Historical figures refer to figures who have played an important role in historical development, left footprints in the long history, have clear records in history, and played a role in promoting the development of human history. , evaluating historical figures is of great significance to studying the evolution of human history. The following is the accumulation and application of classic historical figures materials that I have compiled for you. I hope it will be helpful to you.

1. Confucius

Confucius (551 BC-479 BC), whose name was Qiu and whose courtesy name was Zhongni. A native of Lu in the late Spring and Autumn Period, he was the founder of Confucianism and a great thinker and educator in China.

(1) Characters and events

Perfection Confucius attached great importance to the content and form of music. He praised the perfect art forms of the ancient music and dance "Shao" and "Nine Bian". "The Analects of Confucius Shuer": "When Zi heard "Shao" in Qi, he didn't know the taste of meat in March." Confucius commented that "Shao" is perfect. In addition to highly praising the artistic expression of the Zhou Dynasty music and dance "Da Wu", they criticized its content that showed King Wu of Zhou's war achievements in defeating the Zhou Dynasty and destroying the Shang Dynasty: ""Da Wu" is perfect but not perfect."

Confucius said: "Being rich and noble without justice is like floating clouds to me." In Confucius' mind, doing justice is the highest value of life. When there is a conflict between wealth and poverty and morality, he would rather suffer poverty than live in poverty. Will give up morality. But his desire to live in poverty and enjoy the Tao cannot be seen as not seeking wealth, but only seeking to maintain the Tao. Confucius once said: "Wealth and honor are what people want. If you don't get it by the way, you won't get it. Poverty and lowliness are what people hate. If you don't get it by the way, you won't get it." " If you are rich and can ask for it, even if you are a man with a whip, I will do it. If you can't ask for it, do what you like. "

"Being angry and forgetting to eat, being happy to forget about worries" once said this when he was 63 years old. Himself: "He who is so angry that he forgets to eat, and who is so happy that he forgets his worries, does not know that old age is coming." At that time, Confucius had led his disciples to travel around the country for nine years. After going through many hardships, he not only failed to gain the trust of the princes, but also almost died, but Confucius was not discouraged. Still optimistic and adhering to your ideals, even when you know you can't do them.

A gentleman is poor. Confucius arrived in the state of Chen and stayed at the home of Zhenzi (a senior official in the state of Chen) in Sicheng for three years. When the Chu State heard that Confucius was between Chen and Cai, they hired Confucius and planned to seal the land of 700 miles around the registered community to Confucius. Confucius went to pay homage and returned the gift. He moved from Chen to Cai and was besieged. He could not travel and was deprived of food. The disciples who followed him were exhausted and too hungry to stand up. But Confucius still "taught and recited string songs without interruption" (teaching and reciting, playing and singing, and teaching poems, books, etiquette and music without interruption). Zilu was angry and came to see Confucius and said, "Is it true that a gentleman is poor?" Confucius said, "A gentleman is poor, but a villain is poor. (A gentleman can stick to poverty without wavering, but a villain will do whatever he wants when he is poor.)" Warning. When a gentleman is in trouble, no matter what happens, he should maintain his integrity and morality.

Confucius, who passed away like a man, stood at the foot of Nishan Mountain, looking at the rolling Liao River, and was moved by the scene. He couldn't help but sigh: "He passed away like a man, who did not give up day and night!" Confucius was among the common green waves of flowing water. After discovering the profound truth, the frustration flowed away like water. Later, Zhuangzi had a similar sigh in "Zhuangzi Zhibei You": "The world between life and heaven is like a white colt passing by, suddenly passing by." It means that time passes very quickly, which is also the origin of "white colt passing by."

A harsh government is more fierce than a tiger. Confucius passed by Mount Tai and saw a woman crying and wailing beside a tomb, so he asked about it. The woman replied: "My father-in-law was eaten by a tiger!" Confucius asked Zilu: "Why don't you leave this place?" The woman replied: "Because there is no tyranny here with excessive taxes and miscellaneous taxes." Confucius said to his disciples : "A harsh government is more harmful to people than tigers!"

Waiting for price Confucius lobbied the princes and wanted to be reused, but he was hit by obstacles everywhere. He was very sentimental and often secretly complained about himself. One day, Zigong got a beautiful jade and came to ask Confucius whether he wanted to keep it or find someone who knew how to sell it. Confucius sighed loudly: "It's okay to sell it, it's okay to sell it! I treat Jia Zhi the same way!" It means: Sell it, sell it, I am waiting for someone who knows the goods. It is a metaphor for waiting for talents who appreciate themselves to come out to serve.

(2) Material use

Topic 1: The calmness of mountains and the agility of water

Material processing: Confucius is the founder of Confucianism. Over the years, many people They all believe that one of the major characteristics of Confucianism is conservatism and old-fashionedness. It regards ancient times as its golden years and only pays attention to "the way of the ancient kings" without paying attention to the changes in things. Confucius is a square and pedantic scholar. In fact, Confucius, who "believed in and loved the past", used his own understanding of morality and his expectations for the times to give a new interpretation of the classics. He not only regards benevolence as "like a mountain" as the highest moral standard, but also utters the sentiment "the dead are like this" that has made wise men throughout the ages scream; he not only explains "change" extremely poetically, Moreover, he practices it personally, recruits and teaches disciples, and uses practical actions to transform souls. If he is afraid of "change" and does not believe in the possibility of things being updated, he will not become a soul engineer or the first professional teacher in Chinese history. What is unique about him as a Chinese philosopher is that his "change" is like the growth of all things, a silent and natural process. The ideal development in his mind does not cut off the thread of tradition, but is based on tradition, like a mountain. The trees in the middle grow continuously. (Excerpt from "Forever Green and Forever China")

Topic 2: Frustration

Material processing: Confucius was unsuccessful in his life. But Confucius did not fear or escape, and treated life with an optimistic attitude. Confucius is no worse than Laozi and Zhuangzi in terms of being happy with heaven and knowing destiny, and being knowledgeable and contented. "Kong Yan's happy place" is a summary of this attitude towards life.

When Confucius was traveling around the country, he was besieged by the Kuang people. The situation was very urgent at that time. Confucius said: "Since King Wen is gone, how can Wen not be here? Heaven will lose Siwen, and the deceased will not be able to compare with Siwen. Heaven has not lost Siwen, what will Kuang people do!" Sima Huanmao of the Song Dynasty wanted to harm Confucius. Confucius said: "I am born with virtue, how can Huan Kui do it?"

"The Analects of Confucius: Shuer" expresses Confucius' ambition to be good to the world. At the same time, it is also Confucius's comfort and encouragement to himself when he encounters setbacks. It is a method of self-adjustment. (Excerpt from "The Charm of Confucius' Personality Seen in The Analects")

Topic 3: Choice

Material processing: The ancient Liu Xiahui was once forced to sleep under the city. It was windy and snowy at night. , the temperature dropped sharply, and a woman who was staying with him under the city gate was about to die from the cold. Liu Xiahui held her in his arms and kept her warm with her body temperature until dawn the next day. There was no indecent act, and she was left sitting in her arms. A reputation for chaos.

No coincidence. The people of Lu have a room to themselves in, and their neighbor is a widow who also lives in a room alone. In the middle of the night, a storm came, and the widow's room was damaged. She wanted to go into the Lu people's room to take shelter, but the Lu people refused to accept her. The widow begged under the window: "Why don't you know kindness and don't let me in?" The Lu man said: "I heard that men and women cannot live in the same room if they are under sixty years old. You are young now and I am young too, so I dare not Let you come in." The woman said, "Why don't you learn from Liu Xiahui?" The Lu man said, "Liu Xiahui can do it, but I can't do it. I can't do it now with my own skills. "Liu Xiahui can do it." Confucius said: "How good! No one can learn like Liu Xiahui. If you want to develop in a good way, but do not follow the behavior of others, you are wise."

In Confucius’ view, Liu Xiahui’s choice was right, and so was the choice of the people of Lu. (Excerpt from "The Analects of Confucius: The Personality of Confucius")

2. Zhuangzi

Zhuangzi (approximately 369 BC - 286 BC), named Zhou, courtesy name Zixiu , a native of the eastern suburbs of Mengcheng County (now Dongcheng Road, Chengguan Town). He was a Qiyuan official and a famous thinker and writer during the Warring States Period. Zhuangzi was a representative figure of the Taoist school during the Warring States Period after Laozi. At the same time, he is also an excellent writer and philosopher. With his representative work "Zhuangzi" (also known as "Nanhua Sutra"), he expounded the essence of Taoist thought and developed Taoist theory, making it a far-reaching philosophical school.

(1) Summary of characters and events

Debate at Haoliang Zhuangzi and Huizi were playing on the bridge of Haoshui River together. Zhuangzi said: The fish swims leisurely and leisurely, which is the happiness of the fish. Huizi said: "You are not a fish, how can you know the joy of fish?" Zhuangzi said: "You are not me, how can you know that I don't know the joy of fish?" Huizi said: "I am not a son, so I don't know you." The joy is complete (and it is completely certain). Zhuangzi said: Please follow its origin.

Tzu-ri said, "You know how happy fish are?" He asked me since he knew what I knew. I know the howl of joy (let us follow the previous words. What you just said, "How do you know the happiness of fish", is that you already know that I know the happiness of fish and asked me, and I I know the fish are happy on the bridge over the ditch). "Autumn Waters"

The owl [chī] gets the rotten rat. Huizi was the prime minister of Wei, and Zhuangzi came to see him. Someone said to Huizi: Zhuangzi came and wanted to take his place. So Huizi was very panicked and searched for Zhuangzi in the capital for three days and three nights. Zhuangzi went to see him and said to him: There is a bird in the south. Its name is 铓[yuān] chick. Do you know it? The 铓 chick originates from the South China Sea and flies to the North Sea. It does not stop unless it is a parasol tree. drink. So the owl caught the rotten rat, and the phoenix chick passed by. He looked up and said, "Scare!" Now I want to scare me with my son's status in Wei. (There is a bird in the south, and its name is the phoenix chick. Do you know? The eagle eagle flies from the South China Sea to the North Sea. It will not stop if it is not a plane tree, it will not eat if it is not a bamboo fruit, and it will not drink if it is not a sweet spring water. At this moment, a falcon eagle finds a rotten mouse. The eagle chick happened to fly by in the sky. The eagle looked up at the chick and let out a roar: "Chi!" Now you also want to roar at me with your Wei State?

Material and non-material Zhuangzi walks on In the mountains, I saw a big tree with very lush leaves. The woodcutter stopped by the tree but did not cut it down. He asked them why, saying: It is of no use. Zhuangzi said: This tree will live forever because it has no wood. This tree can live a long life because it is unproductive!) Zhuangzi came out of the mountain and stayed at a friend's house. The friend was happy and asked his servant to kill geese to entertain him. The servant asked his master: One of them can sing, and the other cannot. Please kill him (one can bark, and the other cannot bark, which one should I kill)? The master said: Kill the one who can't cry. The next day, the disciple asked Zhuangzi: Yesterday, the trees in the mountain ended up with no wood. Year: The master's goose will die for lack of talent. Where will the master be? Zhuangzi smiled and said: Zhou will be between the talent and the lack of talent (I will be between the talent and the lack of talent).

Zhuang Zhou dreamed of a butterfly. Zhuangzi told a story: In the past, Zhuang Zhou dreamed of a butterfly. The dream of the butterfly is Zhou and the butterfly. Zhuangzi said that this is called materialization. A simple story not only expresses a life attitude of life as a dream, but also combines the metaphysical Tao and the metaphysical Zhuang Zhou. The relationship with the butterfly reveals that everything in the physical world, although it is ever-changing, is just the materialization of Tao. Whether it is Zhuang Zhou or the butterfly, there is no difference in essence.

Less than a year after Zhuangzi returned home, his wife died of illness. His good friend Huizi came to express his condolences. He saw Zhuangzi sitting cross-legged on the ground and singing in the basin. Huizi asked: If you live with others, your eldest son will die. It's enough to cry, but it's not too bad to sing with a drum in the pot, isn't it too bad? Isn't it too much, too unkind? Zhuangzi said: Otherwise, it is the beginning of death, how can I be so helpless! However, I am sleeping in a huge room, and I am crying. Therefore, I thought I didn't understand life, so I stopped. (That's not what I meant. When she just died, how could I not feel sad? After thinking about it, I realized that I was still an ordinary person who didn't understand the principles of life and death, and didn't understand the way of heaven and earth. If you think about it this way, you won't feel sad anymore.) He advocated that in life, one should live in peace and harmony, and people should not be optimistic and open-minded about sorrow and joy.

Zhuangzi was buried with Zhuangzi when he was about to die, and his disciples planned to use many things as a burial. Zhuangzi said: I use the heaven and the earth as my coffin, the sun and the moon as the jade, the stars as the jade, and all things as the jade. Aren't my burial utensils prepared for evil? My disciple said, "I am afraid that the black kite will eat my master." Zhuangzi said: Above is the food of the crow's kite, and below is the food of the ants. To seize the other and this, how biased is it!

(2) Use of materials

Topic 1: Self-understanding and other people Expectations

Material processing: Can you still remember Zhuangzi who ignored the state of Chu and still decided to drag his tail in the paint? This heart is like clear autumn water, and like the nobility of a boat without ties. A layman has world-class talents, but he refuses to surrender to the powerful and powerful and lives a life of poverty and poverty. Do you also want to persuade him to die and hope that he can do great things for the motherland, society and the people? Yes, Everyone hopes so.

However, Zhuangzi believes that he is a tree, a tree that defends the moon of the soul. If you insist on pulling it up and planting it in the dirty soil of society, it will wither and die immediately. Let him be a tree forever, and there will be a proud chrysanthemum accompanying him. (Excerpt from the 2004 Chongqing High School Entrance Examination Excellent Composition "The Season of Fragrant Chrysanthemums")

Topic 2: Change a different perspective

Material processing: In fact, Zhuangzi was wrong, he ignored the fish Since the spring has dried up and the fish are on land, they can only rely on each other to help each other. How can they swim to the rivers and lakes separately? And even if there is such a possibility, after experiencing each other xǔ Wet, after the hardships of mutual support, which fish can still shake its head and flick its tail to forget such an unforgettable situation?

"Forgetting each other in the rivers and lakes" is as simple as a sentence? Therefore, more people only remember Zhuangzi's connotation of mutual dependence and mutual dependence, and would rather forget that sentence of "forgetting each other in the world."

I suddenly realized that there are actually many beautiful words in the world, but they express either superficial forms or erratic artistic conceptions. However, form and artistic conception are the easiest to be blown away by wind and clouds, but it is a process to learn from each other. Because it is not easy, because it is rare, it shows the profoundness of its realm and the lasting charm, and therefore it becomes a word that becomes more and more beautiful the more you chew it in life. (Excerpt from "Summer Evening")

I occasionally read "Zhuangzi" and saw this line: When the spring dries up, the fish are together on the land, they are wet with each other, and they are soaked with foam. It is better to forget each other in the rivers and lakes.

According to Zhuangzi, in a place with almost no water, two fish can only breathe some moisture and bubbles with each other. Instead of doing this, it is better to swim separately and forget each other in the rivers and lakes.

Topic 3: Charm

Material processing: Mr. Zhuang Zhou can be said to be the most lovable figure in Chinese history, exuding an indescribable personality charm. It is difficult to summarize his life with a fair evaluation. We can say that Zhuang Zhou was a unique thinker, an essayist with outstanding literary talent, a master of humor, a king of stories, a logician, and a psychologist. A doctor is a pauper, a master who often feels lonely, a wizard who despises the powerful, a hermit who is indifferent to fame and wealth, a compassionate person, a eloquent debater, a friend who likes to argue, a pastoral poet, and a person who often quotes myths. He is an atheist, an idealist who enjoys whimsical ideas, a fisherman by the Pu River, and a singer in the fields. All this is not enough to get a glimpse of every detail of his life. He himself was also pretentious. In his eyes, ordinary people were like a nest of chirping, jumping and flapping little sparrows, bureaucrats were like a group of pigs, and literati were like quarreling monkeys. Reading the metaphor of the roc and the bird, the dialogue between the river god and the sea god, and the metaphor of the frog at the bottom of the well, you can see his broad mind. (Excerpt from "Reading Zhuangzi While Busy")

3. Jing Ke

A guard at the end of the Warring States Period, his ancestor was a native of Qi, and he liked reading and fencing. The people of Wei called him "Qingqing". Later, he traveled to Yan State and was called "Jingqing" (or Uncle Jing) by the local people. Later, Tian Guang, a wise and brave and profound "jiexia" in the Yan Kingdom, recommended him to Prince Dan and worshiped him as Shangqing. Later, he failed to assassinate the King of Qin and was killed.

(1) Characters and events

1. Getting to know Gao Jianli: After Li Jingke arrived in Yan State, he got along well with a dog butcher and Gao Jianli who was good at building. Jing Ke liked to drink, and he drank with the dog butcher and Gao Jianli every day in the market of Yan State. After drinking to get excited, Gao Jianli built a building, and Jing Ke sang to the music of building a building in the market, enjoying themselves. Afterwards, they cried relatively silently, as if no one was around. Then he and Gao Jianli became close friends.

2. Tian Guang recognizes talents: Jing Ke met Tian Guang when he arrived at Yanhou. Tian Guang knew that he was not an ordinary person and admired him very much. It happened that Prince Dan of Yan fled back to Yan after being a hostage in Qin, seeking revenge on the King of Qin. Ju Wu recommended Tian Guang, and Tian Guang recommended Jing Qing. However, Prince Dan did not trust Tian Guang. Tian Guang believed that when elders do things, people should not be suspicious; if a person does things alone but makes people suspicious, he cannot be regarded as a moral and chivalrous person, so he committed suicide.

3. Meeting Yan Dan: In order to assassinate the King of Qin, Prince Dan of Yan entrusted Jing Ke with a great responsibility, and begged Jing Ke not to be humble and refuse, so he respected Jing Qing as a high minister and invited him to stay in a high-class hotel.

The prince came to greet him every day, prepared the most sumptuous banquet, and soon presented him with rare items, carriages, and other items. Jing Ke felt the sincerity of Prince Dan, so he conspired with him.

4. Strategy Fan Yu (wū) Qi: Fan Yuqi was originally a Qin general, but he offended the King of Qin and fled to Yan. Only by dedicating the head of General Fan and the map of Dukang of Yan to the King of Qin, the King of Qin will be happy to receive Jing Ke, and then have the opportunity to assassinate the King of Qin. Jing Ke knew that the prince couldn't bear it, so he went to see Fan Yuqi privately behind the prince's back and persuaded him with reason. Fan Yuqi committed suicide and died.

5. Yishui Xiaoxiao: The prince and the guests who knew that Jing Ke was going to assassinate King Qin all came to see Jing Ke off in plain clothes. Above the Yishui. Gao Jianli was building a building, Jing Ke was singing in harmony, and the soldiers all shed tears as the voice of rebellion. He went forward again and sang: "The wind is blowing and the water is cold, and the strong men will never come back once they are gone!" The feathers again sounded so generous that all the soldiers filled their eyes and raised their fingertips. So Jing Ke drove away and ignored him.

6. Conspiracy with Meng Jia: Jing Ke brought a gift worth thousands of gold to Meng Jia, the concubine among the favored ministers of the King of Qin. Meng Jia first spoke to the King of Qin on behalf of Jing Ke: "The King of Yan was really frightened by the majesty of the King and did not dare to send out troops to resist the King's soldiers. He would rather the whole country be the ministers of the State of Qin. I hereby cut off Fan Yuqi's head." He also presented a map of the Dukang area of ??Yan State and sealed it in a box. The King of Yan also held a farewell ceremony at the court and sent envoys to report the situation to the King and ask for his instructions. "The King of Qin was very happy when he heard the news. Happy.

7. Intelligent solution to the crisis: King Qin arranged the etiquette of nine guests and received the envoys of Yan State in Xianyang Palace. Jing Ke held the box with General Fan's head, and Qin Wuyang held the box with the map, and walked to the bottom of the steps one after another. Qin Wuyang was frightened in his heart, and his expression suddenly changed. The ministers of Qin State were all surprised and suspicious. Jing Ke turned back and smiled at Qin Wuyang, stepped forward to apologize to the King of Qin and said: "The vulgar people in the remote areas of the north have never seen the Emperor, so they are afraid. I hope your Majesty will forgive you."

8. See the dagger in the picture. : In the Qin Palace, Jing Ke took out the map and presented it to the King of Qin. After the map was displayed, the dagger suddenly appeared. Jing Ke took advantage of the situation and grabbed King Qin's sleeve with his left hand, quickly picked up the dagger with his right hand and stabbed King Qin in the chest. The dagger did not hit King Qin. King Qin was so frightened that he backed away and ran around the big copper pillar in the court hall. Jing Ke pressed hard. Although there were many officials nearby, they were all unarmed. According to Qin's rules, the warriors at the foot of the steps were not allowed to go to the palace without King Qin's order. King Qin drew his sword and cut off Jing Ke's left leg. Jing Ke couldn't stand and fell to the ground. He took the dagger and threw it at King Qin, but missed. The warriors rushed up and killed Jing Ke.

(2) Material use

Topic 1: One’s own understanding and others’ expectations

Material processing: Climbers know their own abilities, so they “give up halfway” He has no regrets, but others think he should reach the top of the mountain. But maybe the climber will die from lack of oxygen when he reaches the top of the mountain, so the climber is wise.

But Jing Ke was unwise because he could not understand himself clearly. When he was in Wei, Yuci, and Handan, people had low expectations for him. Wei Yuanjun did not use him, Gai Nie "looked at him angrily", and Lu Goujian "angrily compared him". These people looked down on him. , but he himself thought that he was not an ordinary person. He drank and sang in the city with Gao Jianli all day long, as if no one else was around. In the end, he was really noticed by Prince Dan and took on the important task of assassinating Qin. As a result, the King of Qin did not die, but Tian Guang and Fan Yuqi died first on his side. In the end, his own death was not counted, and it also accelerated the demise of Yan. When Prince Dan began to say that he could assassinate Qin, Jing Ke also said that "I'm afraid he won't be able to do anything". Unexpectedly, unable to withstand the prince's "perseverance", Jing Ke actually accepted the job regardless of this "important matter of the country". As the saying goes: "If you don't have diamonds, don't take the porcelain job." He, Jing Ke, was confused by other people's expectations. As a result, after his death, Lu Goujian laughed at him and said: "It's a pity that he didn't know how to stab the sword! I scolded the one who had the bag, and he thought I was not a human being." (2004 Chongqing High School Entrance Examination Outstanding Essay "My Own" "Understanding and other people's expectations" excerpt)

Topic 2: Emotional closeness and cognition of things

Material processing: Emotions seem to be a very ethereal thing, but it is It exists all the time and surrounds us all the time. Family, friendship, love... It is when we have feelings that life becomes more exciting. It is when we have feelings that we become human beings in the true sense.

People are always affected by their emotions when doing things. Emotions are the catalyst that promotes people's correct understanding of things. It is precisely with emotions that people have a stronger desire to recognize things and can deepen their understanding of things. Jing Ke, the man by the Yishui River who sang "The wind is blowing, now the water is cold, the heroes are gone and never come back", it was precisely because of his feelings for the country of Yan that he understood the meaning of sacrifice for the country and the value of human beings. value. In the smokeless battle against SARS, many of our lovely angels in white sacrificed their precious lives. One of them was Deng Lianxian. He said, "If you choose to be a doctor, you choose to devote yourself." From this, we can see his sincere feelings for the people and patients. It was this sincere feeling that prompted him to bravely fight on the front line of the "Anti-African War"; in the ward, it was this sincere feeling that enabled him to stay on the front line to rescue and care for patients despite the risk of infection. , and eventually died of the virus.

It can be seen that, driven by emotions, people can achieve a state of knowledge without hesitation at sacrifice. (Excerpt from the 2003 High School Entrance Examination Full Score Essay "Emotion and Cognition")

Topic 3: Choice of the Soul

Material processing: I often miss the ancient times, which was an era full of charm of personality. Behind the elegant demeanor of those gentlemen is a human structure supported by honesty, trustworthiness, and persistent beliefs. Didn't the warrior who said goodbye to his hometown miss his home country? Didn't he know the dangers and dangers of going deep into the tiger's den? He went without hesitation, with such determination, with a tone of loyalty and loyalty to the king. Full of loyalty to the oath. Did Lin Xiangru, who was holding He's jade and making an impassioned speech in the palace of the King of Qin, not know the insidiousness and greed of the King of Qin? He had already made a promise to return the jade to Zhao before setting off! He was heroically defending the country by following a difficult path of fulfilling his promise. interests and the immortal contract deep in one’s soul. (Excerpt from the 2001 Sichuan High School Entrance Examination full-score essay "Keeping the Contract of the Heart")

Topic 4: Wiseness

Material processing: In ancient times, Jing Ke was praised for his courage in assassinating Qin Zheng. Indeed, Jing Ke's courage was extraordinary. However, I always felt that Jing Ke died in a confused way. I remember the first sentence in the opening chapter of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is "The world will be united if it is divided for a long time, and it will be divided if it is united for a long time." Throughout history, this statement can be regarded as a wise saying. In the late Warring States period, China was divided into pieces by seven vassal states plus many small states. Years of wars made it difficult for the people to live. At this time, the establishment of a strong and unified empire was what the people wanted. Unfortunately, Jing Ke didn't know this. He wanted to kill the King of Qin and create a group of small and weak countries. However, Jing Ke was just a scholar after all, and the history before the Warring States period was not very long. It is not surprising that he did not understand the principle that long separation must lead to reunion. Jing Ke's death did not count. The King of Qin became angry and ordered an immediate attack on Yan. His failure to save Yan only accelerated Yan's demise. Jing Ke was really miscalculated. Therefore, Jing Ke not only failed to save Yan, but also accelerated Yan's demise. He was really confused. (Excerpt from "Comments on Jing Ke")