Bao Gong did exist in history, and he was an upright official in the Song Renzong Dynasty. There is little filial piety, and it is heard in the village; There is a straight festival in the evening, which is in the court? .
However, most of the stories in the TV series Bao Qingtian are adapted from traditional folk opera novels, with bizarre twists and turns and involving ghosts and gods, which is quite different from the actual Bao Gong.
There are many kinds of literary works about Bao Gong 'an, the most famous of which is Shi Yukun's Three Heroes and Five Righteousnesses in the late Qing Dynasty, which created deeply-rooted characters such as Bai Yutang, a golden retriever, and Zhan Zhao, a loyal cat, which was widely circulated among the people and was based on it? Fanwork? Emerge in endlessly,?
There are more than 1 effective toddlers in the world, such as "Little Five Righteousness" and "Continuation of Little Five Righteousness", and so on. ?
Driven by "Three Heroes and Five Righteousness", Bao Gong Opera has reached a peak. From the stage of Shaanxi Opera in the northwest to the hall meeting of Southeast Taiwanese Opera, Bao Gong with a black face and a crescent moon can be seen everywhere.
Pictured above _ The most well-known film and television image of Bao Gong, played by Jin Chaoqun
, originated from the flourishing tree in the Song Dynasty
, and also has its roots. In the Song Dynasty, when Bao Gong lived, there were already various legends about Bao Gong, which were spread by storytellers at that time in Goulan tile house. For example, "Three Appearances in Bao Long Tu" tells that Bao Gong dreamed at night and became the judge of Dongyue Temple. By guessing the riddle given by the gods, he cracked the story of a murder case. This can be said to be a precedent for Bao Qingtian to communicate with people and gods, and to interrupt people in the day and break the shade at night.
However, Bao Gong's literature and art in the Song Dynasty is still very simple. First, it is few in number, and second, it plays a supporting role in his works. Song Sigong makes a scene to ban the soul, which tells the story of the rogue Song Sigong molesting local tyrants, evil gentry and corrupt officials. Bao Gong just appears as a passerby. Another example is "A Secret Agreement between Zhang Sheng and Li Niang", which tells the story of heart breaker and an infatuated woman. Bao Gong only appeared at the last minute to uphold justice.
Pictured above _ Bao Zheng (999-July 3, 162)
Colorful Bao Gong Stories in the Yuan Dynasty
Bao Gong literature really flourished in the Yuan Dynasty. There are 11 Bao Gong dramas in existence in the Yuan Dynasty, with mature stories, complex plots, fascinating characters and fullness. Zaju in Yuan Dynasty belongs to folk art, which is ignored by scholars and scholars, and lost a lot. Bao Gong drama on the stage in Yuan Dynasty is far more than that.
Let's first introduce some legacy pearls of Bao Gong's drama in Yuan Dynasty.
"Jingle Bells as a Pot Ghost" is about a businessman, Yang Guoyong, who rode home on a donkey, was caught in a heavy rain and went to the roadside to open a porcelain kiln? Wayao Zhao? Stay at home from the rain. As a result, Mr. and Mrs. Zhao coveted a large bag of money from Liu Shichang, and they had a bad intention and poisoned Yang.
In order to destroy the corpse, Yang's body was thrown into a kiln and burned into a earthen pot. There is a retired chief in the village, Zhang Biangu, who is Zhao Da's creditor. Zhao took the earthen pot to pay off debts. Who knew that Yang Guoyong's ghosts were attached to the earthen basin, and they showed their spirits at night. The ghosts told Zhang Yinggu to take the corpse basin to find Bao Gong to report the case, and he would appear in court to accuse the murderer.
So Zhang took the basin into the yamen, but the ghost didn't appear in court. Bao Gong thought that the old man Zhang Yingu was making trouble, teasing the judge and kicking him out. Zhang suppressed the eccentric basin, and the ghost said that the door god at the entrance of the yamen blocked him and prevented him from going to court. So Zhang suppressed the ancients and went to complain, and asked Bao Gong to remove the keeper from the door first, and the ghosts appeared as expected. Bao Gong knew the story and arrested the murderer and his wife. (the original is? Hey? Pass? Suppress? , different versions will be written? Suppress the ancients? Or? Biegu? )
The story of Ghost in the Pot is bizarre and horrible, which satisfies the tastes of many audiences. Therefore, the story has been passed down to this day, and it was revised in the Qing Dynasty and written into Three Heroes and Five Righteousnesses. Now there are still performances on the opera stage, and the Beijing opera Wu Pen Ji is adapted from Ghost in the Pot.
Pictured above _ The Old Edition of The Story of Grey Lanes
The Story of Grey Lanes, which is a comic newspaper, tells the story of a wealthy businessman, Ma Junqing, who bought a concubine named Zhang Haitang from a brothel, and Haitang gave birth to his son Shoulang. Ma Junqing's wife, Hu, committed adultery with Zhao Lingshi, an official, poisoned her husband, falsely accused the murderer of Zhang Haitang to Zhengzhou magistrate, and claimed that Shoulang was his own son.
Su Shun, the magistrate of Zhengzhou, accepted a bribe from Zhao Lingshi, sentenced Haitang to death, and returned his son to Hu. Later, Bao Gong reviewed the case and found that there were many doubts. During the retrial, he drew a circle with lime in the lobby and put Shoulang in the circle, saying that whoever pulled the child out of the gray circle was the child's mother. Hu pulled the child out of the circle despite the pain, but Haitang was heartbroken and didn't dare to pull it again. Bao Gong saw the clue, so he reconnoitered and finally got the truth of the case, severely punished Hu and Zhao Lingshi, and the mother and son of Haitang were reunited.
Pictured above _ The Cover of the Grey Lanji Comic Book
In fact, The Grey Lanji is very international. In the Bible, Solomon, the king of wisdom, uses a grey circle to cut off the child. The Buddhist Book of Baiyu has a similar story. It is estimated that this is a folklore popular in India and the Middle East since BC.
the yuan dynasty had a vast territory and diverse cultures. Li Qianfu, the author of The Grey Ape, heard the story from somewhere and put it on Bao Qingtian. In modern times, German director Brecht saw Li Qianfu's "The Grey Aperture" and rewritten it into "The Grey Aperture in Caucasus". From west to east, then to west. "The Story of Grey Lan" is worthy of being a beautiful talk in the history of cultural exchange between China and foreign countries.
Bao Gong's drama in Yuan Dynasty is not only complicated in story and full of characters, but also lively in language, with famous sayings and aphorisms. Children and grandchildren have their own blessings, so why not worry about them? It's from Guan Hanqing's "Butterfly Dream" in Yuan Dynasty.
Above _ Bao Daizhi Sankan Butterfly Dream Republic of China Printed Edition
Then why did Bao Gong's literature and art mature in the Yuan Dynasty?
First of all, it is the prosperity of folk art represented by Yuan Zaju.
Yuanqu, like Tang poetry and Song poetry, is a treasure of Chinese traditional culture. Yuan Zaju developed from the Song and Jin Dynasties, and it was very popular in the Yuan Dynasty. From the palace giants to the common people, all of them favored Zaju. Zaju in Yuan Dynasty was very popular, and even zaju artists who were popular all over the country could be elected as senior officials. "Yuan Shi-Biography of Zhang Xuan" records that in the second year of Yanyou's court meeting, the emperor wanted Cao, a famous Cao, to be the minister of rites, and Zhang Xuan took it. The actor is Zongbo, how can he show the future generations? Stop with remonstrance.
Yuan Zaju sings and dances. Open in the rhythm of qi number? In the melodious and warm music, the actors sing and play, which is not only artistic expression. In Yuan Dynasty, the imperial examination was not held, and the literati had no way to enter the official position, and participated in the script creation, which enhanced the artistry of zaju. It was with such an excellent artistic carrier that Bao Gong's literature and art flourished in the Yuan Dynasty.
second, from the dark politics of the yuan dynasty, the people are eager to be honest.
the legal system and its confusion in the yuan dynasty. People in the world are worshiped as walkers, and there are examples to help them, but they can't keep them. Officials are bullied because they can get along. ? Corrupt officials take bribes and bend the law, and do everything they can. According to Yuan Shi-Cheng Zong Biography, in the seven years of Dade alone, 18,473 corrupt officials were investigated. There is a saying in the folk songs of the Yuan Dynasty: two gold coins are combined with one drum to relieve thieves, and two drums and one gong are used to greet officials. The gongs and drums always sound the same, and there is no dispute between officials and thieves.
The dark and corrupt bureaucracy makes the people yearn for an honest and upright official like Bao Gong. Dissatisfaction with reality and yearning for fairness and justice are strongly displayed on the stage.
Pictured above _ The cover of Liu Kaishen's painting of the 56-year-old Yuan Dynasty drama "Chen Zhou's corn"
Let's take a look at the excellent Bao Gong drama "Chen Zhou's corn" in the Yuan Dynasty.
There was a severe drought in Chen Zhou, and no grain was harvested. The emperor sent two imperial envoys, Liu Dezhong and Yang Jinwu, to sell rice and give them Zijin Hammer. Yang Liu two people took the opportunity to buy, making a fortune. The old man suppressed the ancient times to make representations for the people, but Liu Yang killed him with a Zijin hammer. Xiao Yan Gu, the son of Lao Yan Gu, found Bao Gong to express his grievances. Bao Gong? Every time I forged some mountains and seas with that powerful person, it seemed like a grudge. ? Now he who sees through the officialdom is going to retire, but he still stands up after seeing the grievances of Xiao Gu. Look at that ignorant beast, I'll just behead the thief first! ? The emperor was invited to investigate in Chen Zhou. (the original is? Hey? Pass? Suppress? , different versions will be written? Suppress the ancients? Or? Biegu? )
Pictured above _ Illustration of Liu Kaishen's painting in the 56-year-old Yuan Dynasty opera "Millet in Chen Zhou"
Bao Gong made a private visit, disguised himself as an old farmer, observed the people's feelings, and led a donkey to Wang Fenlian, a prostitute of Liu Dezhong, to find out the fact that Yang Liu paid the cashier with a big scale and released rice with a small scale, killing innocent people. Liu Dezhong knew something bad and got the emperor's forgiveness through his father's operation. Forgive life or death? . Bao Gong opened the court to hear the case and uphold justice, so that Xiao Yan Gu would kill Liu Dezhong with a purple-gold hammer to avenge his father. At this point, the emperor's pardon just arrived, which was supposed to save Liu Dezhong? Forgive life or death? Instead, I forgave Xiao Yan Gu's life.
This drama shows the ugly state that corrupt officials help the people and exploit the people, and officialdom officials protect each other. In the drama, Bao Gong not only pleads for the people, but also is resourceful and familiar with officialdom. It is worthy of being an ideal good cadre in the hearts of the people.