1, information asymmetry
It means that one party in the transaction has more information than the other party, and the party with information advantage may have fraud. Such as bank managers, architects, decoration contractors, doctors and so on.
2. Asymmetry of power and responsibility.
The strong have great power, but they bear less responsibility. For example, western countries' interventionism in other countries, Taleb pointed out, whether in Iraq, Syria or Libya, western interference has brought great suffering to the local people. On the contrary, they don't have to bear the consequences for this result, and they can even sit in the office and brag about their sense of success and escape from the dictator.
3. A few advantages
This is a hidden asymmetry phenomenon, which means that the whole population obeys the preferences and choices of a few people. For example, a few local friends get together for dinner and talk in local dialect, and a foreign friend comes, who only knows Mandarin, so for this person, everyone starts to communicate in Mandarin.
You may say that even if there is a phenomenon of "a few people are dominant", there is nothing wrong with it. After all, the interests of a few people have been taken care of, and the interests of most people have not been harmed. Why not? No! The interests of most people are actually damaged, but the loss is slight and difficult to detect. For example, in the last example, in fact, most people are secretly deprived of the right to choose dialect communication.
The risks caused by these asymmetric phenomena are called asymmetric risks. Behind the asymmetric risk is the question of justice, so this is a big problem that touches the fundamentals of human society.