From the perspective of students’ individual development, learning some ancient poems and essays in their youth will benefit them throughout their lives. Mr. Guo Moruo once said that the books he memorized when he was a child are like a big iceberg that enters his stomach. As he gets older, it will slowly melt. Once it melts, it will become wealth. These memorized materials are stored in students' brains and combined into their existing cognitive structures and emotional experiences. They will turn into flesh and blood and souls, becoming an important component of their spiritual world and Chinese literacy. This is beneficial to "Establishing people" is also beneficial to "learning literature". Once activated in the future, the comprehensive effect will not be underestimated. If primary school students can recite all the poems and essays designated in primary school, or even recite more, and achieve a certain amount of language accumulation, they will naturally remember many words and habitual language expressions.
1. The curriculum standards put forward clear requirements for recitation
The "Chinese Curriculum Standards" require students in grades 1 to 6 to recite 160 ancient and modern poems (paragraphs), 7 to 9 Grade 1 students recite 80 articles (paragraphs), totaling 240 articles (paragraphs). Compared with the old curriculum standards, the newly revised Chinese curriculum standards have added recitation items at both primary and junior high school levels. Among them, 6 articles were added for the primary school level and 14 articles were added for the junior high school level. Bian Jing, a special-grade Chinese language teacher, analyzed that this adjustment to the curriculum standards is not to increase the content of "rote memorization", but to allow students to develop good language habits and inherit traditional culture. It is an adjustment that respects the growth patterns of students.
Without a certain “quantity”, there is no “quality”. Elementary school is the period in a person's life when memory is best, especially mechanical memory. We seize this best period and let students recite more poems, famous aphorisms and famous works by famous writers with both literary and artistic qualities, such as "Sun Moon Lake", "Spring Dawn", "Lovely Thatched Cottage", "Guilin Landscape", etc. The primary school stage is in the golden age of memory. If we can give full play to our advantages and memorize more masterpieces of both literary quality and beauty, it will benefit students throughout their lives. The ancient practice of learning languages ??has proven that recitation plays a very important role in learning Chinese well. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize the general rules of recitation from traditional Chinese teaching as a mirror for us to improve the level of Chinese teaching.
2. Strengthen the guidance of recitation
The "Chinese Curriculum Standards" clearly state that recitation "should pay attention to the method and should be carried out on the basis of understanding the content of the text and the order of the narrative." , teaching practice has once again proved that the effect of practicing recitation with guidance and without guidance is very different. Reciting under the guidance of teachers can help students have a clear purpose of reciting and create an eager interest to try. You also need to pay attention to methods when reciting texts. In recent years, I have attached great importance to guiding students in reciting, and achieved twice the result with half the effort. My approach is:
1. Improve students’ interest in recitation
Tell students stories about famous people from ancient and modern times who were erudite and memorized; hold a recitation competition to see who can recite correctly and who can recite correctly. Get fast; play recitation relay games, A recites the sentence, B recites the next sentence, A recites the first paragraph, B recites the second paragraph; teachers do recitation demonstrations, etc. These are all good ways to improve students' interest in recitation. With recitation The interest turns "rote memorization" into "live memorization and joyful memorization".
2. Guide students to recite on the basis of understanding
If students memorize word by word and memorize word by word, not only will the effect be poor, but they will inevitably fall into "rote memorization". The misunderstandings of "memorizing" and "eating them alive" will inevitably affect the development of thinking. Therefore, we must guide students to change this mechanical memorization into meaningful memorization, guide students to truly understand the content of the text, and achieve "understanding" first and then "familiarity". When explaining the text, spend your energy on things that are not "clear" and focus on the key points and difficulties without doing too much analysis. This way you can save time for students to read it over and over again. Students read on the basis of understanding, and deepen their understanding through repeated reading. In this way, students can generally recite a text after teaching it.
3. Teach students how to recite
For primary school students, the method of recitation is very important. There are four ways I guide students to recite: the first is "three grasps" "Dharma", that is: grasp the leading sentence.
Generally, texts always have several levels of meaning, and each level often has a leading sentence. If you grasp it closely, you can lead to a series of sentences that follow; second, grasp the leading word. There are often leading words between sentences. Grasping it can make the previous and following sentences connect quickly when reciting it; third, grasp the transitional sentences. There are often transitional sentences between paragraphs in a text, which usually serve as a link between the previous paragraph and the next. If you grasp it, you can quickly connect the upper paragraph to the lower paragraph. The second method is to divide first and then legalize, that is, practice memorization by first decomposing and then integrating. The third type is to practice memorizing the outline of the blackboard book. The fourth method is the snowball method. That is, memorize the first paragraph first, then the second paragraph, and then memorize the first and second paragraphs together; then memorize the third paragraph, and then memorize the first, second, and third paragraphs together... These methods are all Effectively improve recitation efficiency and reduce students' academic burden.
3. It is necessary to guide students to memorize new lessons while also frequently reviewing the texts they have memorized
Frequently reviewing the memorized content can not only consolidate and strengthen students' language Accumulation, but also can have the effect of reviewing the past, learning the new, and cultivating sentiment.
"Review" can consolidate the effect of recitation. It is a naive idea to think that once recited, the article will be locked in the safe of memory forever. In fact, only through review can we consolidate our memory and achieve long-lasting effects. If a primary school student memorizes a text for a semester or a school year without reviewing it or forgetting it, then he picks up the book to recite it, and then he will not memorize it accurately, he will not be proficient, or he will even forget it. Therefore, teachers should educate students to abandon the idea of ??"getting it once and for all" and guide students to frequently review the memorized texts according to the principle of "learning and practicing from time to time". During the semester, you should focus on reading the texts you have memorized for several months; at the end of the semester, you should focus on reading the texts you have memorized for half a year. Only by reviewing them frequently can you remember them firmly.
Primary school students are in the golden age of memory. We must give full play to their memory advantages, pay attention to the training and guidance of recitation, put recitation into practice, and let students read and memorize more - some masterpieces with both literary quality and beauty. , This will surely benefit them throughout their lives and will also greatly improve the efficiency of our Chinese teaching.