The evaluation of 65438+ expression includes narration, description, lyricism and discussion. The evaluation of expressions refers to the ability to distinguish which expressions are used in poetry and the functions they play. 1, narrator. Explanations and introductions of characters and events in the works, such as "Prepare chicken rice for me, so old friend, you entertain me at your farm" (Meng Haoran's Crossing the Ancient Village), "The wind and the horns bow, and the generals hunt the Acropolis. Soldiers return home dressed in gold "(Li Bai's Visit to Vietnam) and so on. 2. description. Give a concrete and vivid description of the shapes and characteristics of people, things and environment. With the language of images, readers can see their people, hear their voices and see their things, and feel at home, such as "moonlight in the pine forest, crystal stone in the stream" (Mountain in Autumn Night by Wang Wei) and "Three Mountains". Lyric. Express one's subjective feelings and self-feelings in his works, such as "I would like to cut Loulan with a machete" (Xia Sai Qu by Li Bai), "We met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? It is the end of the world "(Bai Juyi's" Pipa ") and so on. 4. discuss it. Explain your point of view directly, and show your attitude in his works, such as "outstanding people, outstanding people, not stiff when they die" and "Stagnation is unknown" (Du Mu's Pavilion on the Wujiang River). These four expressions are not completely separated in specific applications, but often fused together. We need to pay attention to this point, such as "but before he conquered, he was dead, and the hero cried on their coats" (Du Fu's Book of Letters), which combines four expressions: narrative, description, lyricism and discussion. Second, appreciation of artistic techniques. 00000000000106 From the description of the pen, there are meticulous and line drawing; From the content of description, there are scenery description and character description. 2. Artistic techniques of lyric: There are two main ways of lyric: direct lyric and indirect lyric. Most ancient poems express their feelings with the help of scenery. As the saying goes, "all scenery words are sentimental words", there are usually four kinds of relationships between scenery and emotion: Syaraku's feelings with pleasure; Write sad feelings with sad scenes; Happy to write mourning; Mourn Syaraku's feelings. 3. It involves positive contrast and negative contrast. 4. Contrast technology. 5. Fu Bixing's technique. 6. Use allusions. 7. Virtual writing and real writing. 8. Symbolism. (See Appendix for details. ) 3. Rhetorical devices The rhetorical devices commonly used in appreciation of ancient poems include metaphor, analogy, exaggeration, metonymy, antithesis, and rhetorical questions. And can analyze their artistic effects. (See Appendix for details. Attachment: Examples of artistic techniques and rhetorical devices 1. Bixing Techniques: Fu Bixing is a summary of the poetic expression techniques in The Book of Songs, China's earliest poetry collection. Later poems inherited the expressive techniques of Fu, Bi and Xing. Fu is to describe the scenery in detail and express the author's attitude, such as the Book of Songs. In Cutting Dalbergia Dalbergia, "Cutting Dalbergia Dalbergia is like cutting Dalbergia Dalbergia, and the river is dry", "If you don't get enough crops, you won't hunt. If Hu Zhaner has gentlemen in counties and counties, you won't eat vegetarian food! "Describe a group of logging slaves cutting ebony for slave owners to make cars. In the arduous labor, they think that slave owners get something for nothing and can't restrain their inner anger. Storytelling compares the slave owner to a big mouse, using the method of comparison. Xing means "say something else first to arouse what you want to sing", such as The Book of Songs? The "clear ripple of the river" in Sandalwood Punishment belongs to "Xing", which leads to the following statements that "Xing" and "Bi" are often used together in a poem. For example, the beginning of "Peacock flies southeast, drifting five miles" is both "Xing" and "Bi". 2. Direct expression and indirect expression. Expressing one's feelings implicitly is indirect lyricism. China's classical poetry pursues implication, so it is often indirect lyricism, in order to achieve a blend of scenes. "All scenes have feelings", and scene blending is a common method in classical poetry. Whether the scene blends is a sign to judge whether the classical poetry has artistic conception. Whether there is artistic conception is also a sign to judge whether classical poetry is excellent or not. For example, Zhang Kejiu's "[Double Tone] Qingjiang Tone? Qiu Huai: The west wind came to Wan Li and asked me if geese would sing red leaves before returning. People are intoxicated by the yellow flowers and banana rain and hear Qiu Meng. The poet grasped the meaning of the topic and painted a bleak autumn scenery with west wind, wild geese, red leaves, yellow flowers, plantains and rain. The arrival of the west wind is related to the uncertainty of the return date. Because of The Sound of Banana Rain, I set off my fame and sadness, tossing and turning. Every sentence is about scenery, and every sentence is lyrical, with a high degree of unity between emotion and scenery.

2. Chinese requires three knowledge points: grasping the key points and using methods skillfully. Now the senior high school entrance examination has entered the sprint stage. At present, students have two kinds of mentality in reviewing Chinese: some students think that there are many Chinese knowledge points, and the senior high school entrance examination focuses on examining students' extracurricular transfer ability, and the textbook content is less, so they often focus on some "crash" subjects, which makes them impetuous when reviewing Chinese; There are also some students who think that the exam has no effect after carefully reviewing the textbook knowledge and doing a lot of reading questions. They felt that there was no way to start reviewing Chinese, so they simply gave up. These practices are very undesirable. In fact, Chinese, like other subjects, has its own knowledge system and review rules. Judging from the review of students in previous years, in the sprint stage, if we can follow the teacher's review plan, review will form a knowledge network. Answer the questions according to the correct skills and methods, and be sure before the exam, so as to achieve ideal results in the exam. So, what strategies and methods should be paid attention to in the final sprint stage? Let's briefly talk about some practices of our school teachers in the final review stage: First of all, we should carefully "thoroughly" the examination questions in the past two years. In the past two years, there has been basically no change in the structure, proposition content, type and quantity of examination questions. The examination paper is divided into four sections: accumulation, classical Chinese reading, modern Chinese reading and composition. The content of the examination questions has also remained relatively stable, and the test has been carried out. From classical Chinese reading in and out of class, to modern Chinese reading after class, and finally to topic composition writing, students' knowledge accumulation, especially their ability to analyze and solve problems by using what they have learned, is emphasized. How should we analyze the examination questions of the senior high school entrance examination in recent two years? Now, I will briefly explain the four parts of the test paper. First, the accumulation part. The scope of the test is basically the famous sentences that are required to be recited in junior high school teaching reading questions. Reciting and reviewing should not only strengthen memory but also understand, and can be used flexibly. We should not only recite the article, but also implement every word, especially the words that often make mistakes in dictation, and we should always "review". Remember: one word is wrong. If it's all "vegetables", you lose. Secondly, in the classical Chinese part, the scope of the classical Chinese examination in class is the teaching and reading project of junior high school. First, you should pay attention to the key points when reviewing. According to the scope and requirements of the examination syllabus, as well as their own familiarity, choose and focus on the review content. Generally speaking, you should check the meaning and usage of common function words and content words in classical Chinese. Content words often examine words that are polysemous, ancient and modern, and flexible in part of speech. The focus of sentence examination is the sentence structure and sentence meaning of key sentences; The examination of the content is basically the same as that of modern Chinese. From words, phrases and sentences to literary common sense, thoughts and feelings, expression techniques, etc. We should pick out the main points and sum up the rules. Secondly, we should choose good quality and beautiful articles in teaching and reading content, which are often the most typical articles with the widest knowledge coverage in classical Chinese. This review can get twice the result with half the effort. In the past two years, most of the extracurricular reading of classical Chinese in the senior high school entrance examination chose story paragraphs. The content of the investigation is basically the same as that in class. When doing problems, we must pay attention to the connection with the texts or knowledge points learned in class, and pay attention to the transfer and application between classes. Classical Chinese reading problems are mainly divided into two categories. First, translation. The way to answer this kind of question is: (1) Know the general idea of the full text and grasp the tendency of the text. (2) Understand the meaning of the translated sentence context in detail and translate it word for word. Do a good job of revision, retention, deletion, supplement and adjustment. Pay attention to the key words in the sentence, which are often the score points. (3) You can also deduce the meanings of words in the text from modern words and idioms. (4) In addition, you should pay attention to special phenomena such as flexible use of parts of speech, different meanings in ancient and modern times, common falsehood, and compound words with partial meanings. (5) If literal translation is not feasible, use free translation. Think boldly in connection with real life. The second is enlightening. When answering such questions, we should pay attention to the ideological tendency, grasp the author's basic emotional position, contact the main plot and main characters of the article, and grasp the key sentences to think and answer from multiple angles and sides. Third, in the reading part of modern literature, we should grasp the "test center" and master the answering skills. In the past two years, most of the selections of modern Chinese reading in the senior high school entrance examination are a discussion-oriented essay and a natural science article. Therefore, in the final review, we should choose these two types of articles as much as possible to practice in extracurricular selection. In addition, in the setting of reading topics, we usually examine them in the order of "whole-part-whole". When doing the problem, we should firmly remember that "the answer is not in your mind, only in the original text", which is also the only criterion for us to test the effect of the answer. Any section of the examination focuses on two aspects. The second is the understanding and analysis of reading materials. In reading review, we should pay attention to the relationship between sentences and paragraphs, understand the author's point of view and the writing intention of the article, and grasp the article as a whole. First of all, we should understand the two questions "What did you write" and "Why did you write". The most important and effective way is to "get off the boat"-find the answer in the original text, such as the whole. Candidates are often asked to answer questions such as "what is the main content of the article" or "what is the author's main point of view". There are three aspects to consider in doing this kind of problem: looking at the topic, looking at the beginning and the end, looking for argumentative papers and lyrical sentences. These common methods and ideas must be memorized. For example, we can do this for the topic "Understanding the meaning and function of sentences" that students think is the most difficult to answer. Combined with context, grasp the most critical words in sentence expression and point out their contextual meanings. This kind of questions mostly examine sentences that play a key role in the expression of the article, or sentences that use rhetorical devices such as metaphor and questioning, so analyzing and grasping the characteristics of sentences is the key to doing this kind of questions well. There are certain ideas and methods to answer all kinds of questions. So, don't do the reading questions blindly. Fourth, the composition part. "Topic" composition is still the mainstream of this year's exam. In the final stage, we should read more books and newspapers, broaden our horizons, understand the information of the times, grasp the pulse of the times, learn other people's language styles and laws, accumulate materials for writing and replenish fresh blood. Although you are nervous about your studies,