43. From the end of18 to the beginning of 19, romantic literary thoughts rose. Romanticism is the product of the French Revolution.

44. Germany is the birthplace of romantic literature.

The earliest romantic writers in English literature are the so-called "Lake Poets"-Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey. Wordsworth has the highest achievement. British and American critics have always regarded Wordsworth's Preface to Lyrics as an epoch-making declaration of British romanticism.

45. Shelley is the writer most influenced by utopian socialism.

46. chateaubriand and madame de stael were pioneers of French romantic literature in the early19th century.

Miao Sai is a brilliant romantic poet and novelist. Muse is also known as Shakespeare of France. Confessions of the Son of the Century is an autobiographical novel by Miao Sai.

48. Dumas masterpiece is La Traviata.

49. Praising freedom and yearning for democracy are the themes of Russian romantic literature. Zhukovsky is the founder of Russian romantic poetry. He is called the first lyric poet in the history of Russian literature. The Decemberists poets and Pushkin are the main forces of Russian romantic literature. Lermontov's masterpiece is Contemporary Heroes.

Washington irving is the first American writer to gain international fame after the founding of New China, and is known as "the father of American literature".

Poe is the most beautiful writer in the history of American literature. He and Baudelaire of France are called the originator of western modernist literature.

52. Hawthorne was the most influential romantic novelist in America in the19th century.

Whitman is the greatest romantic poet in America and a typical American poet. His masterpiece Leaves of Grass is the product of the peak of American romantic literature. The poet used the image of a blade of grass to symbolize the energetic young America.

54. Hugo was the chief commander and leader of French romanticism. 1827, The Preface to Cromwell, a famous romantic theoretical document, is a symbol of Hugo's political progress from the royalist position and a declaration of French romanticism. Hugo put forward the famous "principle of contrast between beauty and ugliness" in the preface to Cromwell. The similarity in Hugo's novels is humanitarianism. "Work at Sea" praises the struggle between man and nature. Hugo's most important novel in his later years is 93. Notre Dame de Paris is one of Hugo's representative works, which shows the struggle between man and religion and has a strong romantic color. Tragedy World is Hugo's masterpiece, which shows the struggle between man and society.

Pushkin is an important representative of Russian romantic literature and the founder of Russian realistic literature. Known as "the father of Russian literature" and "the sun of Russian poetry". The Postman is the first Russian literature that shows the fate of little people. The poetic novel yevgeni onegin is Pushkin's most important work and the first Russian realistic poetic novel. It is the cornerstone of Russian realistic literature. Onegin is the first typical "redundant person" in the history of Russian literature.

19th century literature (2)

56. Critical realism is a term first proposed and used by Gorky.

57. France is the birthplace of critical realism literature. Flaubert is the originator of modern western novels. The masterpiece Madame Bovary.

58. The three British women writers are: Mrs. Gaskell, the earliest writer who reflected the contradiction between labor and capital in the history of European literature, and her masterpiece mary barton; Charlotte Brontexq, the representative work of Jane Eyre; Emily bronte, her masterpiece Wuthering Heights.

59. Thackeray's masterpiece in Britain is Vanity Fair.

60. Standahr was an outstanding French realist writer in the middle of19th century, and one of the founders of critical realism literature in France and Europe. The Abbey of Bama is a masterpiece completed by Standahr in only 52 days, and it is also the only successful work of the author before his death. Red and Black is his masterpiece.

Balzac is a great representative of French critical realism literature in the19th century. His Human Comedy is an extraordinary and realistic French social history. The novel "Two Wandering Men" is the beginning of his realistic novels. Human comedy can be divided into three categories: custom research, philosophical research and analytical research.

62. Dickens was a great British realist writer in the19th century, and also a major British writer who criticized realism. The dominant idea of his creation is humanitarianism. David copperfield is an autobiographical novel. Hard Times reflects the sharp contradiction between labor and capital in Britain from 1940s to 1950s. A Tale of Two Cities is one of his representative works.

Nikolai Nikolai Gogol is a great Russian writer, the founder of Russian critical realism literature and "naturalism". An Imperial Envoy is one of the representative works of Nicola Nikolai Gogol's satirical comedy. Heroic Heroine Starkovs. Dead Soul is the representative work of Nicholas Nikolai Gogol. The hero splashed on Higgins, one of the four misers. A tearful smile is the characteristic of Nicholas Nikolai Gogol's creation.

64. Dostoevsky is an expert in writing about the psychology of urban underclass civilians and criminals, such as The Poor, Crime and Punishment. Brothers karamazov is the summary of his life's creation.

19th century literature (3)

65,1The mainstream in the late 9th century is still critical realism. Zola is the most famous writer in France in the late19th century and an ardent advocate of naturalism. The representative work "Germination".

Mo Bosang is one of the three "kings of short stories" in the world literary world. (The other two are Chekhov of Russia and O'Henry of the United States). His masterpiece is The Ball of Suicide. Good Friends is the representative work of Mo Bosang's novels.

67. Bernard Shaw is an outstanding British realistic playwright. Major Barbara is his masterpiece.

68. Chekhov was the last great writer of critical realism in Russia19th century, a master of short story art and an outstanding dramatist. Cherry orchard is his last play. The short story The Man in the Trap is his masterpiece.

69. Hardy was an outstanding English realistic novelist and poet in the late19th century. The masterpiece Tess of the D 'Urbervilles.

70. Tolstoy was an outstanding representative of Russian critical realism literature in the19th century. His three masterpieces are: War and Peace, a historical novel written by 1863- 1869; Anna karenin and Resurrection, a novel written in 1873- 1877.

7 1, Ibsen is the creator of Norwegian literature and "social drama" and the founder of modern European drama. Known as "the father of modern drama". This representative works in a dollhouse.

72. There are three novels about women in the West: King Medea by euripides in ancient Greece, School for Girls by Moliere in France, and A Doll's House by Ibsen in Norway.

73. Mark Twain is an American critical realism novelist. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a typical American novel. It describes real American life in authentic American English.

20th Century Literature (I)

Lawrence is an internationally renowned English writer and the most controversial novelist in the 20th century. His masterpiece Lady Chatterley's Lover.

75. Three masterpieces of the lost generation: remarque's all quiet on the western front, Aldington's Death of a Hero and Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises.

76. O Henry is a famous American master of short stories, and is known as "Mo Bosang of America".

77. The novel Virgin Land was written by sholokhov, a Soviet writer. Silent Tang is his masterpiece. He also has a novella "Encounter".

78. The multi-volume novel Johann Christophe is an early masterpiece of French romain rolland. Christophe is a hero of Beethoven.

From 65438 to 0926, Hemingway published the novel The Sun Also Rises, thus becoming a typical representative of the "lost generation". This is the declaration of the "lost generation". Another novel, A Farewell to Arms, is also one of his masterpieces. The Old Man and the Sea is Hemingway's masterpiece, and the hero Santiago is a tough guy.

Twentieth Century Literature (2)

80. Modernism is a general term for many literary schools. Modernism is marked by anti-tradition and irrationality.

The representative writers of stream-of-consciousness novels are Joyce and Woolf in Britain, Proust in France and Faulkner in the United States.

82. The Quartet was written by the English poet Eliot.

Kafka is a representative writer of expressionist novels and the originator of modernist novels. The protagonist of Metamorphosis is Gregory.

Irish writer Joyce is a master of modernist literature and stream-of-consciousness novels in the 20th century. The protagonists in Ulysses and The Portrait of the Tomato Family are Stephen.

Twentieth Century Literature (3)

85. Sartre's existentialism emphasizes the smallness of human beings, the absurdity of the world and the meaninglessness of existence. Existentialist writers in France mainly include Sartre, Camus and Beauvoir. Sartre is the leader of existentialism philosophy and the main representative writer of existentialism. His existentialist novels mainly include Nausea, The Wall, The End of the Road and Confinement. "Others are hell" in "Confinement" has become a famous saying to reveal the relationship between people in western society and express existential philosophy.

86. The New Fiction School rose in France.

87. Beckett's Waiting for Godot is an important play of the Absurd.

Heller is a representative writer of "black humor" and a banner of "black humor". His masterpiece Catch-22 is a masterpiece of "black humor". The protagonist Youssolin is an anti-hero image saturated with existentialism.

89. Garcí a Má rquez is the most outstanding representative writer of magical realism in Latin America. The masterpiece One Hundred Years of Solitude is also a masterpiece of magical realism.

Oriental literature

90. The book of death in ancient Egypt is a huge collection of religious poems and the earliest written literature of mankind.

9 1. The highest achievement of ancient Babylonian literature is the epic The Forgotten, which is the earliest complete epic in world literature. A forgotten one, a hero.

92. The Vedas are the oldest collection of poems in India. Since then, two famous epics Mahabharata and Ramayana have appeared in the history of ancient Indian literature.

93. Fable stories are also one of the major achievements of ancient Indian literature, among which Five Books is a large collection of fables.

94. The Old Testament is a Hebrew classic.

95. Kalidu was a playwright in ancient India. Sagondaro is his masterpiece. The hero, Sagondaro.

96. "Hanging Poetry" is the representative of early Arabic poetry.

97. Ye Wan Collection is the oldest collection of Japanese songs. Matsuo Bashō is a famous haiku writer.

98. Sadi, Persian poet. The representative work "The Rose Garden".

99. The Tale of Genji is Murasaki shikibu's masterpiece and the earliest novel in the history of world literature.

100, Arabian nights is a collection of Arab folk stories in the middle ages. For example, the story of Aladdin and the magic lamp, the story of Alibaba and forty robbers, and the story of Simberta's voyage to the West.

10 1, Natsume Soseki is an outstanding representative of modern Japanese literature and enjoys a world reputation. I am a Cat is Natsume Sasaki's masterpiece.

Tagore is a landmark writer in the history of modern Indian literature. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature for Gitanjali 19 13, becoming the first oriental writer to win this honor. Shipwreck is one of Tagore's representative works.

103. In the development of Indian modern literature, Pliem Chande is a representative writer of Indian modern literature.

Yasunari Kawabata is a famous novelist in modern Japan. His works include Dancer of Izu, Snow Country, Ancient Capital and Thousand Cranes.

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