high ambition, you will naturally feel that the place you live is secluded.