Gu Yanwu's "Rizhilu"

There is the destruction of the country; there is the destruction of the world. Is there a difference between subjugating the country and subjugating the world? It is said that changing one's surname to one's name is called the subjugation of the country; being full of benevolence and righteousness, and leading beasts to eat people, and people eating each other, is called the subjugation of the world. Why did people in the Wei and Jin Dynasties destroy the world through their simple talk? This is what "Mencius" calls Yang and Mo's words, which makes the world have no father and no king, and is like a beast. In the past, Ji Shao's father Kang was killed by King Wen of Jin Dynasty. During the revolution of Emperor Wu, Shan Tao recommended him to serve as an official. During the Shao period, he stayed in a private house and refused to leave. Tao said, "I have been thinking about you for a long time. There is still news in the four seasons of heaven and earth, but what about people?" ! It was recited for a while and regarded as a famous saying. But they don't know that they are betraying justice and hurting the religion, and that they are leading the world without a father! The man Shao Zhi was in Jin was not a king; if he forgot his father and served him as a king, he would have been fatherless for more than thirty years before his death, and that would have been a long time. And how could Dangyin's death be enough to atone for his sins? ! Moreover, when he first entered the officialdom, did he know that there would be a defeat in Chengyu, and that he could establish a reputation for loyalty that would be used later in his life?

Since Zhengshi, the great righteousness has been unclear and has been biased towards the world. For example, Shan Tao, who is the leader of evil doctrines, makes Ji Shao's virtuous people and commits crimes against the world, regardless of the incompatibility of evil and right doctrines. If you say that Shao is loyal, then you must say that Wang Pei is unfaithful and then you can do it. Why is it strange that the prime minister led his ministers to Liu Cong and Shi Le and watched his old master drinking in Qingyi but did not try to move his heart? This is why you know how to protect the world, and then you know how to protect your country. Those who protect the country, their king and his ministers, and those who eat meat seek it. Those who protect the world are so humble as ordinary people, how can they be held responsible?

Reducing the above paragraph to "everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the world" is obviously an omission. 1) The "world" above has a specific semantic meaning, which is in the cultural sense.

2) The semantics of "whoever protects the world, how can an ordinary man be held responsible" is different from "every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world". The latter simply means that the responsibility lies with the ordinary man, while the former refers to the rulers and the common people. Being responsible has a very different meaning