The earliest coffeehouse was called "Kaveh Kanes" and was built in Mecca. Although originally intended for a religious purpose, these places soon became centers for playing chess, chatting, singing, dancing and enjoying music. Starting from Mecca, cafes spread to Aden, Medina and Cairo.
Nowadays coffee shops are places for people to have leisure and business exchanges.
It is generally believed that coffee was first discovered in Africa. This story is recorded in "The Abbey of Not Knowing Sleep" by the Asian Faust Neroni: After an Ethiopian shepherd boy discovered that his flock had eaten the red fruits on the bush, he was so excited that he refused to go home. He thought the sheep were poisoned, but after a few hours, the sheep returned to normal. The young man took a bite of this fruit, and his fatigue disappeared immediately. He told the people around him about this discovery, and Christian monks who needed to meditate for a long time at night began to use it as a daily refreshing food.
The history of coffee
The above story about mankind’s first understanding of coffee took place in the fifth or sixth century.
In the 6th century AD, the Ethiopians ruled Yemen for 50 years. Coffee spread to the Yemeni region of the Arab world, and people began to plant coffee trees in large quantities.
In the 16th century, the Turks occupied Yemen, and local coffee cultivation began to take shape. The Turks began to utilize coffee resources and export them to Europe through the Mocha Port in Yemen to earn foreign exchange. Although the port of Mocha was replaced by the Suez Canal in the 19th century, "Mocha coffee" is already a retained item on the menu.
In 1616, the Dutch smuggled coffee saplings into their capital; in 1658, coffee trees also appeared in the Dutch colony of Sri Lanka. In 1699, coffee trees entered Indonesia. At this time, the French were also intensively experimenting with coffee trees in their own country and planting them extensively in French colonies. In this way, Asia, South America, Central and South America, and Africa all have coffee trees.
Basically, the colonists played an important role in the widespread spread of coffee around the world. The previous textbooks told me that the colonists were bad robbers, but now it seems that it is not that simple.
The history of coffeehouses
After the Turks occupied Yemen, with the spread of religion, the first coffeehouse was established in Mecca in the 16th century. The development of coffee from medicinal properties to a popular beverage is said to be related to China's Zheng He's voyages to the West in the 15th century. The tea culture spread by Zheng He made Muslims realize that refreshing drinks can also become daily necessities. Those who hold this view point out that the utensils used by Turks today to drink coffee are very similar to the teacups used by Chinese people.
Constantinople had frequent trade with the European continent. In 1615, Venetian merchants trafficked coffee to Italy. At first it was an expensive drink, but soon, after 1620, coffee became secular in Europe. .
The first coffeehouse in Europe was established at Oxford University in England in 1650. Coffeehouses then became popular in London and soon became an "open place for the exchange of ideas", somewhat similar to today's forum BBS. ,hehe. It can be said that before the development of the modern printing industry, coffeehouses played the role of media salons to a certain extent.
In 1669, coffee was known to the French. The biggest influence of cafes on France should be reflected in the French Revolution. Those who have watched "Les Misérables" probably remember that the rebels planned the revolution in cafes. After the revolution passed, the coffeehouse transformed into a gathering place for artistic youths. In the "Monet and the Impressionists" and "The Life of Picasso" I read before, the Montmartre Café in Paris was mentioned more than once; equally famous is the Latin Quarter Café, which is a favorite place for writers, poets and philosophers. The place where the likes of Hemingway, Sartre, and Beckett were located, and the first café in Paris, Procoube, was also in the Latin Quarter.
In 1683, the people of Vienna accidentally obtained coffee beans that Muslims refused to spill. Vienna's first café "Blue Bottle" opens. However, these Christians did not like Muslim drinks. The clever boss Kochisky filtered out the coffee grounds and put milk into the coffee. This is the prototype of today's latte coffee. The characteristic of Viennese cafes is that they are filled with music and latte-scented air.
As I write this, I can’t help but really want to pay homage to the Central Café in Vienna where Beethoven went.
In 1670, coffee entered Germany. Rigorous Germans had been debating whether coffee was good for health, so coffeehouses did not appear in large numbers in Germany until 1721. But in the 19th century, the Germans seized the historical opportunity and made huge profits in the coffee industry. At that time, American coffee plantation owners, under the impact of the wave of abolition, began to recruit coffee farmers from Europe. In this way, at least 80% of Guatemalan coffee beans are shipped to various parts of Europe through German merchants. The two world wars took turns to reshuffle the situation. Today, Germany is the second largest coffee consumer in the world, and its per capita consumption is much higher than that of the United States. I used to only know that Germans can drink beer, but now I know that they are so comprehensively developed, and I admire them.
The favorite coffee of the petty bourgeoisie on the street is always filled with milk foam. Yes, this is Italian coffee, Cappuccino and Espresso. The former is cappuccino and the latter is espresso. In 1945, the new distiller invented by the Italian Gaggia (now also a coffee appliance brand) became popular in Europe. Italian cafes are different from those in England and France. They are exquisite, casual and artistic. The randomness is reflected in the decoration of the cafe, and the artistic atmosphere. Haha, the place where they drink coffee outdoors is surrounded by the Colosseum and Michelangelo's sculptures.
It was during the Meiji Restoration that the Japanese accepted coffee, which is a representative of Western lifestyle. When many people think of Japan, their first thought is that everything there is very expensive, right? Indeed, cafes in Ginza, Tokyo often cost tens of dollars, but the most expensive thing is the coffee cup. They like to serve their coffee in English bone china coffee cups, which cost tens of thousands or even millions of yen. Of course, this is a high-end cafe, and most people can just go to Manabe Kamijima. The most amazing thing is the Japanese people’s appreciation of refined tastes: the most expensive coffee is in Japan, and the cheapest coffee, instant coffee and canned coffee were also invented by the Japanese!
The lively Americans don’t seem to care much about the appearance and taste of coffee. They even add eggs to their coffee! The coffee pot commonly used by Americans is called a boiling pot. Coffee powder is placed in the upper layer and water is placed in the lower layer. After heating, the steam extracts the aroma of the coffee powder. This method tends to produce a bitter taste, but Americans don't care. They continue to fry the coffee beans in a pan with relish and continue to over-extract the coffee powder. However, the most admirable thing about American coffee is that it insists on on-site roasting, grinding, and brewing, attaches great importance to freshness, and strives to maintain freshness through improved packaging and other methods. American coffee merchants were the first to mark the roasting date on food packaging bags. This move had a huge impact on the food industry.
Coffee and cafes are banned
There are always some hardships before new things are fully accepted, and the same is true for cafes. Cafes and the coffee-drinking lifestyle have been banned several times throughout history. The three more famous ones are as follows:
1: The first person to ban coffee was the governor of Mecca. He found that the poems attacking him actually came from the coffeehouse, so in 1511 all the coffee in Mecca was banned. The cafes were closed, and the offenders were even sewn into leather bags and thrown into the Bosporus;
2: King Charles II of England also issued a ban on cafes in 1675. There are two origins. First, the women who were not allowed to enter the cafe at the time issued a petition complaining that British men had lost their dignity; second, the cafe became a place for people to criticize current affairs.
3: In 1781, King Frederick the Great of Prussia banned the private import of coffee and banned private roasting of coffee, and called on everyone not to forget their "national drink" - beer.
Of course, later on, these prohibition orders came to nothing. It can be proved from this that it seems unwise to use violence to enforce or ban people's tastes, clothing, and makeup.
Introduction to the top ten famous coffees sold in the world
Super Blue Mountain Coffee
Detailed description:
◆Origin: Caribbean& Central America
◆Roasting method: City Roast
◆Characteristics: mellow and rich, full aftertaste
◆Choose a Chinese coffee with flavor attributes similar to those of pure Blue Mountain coffee High-altitude coffee beans from the Americas are blended with coffee from the Blue Mountain coffee producing area in Jamaica. The special roasting design adopts City Roast. Both in terms of flavor and taste, it is very similar to pure Jamaican Blue Mountain coffee.
Charcoal Roasted premium Blue Mountain coffee
◆Origin: Jamaica
◆Roasting method: City Roast
◆Characteristics:
1. Taste: Slightly sour, smooth, sweet and smooth.
2. Fragrance: Fragrance.
3. Vision: The coffee beans are slightly larger than ordinary coffee beans, with a smooth surface and high hardness.
Jamaica Prime Washed is produced in St. Andrew, the main coffee producing area in Jamaica, at an altitude of more than 6,000 feet. The output is about four to six times more than No. 1, and the price is also On the high side; it is also Blue Mountain coffee, but it cannot be directly named after No. 1. Even so, there are still many international professional buyers who specialize in purchasing this series of products, and some of the more famous coffee estates are still harvesting Before the season arrives, they are all bought up by coffee experts. Similarly, the higher the altitude, the better the quality of coffee beans. The taste is rich and mellow, with full grains, a round fruity aroma, and moderate sourness, sweetness and bitterness. It is the name of many coffee masters. The ultimate in gluttony.
Special grade Mandheling coffee beans
◆Origin: Indonesia Sumatra, Indonesia
◆Roasting method: City Roast
◆Characteristics :
1. Taste: mellow and rich, sweet and bitter in nature, not soft sour, but bitter.
2. Fragrance: special caramel-like fragrance, mellow smell.
3. Vision: After roasting, the beans are very large, and the raw beans are brown or dark green.
In the era before Blue Mountain was made public, it was considered the best product in the world. After roasting, the beans are very large. The raw beans are brown or dark green, with a special caramel-like aroma and a mellow taste. It is rich, sweet and bitter in nature. It does not have a soft sour taste, but it has a bitter taste. The production volume is relatively small, so the price is slightly higher than ordinary coffee beans. The main producing areas of Mandheling are Java Island, Sulawesi Island and Sumatra Island, 90% of which are Robusta species. Among them, "Mantlin" produced in Sumatra is the most famous. Since Mandheling coffee beans themselves have no acidic properties, special brewing methods are generally based on Mandheling coffee beans. There is no unpleasant sour taste when keeping the coffee warm for a long time or making iced coffee.
Special grade Colombian coffee
◆Origin: Colombia
◆Roasting method: City Roast
◆Characteristics:
< p>1. Taste: good acidity and sweetness, with unique sourness and mellow taste.2. Fragrance: Highly balanced, highly aromatic, and quite rich in taste.
3. Vision: Full-grained, roasted coffee beans appear larger and more beautiful.
Colombia is the second largest coffee industrial country in terms of output after Brazil. The more famous producing areas are "Methelin", "Marissares", "Bogotá" and "Armenia". The taste of coffee beans is quite strong, and the quality and price are also very stable. The internationally renowned high-quality beans are Colombia-Supremo/Colombia-Excelso; their taste characteristics are sour, Bitter and sweet, the color of brewed coffee is like that of brewed wine. It has a unique sour and mellow taste. Medium roasted taste is refreshing, and dark roasted is mature and rich. There is a faint smell between the two. Unique flavor, roasted coffee beans have reduced acidity and full content, making them larger and more beautiful in appearance. In addition to its large output, the Colombian production area can produce everything from low-grade products to high-end products. Some of them are rare in the world, and the taste is so mellow that you can't put it down.
Special grade mocha coffee
◆Origin: Ethiopia
◆Roasting method: City Roast
◆Characteristics:
< p>1. Taste: Slightly sweet with soft fruit acidity, excellent sweetness and a unique round ripe taste. Its unique sweetness, sourness and bitterness are extremely elegant.2. Aroma: Rich fruity and grassy aroma.
3. Vision: The bean particles are small and the bean color is uneven.
Ethiopia, known as the birthplace of coffee, has a history and traditional agricultural production that can be called the origin of coffee. It is the most famous for its "Mocha" coffee. In the West, besides Mocha In addition to the name of the coffee variety, it also refers to the method of brewing coffee or the equipment for making coffee and the special preparation method. Mocha coffee beans are mostly dried, but there are also so-called top-quality washed beans. Mocha coffee beans are known by their name. It is famous for its sour taste, slightly sweet, slightly winey aroma, and low caffeine content.
Special grade Brazilian coffee beans
◆Origin: Brazil
◆Roasting method: City Roast
◆Characteristics:
1. Taste: slightly bitter and slightly sour, mild in nature.
2. Fragrance: light and elegant, with a medium fragrance.
3. Vision: large, light green or light yellow beans.
A country that can be called the "Coffee Continent" is the world's largest coffee producer and exporter, accounting for about half of all world production. It is especially famous for Brazilian Santos exported from Santos Port in Sao Paulo State. NO.2 Screen 18-19 is the standard product; the green beans are large, light green or light yellow, and generally almost It is used for blending; it has a delicate aroma and a comfortable and mild flavor, suitable for those who are new to coffee. The sourness and bitterness can be blended through roasting. Medium roasting has a soft aroma and moderate taste, while dark roasting It has a strong bitter taste and is suitable for blending coffee.
Special grade Hawaiian Kona coffee beans
◆Origin: Hawaii Island
◆Roasting method: Full City Roast
◆Characteristics :
1. Taste: mellow, sweet and smooth, with moderate acidity.
2. Aroma: attractive and nutty.
3. Vision: Large beans with blue translucence.
The only coffee planting area in the United States. It grows in volcanic rock soil and is mostly produced on the southeastern coastal edge of the Hawaiian Islands. However, because the yield here is not high, the cost of planting is surprisingly expensive. In addition, the demand for single-origin coffee in the United States and other places is increasing day by day, so its unit price is not only getting higher and higher, but it is also not easy to buy. The average annual output is about 20,000 tons, and the price is quite high; pure Hawaiian coffee can be Na, rich in nutty flavor and attractive aroma, the taste is sweet and smooth, with a pleasant sour taste of wine, moderate acidity, very special.
Italian LAZZA coffee beans
LAZZA coffee beans, Italy’s first brand; LAZZA, founded in 1895, started as a grocery store and gradually turned to coffee as its only product. After more than 100 years of development, LAZZA has become the third largest coffee roaster in the world and is synonymous with Italian coffee. It has a 47% market share in Italy and is sold in more than 80 countries around the world with an annual sales volume of 86,000 tons (140 tons). billion cups).
No coffee can be as rich and rich as pure Italian espresso. Precise pressure allows constant-temperature water to emulsify the naturally occurring oils and proteins in the coffee fiber. The result is like a The rich and rich taste of the syrup-like liquid (some say it is soy sauce paste) slowly spreads on the tongue, completely sweeping the entire palate and lasting for dozens of minutes; under careful and precise operating conditions, the surface of the coffee There will be a layer of ocher red and a delicate and dense "Crema". This is the highest artistic conception pursued by many professional Italian coffee players.
Special Italian Espresso
After repeated comparisons and tests, we chose the blending and roasting method that is most compatible with most coffee machines, and chose the Brazilian-high altitude coffee. Cerraado coffee is the base, paired with high-quality coffee beans produced at high altitudes in Central America.
No coffee can be as rich and rich as pure Italian espresso. Precise pressure allows constant-temperature water to emulsify the naturally occurring oils and proteins in the coffee fiber. The result is like a The rich and rich taste of the syrup-like liquid (some say it is soy sauce paste) slowly spreads on the tongue, completely sweeping the entire palate and lasting for dozens of minutes; under careful and precise operating conditions, the surface of the coffee There will be a layer of ocher red and a delicate and dense "Crema". This is the highest artistic conception pursued by many professional Italian coffee players.
Gold Medal Premium Blue Mountain Coffee
◆Origin: Jamaica, Caribbean & Central America
◆Roasting method: City Roast
◆Characteristics: Jamaican Blue Mountain is blended with other beans to have a better flavor, comparable to Alpine Blue Mountain
On the market, beans that look like Blue Mountain coffee are often used to confuse people, and some even claim to be huge coffee beans. There are rumors about Blue Mountain coffee. Really pure Blue Mountain coffee beans are actually only slightly larger than ordinary coffee beans. How should consumers choose and buy them? The only way to choose a coffee manufacturer with a good reputation is to carefully choose it; of course, its price is much higher than other coffees, and the prices of various coffee manufacturers are also very different, but consumers should not blindly judge by price. It does not mean that the price is higher. High means the coffee is better or purer, otherwise you will be taken advantage of after spending a lot of money.
European men’s coffee complex
The word “coffee” comes from the Greek word “Kaweh”, which means “power and passion”. Drinking coffee is not only a pastime, its rich cultural connotation is a pursuit of an ideal lifestyle. Men love coffee because it has a manly, powerful yet gentle and dignified temperament. Men once loved coffee and ignored the women around them, which led to British women in the 17th century collectively petitioning to declare war on coffee.
Some people say that the first coffee house in the world was in Damascus, some say it was in Venice, and some say it was in Paris. In any case, it is European men who have given coffee extremely strong vitality. The culture of coffee can also be said to be the culture of European men.
A Viennese artist said: "I am not at home, just in the cafe, not in the cafe, just on the way to the cafe."
In Vienna, Austria, Europe's most populous city The classic coffee house "Blue Bottle Cafe" mixed coffee with honey and milk to make delicious Viennese coffee for the first time. Viennese people even compared it with music and waltz, calling it the "Three Treasures of Vienna", which shows that the Viennese people A love affair with coffee. From coffee kiosks on street corners where people can stand and drink, to coffee shops where students gather near universities, to gorgeous and luxurious coffee shops next to theaters and near the imperial city, there are at least dozens of them. Some coffee shops open as early as 6:30 in the morning. It doesn't close until 2am. The air flowing over the "City of Music" is not only filled with beautiful rhythms, but also filled with the mellow aroma of coffee.
There is a famous saying in Italy: "A man should be like good coffee, strong and passionate!" In Italy, coffee and men are actually two different things. The Italian coffee with the English name Espresso is pure black in color, rich and fragrant, with a layer of golden foam floating on the surface. A small cup of Italian coffee weighs only 50 ml. It is thick and hot and will be unforgettable once you drink it.
In France, not having coffee means losing the color of life. The French nation has elevated coffee culture to this almost otherworldly realm. The incident that best demonstrates the French's love for coffee was during the outbreak of the "Gulf War" in 1991. The products that the French bought back from supermarkets were not daily necessities, but a large amount of coffee and sugar cubes. The French, who are naturally romantic and passionate, pay attention to the quality and taste of coffee itself, but the environment and mood of drinking coffee. It is an elegant charm, a romantic mood, and a comfortable feeling of enjoying life.
In France, you can see cafes of different styles and sizes attached to buildings everywhere, in streets and alleys, tree-shaded squares, river cruises, balcony towers... open-air cafes are even more... A portrayal of the romantic life of the French, colorful parasols have become a unique street scene that embellishes the Champs Elysées. For those who are obsessed with coffee, the coffee-scented streets on the left bank of the Paris River always have the most memorable aromatic air.
Here, while sipping coffee, you can imagine the lives of Picasso and Hemingway. Cafes are the spiritual food of the French people and a typical symbol of French society and culture. The famous "Le ProcoPe Café" still maintains its original layout in terms of decoration and display of cultural relics, exuding classical charm. The thinkers of the European Enlightenment in the 18th century Voltaire, Rousseau, and Diderot , as well as the three heroes of the Revolution, Robespierre, Danton and Marat, are all regular customers here.
As a drink, coffee brings people enjoyment, health and excitement; as a culture, Coffee cultivates the unique elegance, romance, solemnity and strength of European men.
When you come to a cafe, you first come to drink coffee.
Coffee is a magical drink. It has been endowed with magical functions in the Arab era. With the help of coffee, people think about problems, dream about the world, and debate current affairs. "It is the spiritual food for thinkers and chess masters." By the way, the Arabs practice their international skills in coffee shops. chess skills. When people come to cafes, they read, chat, listen to music, and play chess. In the smell of fragrant coffee, rational thoughts are given wings to romantic dreams.
Europeans are also passionate about coffee. For a speculative nation, coffee has become another extreme culture in their hands. Anyone who drinks alcohol or gambles is not allowed to enter the door of the cafe, because people come to the cafe to promote intellectual growth. Enthusiasm for coffeehouses expanded rapidly. By 1730, in Paris alone, the center of the future democratic revolution, there were nearly 4,000 large and small coffeehouses! Looking at other places, such as London, Rome, Germany and Austria, it was already too late. Instead of building new cafes, restaurants, pubs and even high-end hotels in downtown areas were directly transformed into tall Baroque-style cafes.
Later, cafes had more functions. Tea, cocoa, alcoholic beverages, various dairy snacks and even dishes are available. In some cafes, people can stay overnight, and they are often brightly lit until midnight.
In order to open up. For a broader public social life, high-end cafes at that time spared no effort to build halls that could accommodate dozens or even hundreds of coffee tables. For a long time, this was the first place in European cities. It is also the only place where people from all walks of life can freely come and gather. Among the exchanges of people of all kinds, the scholars in the cafe are inspired by springs. The essence of human civilization slowly spreads from this small coffee table to All over the world.
So linguist Samuel Johnson believes that coffee shops are not just places where coffee is sold, but also an idea, a way of life, a social model, and a philosophical concept.
Recommend reading: