Reading notes are an applied style of writing written by people to help their memory when reading.

Since ancient times, Chinese literati and scholars have attached great importance to taking notes on reading. Taking reading notes is not only an effective means of digesting book knowledge, but also can accumulate useful materials, train the logic and organization of thinking, and improve the ability to analyze and solve problems.

Based on the reading notes written by predecessors, I would like to talk about three writing methods. One is called "Yuyao Gouxuan", one is called "collecting flowers and brewing honey", and the other is called "opening mountains and casting copper".

Let’s talk about the synopsis first. Han Yu, a famous litterateur in the Tang Dynasty, talked about his writing of reading notes in "Jin Xue Jie", saying: "Those who record events must mention their important points, and those who compile them must draw out their mysteries." He read history books that recorded events and wrote down important points. Write down the incident. He reads philosophy books and picks out the main points. Several of Han Yu's reading notes are still preserved in his collection. There is an article "Read, lt; He (he) Guanzi gt;". Quoted below, see how he wrote the summary of Gouxuan's reading notes.

There are nine out of ten chapters in "He Guanzi", and the words are mixed with Huang Laoxing's name. In his "Bo Xuan Chapter", the "Four Jis" and "Five Arrivals" are definitely mentioned. How great would be the merit of helping others when they meet him and doing good to the country! Yu San read his words and felt sad when he said, "A humble person is born useless, and his boat is lost in the middle of nowhere, with a pot worth of thousands of gold." The writing is absurd. There are five characters for thirty, three for b, and two for twenty. Note that there are two characters for ten.

He first stated how many chapters there were in this book, but did not tell who the author was or where he was from. Because there was no way to check, the author did not write down his name and place of origin. Secondly, point out what the book is about. This book belongs to the pre-Qin scholars, who are divided into many schools, so it is pointed out that "its words are mixed with Huang Lao Xing's name." Huang Lao is a Taoist who talks about the theories of Huangdi and Laozi; Xing's name is Legalism. Point out that the content of this book is both Taoist and Legalist. Let me point out the key points in this book again. There is an article called "Bo Xuan", which puts forward the theory of "Four Jis" and "Five Zhi". These requirements are all designed to govern the country. Han Yu believed that his teachings were very appropriate. If he was appointed by the king and used his methods to govern the country, the results would be many. He also quoted something from the book, saying that some things are underestimated because they are not utilized. For example, a big gourd is looked down upon by everyone. If the boat capsizes in a big river, holding a big gourd can save your life. At this time, a big gourd is worth thousands of gold. Han Yu read these words repeatedly, which caused sadness. In the book, a big gourd is used to compare talents, but talents are discarded and ignored, so they are looked down upon, which makes Han Yu sad. Han Yu also corrected typographical errors in the book, correcting 35 characters. Three of the reversed characters were ticked over, 22 typos were erased, and 12 corrected characters were noted next to them.

From this article we will see how to write summary reading notes. It’s not just about jotting down the main points of a book. First, write down how many chapters there are in this book and what the content is mainly about. Then write down what the key points are, and write down your own views on these key points and your own opinions. He also excerpted the wonderful words from it, expressed his own opinions, and finally mentioned correcting the errors in the text in the book. From the perspective of "reading the words three times and feeling sad", the word "three" is an imaginary number, indicating repeated reading. It can be seen that when Han Yu encountered the wonderful words in it, he didn't just read it, he had to read it over and over again. This is the summary reading notes written by Han Yu. It does contain key points, but you also need to write down your own views on these key points, including expressing your own feelings. It also provides a general explanation of the content of the book. That means you don't just have to read a book, you also have to think about it after reading it. You have to consider everything from the content of the book to the wonderful chapters and wonderful words, and you don't let go of the typos in the book. From here, we can not only learn how to write summary reading notes, but also learn how he reads.

Let’s talk about the reading notes of “Collecting Flowers and Making Honey”. Bees collect the sweet liquid from flowers to make honey. Honey cannot be obtained by collecting the sweet liquid from a single flower. It is collected from a variety of flowers. Some reading notes are an opinion that the author came to through comparative research after reading many books, just like bees making honey. Such reading notes are more wonderfully written and different from ordinary opinions.

...

The reading notes written in "Rizhilu" are called Kaishan Casting Copper. They often quote many books to draw a conclusion from them. If I were to copy all the books cited, there would be too many and would be inappropriate, so I would have to excerpt one conclusion. Gu Yanwu came to this conclusion from a lot of materials. The "subjugation of the country" he mentioned refers to the change of dynasty, so it is only a matter of the monarchs and ministers of that dynasty, and the official titles of that dynasty need to be considered. "Meat-eaters" refer to officials. "Destroying the world" refers to the idea that heresy is running rampant and blocking justice, destroying the entire country's education, leading to "leading animals to eat people, and people to eat each other", causing great chaos and causing the entire society to collapse. His argument was unearthed from many historical materials, so it is called Kaishan Casting Copper. Regardless of whether his argument is correct or not, in terms of the method he used to obtain this argument, it belongs to the category of casting copper from a mountain.

Explanation of the problem

In the process of reading, or It is to excerpt and copy the famous quotes and novel materials in the book, or to summarize the main points of the book's content, or to write down one's own feelings and experiences afterwards. These excerpts, summaries and words of experience are called reading notes.

This is a commonly used application style.

Reasons

Why should we keep reading notes?

First of all, it can help memory. The more knowledge the better. The enrichment of knowledge is formed by accumulation; knowledge cannot be enriched by forgetting it after reading it. You must remember that reading notes is one of the best ways to help remember and accumulate knowledge. As the saying goes: "A good memory is worse than a bad writing." This shows that taking notes can help memory.

Secondly, taking notes is also a good way to accumulate knowledge. The ancients said: There is no reading without writing and ink. That is to say, you must take notes while reading in order to accumulate knowledge. "Mengxi Bi Tan" written by Shen Kuo of the Northern Song Dynasty is a work written in the form of reading notes.

Third, taking reading notes can also help improve reading skills. Analytical ability, comprehensive induction ability and written expression ability are a kind of comprehensive training that combines the use of hands and brain, reading and writing.

From the above three points, students should pay attention to learning to write reading notes.

Operation guidance

How to write reading notes?

First of all, you should understand the types of reading notes. There are generally four types of reading notes: annotations, excerpts, outlines, and insights. When writing reading notes, you should determine what kind of reading notes to write based on the purpose of writing the notes, the type of book and your own habits.

Annotate notes. While reading, you can mark your own opinions, questions, etc. on the book, mark the key points, sub-key points, questions, etc., or make some comments and annotations on the top and bottom of the book. This kind of reading notes is simple and easy, but first of all, the book is your own, and you cannot scribble on other people's books; even if it is your own book, you should think more about it before making annotations: Is your own opinion correct? How to express it concisely and then write. Because there is not much blank space in the book, I write as I think of it. But after I write it, it feels inappropriate, so I mark the book into a mess.

Excerpt notes. It means excerpting the wonderful ideas, novel materials and famous sayings from the book for future use. There are a lot of reading notes. When taking notes on excerpts, it is best to make each excerpt its own paragraph. At the end, you should also write what book it is taken from, how many pages it is, who is the author of the book, who is the publisher, and the year it was published. These should be written at the end of the excerpt for future inspection and verification. Leave a large space between the two excerpts. This will firstly make the outline of the excerpt clear, and secondly, leave a blank space for future reading and use to make comments.

Outline notes. It is to write out the central idea, paragraph gist, content points, writing method, etc. of the book you have read in an outline.

Experience notes are to write down your own experiences, experiences, thoughts, etc. after reading.

Different reading notes have different functions and should be selected and determined based on actual conditions.

Secondly, no matter what kind of reading notes you write, there are several points that are the same and should be paid attention to.

① You must read the original work carefully. This is the prerequisite for writing good reading notes. Outline notes and experience notes should be based on reading and understanding the original text. Even if you are excerpting notes, you should also read the original text carefully.

Otherwise, your excerpt may be taken out of context, or the sentence may be broken.

②The attitude must be serious, serious and meticulous. Seriousness means respecting the original work, and do not intentionally distort the meaning of the original work, let alone deliberately take quotes out of context to achieve personal goals; seriousness means that you should read carefully, analyze carefully, and strive to grasp the main points, highlights, and highlights of the original work, and cannot be careless; meticulous , refers to excerpting the original text and proofreading it word for word, without any errors. Even the author, publisher, publication time, etc. of the original book must be remembered in detail, and don't be afraid of trouble. Because any carelessness at this time will cost you more in the future. If you want to quote this famous quote many years later, but you don't remember the name of the original author, and you want to find out the source of the famous quote, you may not even be able to find the book by then, and it won't be easy to use it even if you want to. If you remember to be careful when copying, you won't have this trouble.

Training

Please write an excerpt note. You can write famous quotes and aphorisms, or you can write a paragraph of interesting material, but you must do the following:

① The transcription of the original text must not include any mistakes in punctuation.

② In the line below the transcript, write: "Excerpted from ×××". What is the title of the book? How many pages? Where is it published? When was it published?

Reading notes are an applied style of writing written by people to help their memory when reading. Since ancient times, Chinese literati and scholars have attached great importance to taking notes on reading. Taking reading notes is not only an effective means of digesting book knowledge, but also can accumulate useful materials, train the logic and organization of thinking, and improve the ability to analyze and solve problems.

Reading notes, it doesn’t matter how many articles you wrote, how was your writing? The key is whether you are good at taking notes while reading? What does taking explicit reading notes mean to you? What is your goal? Therefore, when we check the teacher's reading notes, we not only check how many articles the teacher has written? What is more important is to look at the content of the teacher’s reading notes, the reflections on reading, reading methods, reading experience and reading goals, etc.

Reading notes are not just about writing down the main points of a book. First, write down how many chapters there are in this book and what the content is mainly about. Then write down what the key points are, and write down your own views on these key points and your own opinions. He also excerpted the wonderful words from it, expressed his own opinions, and finally mentioned correcting the errors in the text in the book. From the perspective of "reading the words three times and feeling sad", the word "three" is an imaginary number, indicating repeated reading. It can be seen that when Han Yu encountered the wonderful words in it, he didn't just read it, he had to read it over and over again. This is the summary reading notes written by Han Yu. It does contain key points, but you also need to write down your own views on these key points, including expressing your own feelings. It also provides a general explanation of the content of the book. That means you don't just have to read a book, you also have to think about it after reading it. You have to consider everything from the content of the book to the wonderful chapters and wonderful words, and you don't let go of the typos in the book. From here, we can not only learn how to write summary reading notes, but also learn how he reads.

1. What are reading notes?

As the saying goes, "You can't read without writing." Real reading must be done with the heart, mouth, eyes and hands. Write down the information or feelings you get while reading. This is reading notes.

2. Types of reading notes

1. Symbolic notes

When we read, we use symbols to describe important or questionable places in the book. Draw out various symbols (such as straight lines, curves, brackets, triangles, question marks, etc.) or write comments in the blank spaces of the book. This kind of note is symbolic note-taking.

Symbolic notes make the key issues and difficult questions in the books you have read clear at a glance, which prepares you for other forms of notes such as outline notes and excerpt notes.

Criticisms can be a summary of a section of the book, or a reflection, or a question expressed by not understanding a certain issue in the book, etc.

You need to pay attention to the following points when taking symbolic notes:

(1) The book you read must be your own. Do not make random comments on books in the library or borrowed from others.

(2) The meaning represented by each symbol should be fixed and should not be changed at will.

For example, use straight lines to express important content, use "..." to express wonderful sentences or beautiful vocabulary, use " " to express areas that should be paid special attention to, use "?" to express issues that have not yet been understood, etc. When reading books in the future, you will need to Use these symbols according to your own rules.

(3) Don’t make too many symbols. If the entire page is surrounded by circles and lines, and everything becomes the focus, it means there is no focus, and the symbol will lose its meaning.

(4) Be clear and neat. Don't make the book so dirty that you can't even read the original text clearly.

Take reading Gorky's "Haiyan" as an example:

Haiyan

On the vast sea, the strong wind rolled the dark clouds. Between the dark clouds and the sea, petrels fly proudly like black lightning.

Sometimes its wings hit the waves, and sometimes it shoots straight towards the dark clouds like an arrow, and it screams - in the brave cry of this bird, the dark clouds hear joy.

In this cry - full of desire for the storm! In this cry, Dark Cloud heard the power of anger, the flame of passion and the confidence of victory. ?

Seagulls moan before the storm comes - moaning, they fly across the sea, trying to hide their fear of the storm deep into the sea.

2. Excerpted notes

Extracted notes are to copy some incisive, philosophical and inspiring content we read in books and newspapers. Come down. This method seems more troublesome, but it is actually a good way to save time and effort and accumulate knowledge. Excerpting can deepen your understanding and memory. When you look it up in the future, you will realize the advantages of taking excerpted notes when facing the vast sea of ??books.

When taking excerpted notes, you should pay attention to the following issues:

(1) Transcribe selectively. Copy down the most useful and inspiring content in the article. Each transcribed note should be "few but precise". "Few" refers to fewer words, and "fine" refers to the key points of the content.

(2) Be faithful to the original text. There is a passage in the book that we think is very good and we want to copy it. When I was copying, I felt that a certain word was used awkwardly, so I simply replaced it with another word, but that didn't work. Since it is an excerpt, we should copy it as the author wrote it. Not only the words and sentences cannot be changed, but also the punctuation marks cannot be changed. In a paragraph, text that does not need to be excerpted before, after, or in the middle can be expressed with ellipses.

(3) The source must be indicated. Each piece of material must be indicated on which page of the book it was copied from and who the author is. If it is copied from a newspaper or magazine, the name and date of the newspaper or magazine must be written. Also indicate the title and author of the article. This will make it easier to check later.

3. Cut-and-paste notes

Cut out good articles or other useful materials in time when you see them in the newspapers and magazines you subscribe to, and organize them into cut-and-paste notes. This method is quick and easy to collect materials.

You need to pay attention to the following points when taking cut-and-paste notes:

(1) When taking cut-and-paste notes, you must classify them according to different contents. You can prepare several notebooks for pasting newspaper clippings, or divide a notebook into several parts and paste Chinese knowledge, historical knowledge, natural knowledge, etc. into them respectively.

(2) The source and time of each clipped content must be indicated. That is, which magazine or newspaper it was cut from, which year and issue, etc.

(3) Short clipping notes can also be used as the content of reading cards.

4. Reflective Notes

After reading a good book or a good article, write down your thoughts and experiences. This kind of reading note is a reflective note. Also called reflections after reading.

This kind of reading notes focuses on training students’ understanding and expression skills. It is also what our primary school students need to use when writing. How to write reflection notes, we will learn specifically in fifth and sixth grade.

[Message]

There are more ways to write reading notes than these. Students can innovate based on their own reading habits. If we compare every good article to a flower, writing reading notes is like collecting nectar among thousands of flowers.

As time goes by, we will find that reading notes has the effect of getting twice the result with half the effort in improving our reading and writing skills.

Sample essay

The following is an example of an excerpt note explaining a fable:

A fable is a magic bag. The bag is small, but a lot can be taken out of it. It can even take out items much larger than the bag.

A fable is a monster. When it comes towards you, it is clearly a story, vivid and lively, but when it turns around and goes away. But it suddenly turned into a philosophy, serious and serious.

A fable is a key, made with clever metaphors. This key can open the door to the soul, inspire wisdom, and make the mind active.

A classmate wrote this after reading "Zhan Tianyou":

After reading the article "Zhan Tianyou", my heart could not be calm for a long time.

Zhan Tianyou is a Chinese with backbone. In 1905, despite the corruption and incompetence of the Qing government and the ridicule of imperialism, he resolutely accepted the task of building the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. This was a manifestation of his patriotism and an example for me to learn from.

In order to find a suitable route, Zhan Tianyou drew and calculated under an oil lamp at night, ate and lived with the workers, and often consulted local farmers. He overcame various difficulties and completed the railway two years ahead of schedule. Thinking about myself, when doing math exercises, I am often afraid of difficulties and plagiarize my classmates’ answers. Bibi Zhan Tianyou, how ashamed I am! I am determined to follow Zhan Tianyou's example and bring glory to my motherland when I grow up.

This short "after-reading" not only expresses that Zhan Tianyou's patriotism is an example for him to learn from, but also describes that he was impressed by Zhan Tianyou's spirit of "not afraid of difficulties" and "hard study". I was moved. As a result, the content of the article seemed scattered and dry, more like a "letter of determination."

It can be seen that when writing a review, you must choose the point where you feel the most and have the deepest experience. You should highlight the key points and avoid covering everything. Of course, when writing, you must be good at association, follow the main content and spiritual essence of the original text, and combine it with your own thoughts and life reality.