Kindergarten education is a lively and active educational process in which teachers guide children purposefully and systematically in various forms. Kindergarten activities are vivid, interesting and full of vitality, which is of great significance to the early education of children, the improvement of unity and cooperation ability and the shaping of basic personality. Through the design of daily education activities in kindergartens, help children learn and promote development; Can cause teachers to think and choose behavior strategies; It can optimize the activity process and improve the activity efficiency.
First, clear the goal and understand the classification.
The determination of kindergarten target system meets the needs of social development and helps to promote the all-round and harmonious development of children; Adapt to the needs of children's development and respect children's individual differences; Adapt to the needs of teachers' professional development and provide help for teachers to implement education. The goal orientation of kindergarten education activities mainly includes behavior goal, generation goal and performance goal. In educational practice, the compilation and expression of educational activity objectives should be operable, avoid being too general, general and abstract, and be clear, accurate and detectable.
A goal should be achieved through a variety of activities, and an activity points to a variety of goals. Starting from the structure of kindergarten education activities, it includes two categories: subject structure education activities and theme unit structure education activities.
From the characteristics of kindergarten education activities, it can be divided into three categories: life activities, game activities and learning activities.
From the nature of kindergarten education activities, it can be divided into two categories: children's own educational activities and teachers' preset educational activities.
Starting with the organizational forms of kindergarten education activities, including group activities, district corner activities and individual activities.
As long as teachers know the orientation of goals and the classification of activities, they can optimize the activity process well.
Second, pay attention to routines and skillfully optimize them.
1, the importance of routines
A day's work and rest in kindergarten is very important and necessary. It is the class rules and regulations that children should always abide by, and it is the basic code of conduct that children should abide by in various activities in kindergartens. The establishment of the law of daily life is not only the need of collective education for children, but also can promote children to form good health habits, living habits and behavior habits, and is also conducive to promoting the harmonious development of children's physical and mental health and cultivating children's good emotions. Once the daily rules are formed, children will know when to do things, what to do and what not to do. It is very helpful for teachers to complete teaching guarantee and class management.
2. The significance of establishing routines.
The establishment of one-day routine is of great significance to kindergarten education: 1, and one-day routine helps children adapt to the collective environment of kindergarten. 2. A daily routine helps children learn how to live in a group. 3. A day's work and rest can maintain the order of class activities. 4. A day's work and rest can help nurses organize class activities.
There is such a famous educational saying, "Sowing behavior, harvesting habit. Sowing habits and harvesting character. " In other words, good behavior habits can be cultivated through education, and the cultivation of behavior habits also begins with children. The younger the individual, the greater the plasticity of behavior, and the more prone to dynamic stereotypes. The formation process of daily affairs is an effective way to cultivate children's good behavior habits. Teachers should not only regulate children's correct behavior, but also make children understand the necessity of establishing "rules and systems" in collective life. It will have a far-reaching impact on children's adaptation to social development.
3. Traditional autonomy
The healthy development of children's body and mind, the natural expression of children's nature, should give children the right and opportunity to choose freely, not too dead. Children should be allowed to interact freely and actively with their surroundings to promote their physical and mental development. Teachers should let children know that daily life is not used to discipline and restrict all children's activities, but to help children live a good group life. A day's routine implies freedom, and freedom permeates the routine.
Creating a relaxed, democratic and free spiritual environment for children is an effective means to promote children to actively abide by various rules. Let children live in a relaxed and free atmosphere, feel the love of teachers, and not be afraid of teachers. Teachers and children should establish an equal and harmonious relationship between teachers and students. Teachers' requirements should not be imposed on children, and children should be involved in the formulation of routine. The process of participating in routine formulation is actually a process of arousing children's thinking. For example, after getting up from a nap, you should fold the quilt. The bed is so small that it is difficult to fold. Some children stack quilts on the ground, which is unsanitary. Grasping contradictions can organize children to discuss: where should I fold? How to fold it? Because children are familiar with things, they put forward ideas and ways to demonstrate them in front. Therefore, children's own ideas are more influential and easier to follow than teachers' suggestions. Various rules like this can be made on the basis of mutual discussion between children and understanding between teachers and students. Therefore, teachers should understand children's needs and become their bosom friends.
4. Routine is the foundation and optimization is the result.
Do the routine well, and the design of the day's activities will be handy. For example, in the lesson plan design of one-day activities, teachers evaluate children's skills, cognition, emotion and behavior in one-day activities. The contents include: daily maintenance: such as opening windows for ventilation, disinfecting tea cups, and preparing enough safe drinking water for the day; Do a good job of random maintenance: for example, help children drink water to go to the toilet, help children get dressed, help children wipe their noses and sweat, and observe whether their emotions are normal. In classroom teaching, teachers choose teaching activities in textbooks according to the theme development, and adjust and design teaching activities that meet the development level of children in this class, covering five major fields.
During the day's activities, all the teachers are full of energy and well-prepared, making reasonable plans, keeping them in mind and infiltrating their implementation into the day's activities. After each one-day activity, under the organization of the park leaders, teachers get together to exchange the one-day activities that day. Teachers speak freely, exchange what is worth learning, and make suggestions for the teachers who present the report. In the communication, we discuss the confusion together. In the future work, the kindergarten will strengthen the discussion according to the problems and improve the quality of the day's activities.
By observing and commenting on the activities of the day, teachers will form a learning atmosphere of mutual learning, and they will be more aware of their current situation and their efforts. In the targeted improvement and implementation, we will constantly improve and improve our ability and quality of organizing children's day activities. In order to improve the quality of children's daily activities and standardize the process of each link; Improve the ability and level of teachers to organize daytime activities, endow all aspects of children's daytime life with educational significance, and make life educational.
Third, pay attention to practice and live teaching materials.
(1) Integration with various festivals
In order to cultivate children's awareness of protecting the environment and loving nature, and form a good habit of caring for the green environment, many kindergartens will carry out "Parent-child Arbor Day" activities.
Before the activity, the teacher will introduce the significance of planting trees, the common sense of caring for young trees and the safety requirements in the activity to parents and children. Under the leadership of parents and teachers, children hang carefully drawn small green paintings in the green belt of kindergartens and turn into small green guards one by one. They personally picked up shovels and kettles and planted hopeful saplings in the garden. During the activity, the children were very excited. They are like a group of happy birds, harvesting the hard work and happiness of sowing.
(2) Family education and parent-child activities
Parents' open days are held in kindergartens every semester. For example, small classes will carry out unlimited painting and parent-child activities, revealing strong parent-child feelings. Kindergarten teachers use their brains to provide children with various materials according to their age characteristics, so that children can experience it personally and feel the endless fun brought by artistic activities in the experience. Now teachers choose a very popular material "T-shirt" according to the seasonal situation, so that parents can also participate in painting and design beautiful T-shirts together. The teacher chooses T-shirts of the same style and different colors, and each color represents a class. The teacher prepared various colors of paints and markers for parents and children. Parents and children cooperate with each other in the whole parent-child activity. They made a new ordinary T-shirt with dexterous hands, some decorated with cute cartoon patterns, some painted two hearts, some decorated with small hands and big hands, and some decorated with irregular color blocks. In the hands of parents and children, ordinary T-shirts have become unique works of art. ..
The atmosphere of the whole activity was relaxed, which not only made parents and children experience the fun of painting, but also made children feel the love, encouragement and affirmation from parents during the activity.
Combined with the training goal and activity goal of kindergarten, the one-day activity is optimized in detail, and the contents, goals and requirements of each work are given, which has certain enlightenment and reference for kindergarten work. As long as the day's activities are constantly optimized and careful teachers are good at capturing the bits and pieces of life, it is not difficult to find that "there is life everywhere in the classroom, and there is life everywhere in the classroom".