Application is a compulsory subject for civil service examinations at all levels, and it is also the subject that can get the fastest effect and easily widen the gap. At present, there are many kinds of propositions in the application examination, but from a fundamental point of view, it is still a "small+big" model. The big composition is always the highlight and winner of the application exam. Therefore, this paper also focuses on how to write a big composition.
First, the location of the application
Direction determines success or failure. Standing wrong, just like digressing, will definitely not get high marks. In the application writing, the applicant will provide a lot of opinions, some of which are right, some are wrong, some are easy to distinguish, and some need to think deeply, distinguish right from wrong and distinguish between true and false.
How to tell?
First, be clear about your identity. Positioning can be accurate, Fang Xiangming. Always remember that you are a candidate and you will become a national public official after passing the exam. Writing applications is dancing with shackles and seeking innovation and breakthrough on the basis of safety and stability. With such a basic understanding, we should always ask ourselves as candidates, so that we will not be confused and speak out of line; According to the standards of civil servants, I will think about problems and ideas from the perspective of the party Committee and government, which will lay a solid foundation for choosing opinions and getting high marks. It can be said that as long as the positioning is accurate and the direction is right, the score will not be too low.
Second, we must overcome ourselves. There are a thousand hamlets in the eyes of a thousand people. We will have our own opinions on everything. However, the application writing needs both "my" thinking and "government" thinking. We must abide by established concepts and formulations, no matter how conflicting our self-consciousness. The application only needs to see the candidates' explanation and expansion of the established ideas, and does not need to be mixed with too many candidates' own ideas.
Third, we should pay attention to collection. Applying for writing is not passive water. Whether it is the understanding of established policies, the grasp of proposition ideas, the layout of the framework and the carving of words, we should pay attention to collection and accumulation. The simplest and most direct way to grasp the train of thought is to read party newspapers, such as Jiefang Daily in Shanghai and Xinhua Daily in Jiangsu, focusing on the speeches of the main leaders of the party and government (secretaries, governors and mayors). Their speeches are the train of thought for development. It is particularly noteworthy that the annual enlarged meeting of the Party Committee and the "two sessions" of the National People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, especially the enlarged meeting at the beginning of the year (at the end of the year), are comprehensive arrangements for the work of the next year, and the guiding ideology and key tasks are clear at a glance.
Because this time it is mainly aimed at the provincial civil service examination, we can appropriately reduce the attention to the central macro-policy. Because the work requirements of the Central Committee have been transformed and decomposed into their own specific work by party committees and governments at all levels in light of the actual conditions in various regions. But for the the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Plenary Session (the Third Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee, urban-rural integration is the theme; We should also correctly understand the Fourth Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee), the Central Economic Work Conference (maintaining growth, promoting reform, restructuring and benefiting people's livelihood), the National Political and Legal Work Conference (promoting the resolution of social contradictions, social management innovation, civilized and fair law enforcement) and the spirit of Hu Wen's latest speech.
At the same time, in the process of reading party newspapers, we should not only collect opinions, but also pay attention to learning language style. "I am familiar with 300 Tang poems, and I can sing even if I can't write poems." We should adapt and imitate this language style in all kinds of conflicts and helplessness. Because it's a shortcut to get high marks.
Second, the framework of the application
1, the framework of the article. After all, application is an article. The structure of the article is nothing more than four parts: title+transition.
The title is the crowning touch of an article. Generally speaking, there are two ways to do it: the first is straightforward. For example, "economic transformation is imminent", "Expo answers", "Expo heritage" and "accelerating urban-rural integration" and so on. The advantage of this topic is that it is focused, but the disadvantage is that there is no room for manoeuvre if the proposition is wrong. The other is profound. For example, when it comes to food security, land issues and agricultural issues, the "lifeline" can be used; Speaking of anti-corruption, hidden rules, network supervision and so on. We can use "Let power run in the sun", "Sunshine is a preservative" and "Rumors stop in the open and trust comes from transparency". The advantage of this title is artistic conception and flexibility, but the disadvantage is that it is difficult to make a pun and has far-reaching influence. One more thing, a two-paragraph title cannot be a simple semantic repetition. "Accelerating the integration of urban and rural areas and promoting * * *" The former is an initiative, while the latter is the result; Rumors stop in the open, and trust comes from transparency. The former is a temporary solution, and the latter is a permanent solution. They are all progressive and different. Try to use as few as three paragraphs as possible.
Transition is the natural structure of the article. Start with a small entrance, and see the big from the small; Clear theme, straight to the point. Tolerance should be coherent and natural, leaving no trace, often from small to large, from shallow to deep. Turning, from the outside to the inside, deepening the theme is the most skillful part. To combine, it is necessary to synthesize the full text and let all rivers flow into the sea, which not only echoes the theme, but also has great potential.
2. The framework of the paragraph. Paragraph is the most basic and important part of the article. It is mainly divided into two parts: # Civil Service Examination # Introduction+Content. Among them, the launch of the # civil service examination is more critical.
It is not easy to guide the lead well and guide the wonderful. However, a good introduction to # Civil Service Examination # is often better than the whole paragraph. A friend who once took part in marking the provincial civil service exam told me that they read a big composition at first, 1 minute, and then they were anxious, 28 seconds. In such a short time, I basically just read the title, beginning, introduction and end of each paragraph, and the rest was just browsing.
The introduction is a judgment sentence or a famous saying, which is both profound and persuasive. For example, to improve ideological understanding, you can use "thought is the forerunner of action"; To talk about the relationship between development and stability, we can use "development is the last word and stability is the hard task (Hu)"; To talk about the importance of basic work, we can use "the foundation is not firm, the ground shakes (Mao)", which is a process of collection and experience.
The remaining paragraphs basically belong to the explanation and demonstration of the introduction of # Civil Service Examination #. It is worth noting that, generally speaking, this argument should have at least three levels. Without three arguments, it is not convincing and difficult to write. The levels are parallel to each other or step by step, and logically, they cannot be divided into levels and confused.
3. The framework of the sentence. Sentence is the most basic unit of an article. The special feature of official document sentences is that each sentence has a certain meaning and contains the specific content of specific work. The general framework of official document sentences is: goal+measure+result. For example, around the core (goal) of increasing farmers' income, efforts should be made to increase wage income (measure 1), increase property and operational income (measure 2), broaden income-increasing channels such as property income (measure 3), and build a long-term mechanism for increasing farmers' income steadily (result).
Attachment: Judgment
Judgment sentence is the most important sentence in official document writing, and it is also the most important sentence to express one's position and viewpoint in application. The judgment sentence is the final conclusion of things and situations, so one should be accurate and the other should not contradict the official position. For example, from the central government to local governments, it is said that "2009 is the most difficult year for China's economic development since the new century". Therefore, "difficulty" is the main theme and cannot be changed. However, echoing the official judgment does not mean that it will remain unchanged. On the basis of "difficulty", we can express it slightly in combination with our own reality, which not only highlights the difficulties of the situation, but also affirms our work achievements. For example, "2009 is the most difficult year for China's economic development since the new century, and it is also a year for (the region) to overcome pressure challenges and achieve greater development."
Sentence rhetoric
Accuracy, conciseness and strength are the basic requirements of sentences. Shen Lun is not prose, and rhetoric need not be gorgeous. Improper use of rhetoric can only backfire. First, use short sentences. Chinese is different from English, and its shortcomings are well known. Short and accurate, short and powerful sentences. Yes Long sentences, if possible, try to break them into several short sentences. Second, always use duality. The catchy antithesis is also a common "symmetrical beauty" in Chinese. If possible, try to fight each other. The third is to use parallelism with caution. Contrast momentum, literature and art. Parallelism itself is difficult to form, and it is even more difficult to be tangible and progressive. Therefore, it is recommended to use parallelism with caution. If you use it, try to use it at the end, because the end is empty. Fourth, use more metaphors and ask fewer questions. Mao Zedong's articles often use metaphors and rhetorical questions, which are very vivid. But in the exam, in order to be stable, if you are not sure, it is better to use it less.
Of course, everything cannot be rigid. On the basis of accurate expression, the space is interspersed, the rhetoric is changeable, the article is more varied, the levels are clear, and the natural score is higher.
Third, the application materials
It is a fool to write with all materials, and it is even more foolish not to use materials. Since it is a given material, it naturally has its uses. The viewpoints provided by the materials are often not single, some are obvious conflicts, and some are potential conflicts. We must use the ruler of superior policy to "measure" these views. Under normal circumstances, as long as the policy requirements are in place, they should not be confused.
On the basis of careful screening, the materials can basically be divided into two categories: supporting opinions and refuting opinions. People who boldly quote support views in the article; Those who refute the point of view, as a negative example, slightly refute it as a supplement. It is worth noting that the application should be based on argumentation and not too many refutations.
In fact, after using the materials, writing an application becomes a "tailor", and you don't have to write a few words yourself: the style of clothes is opinions, the cloth is materials, the needle and thread is paragraphs and sentences, and the labor is yourself. Just write a good title, a good beginning, a good ending, a few good # civil service exam # leads, and then sort out the combined materials and do a good job.
In addition, adhering to official thinking does not mean that you are afraid to speak with your hands and feet tied. If you want to get high marks, you must dare to write, speak and express your opinions. Under the premise of meeting the policy requirements and the selected viewpoints, it is a good article to draw lessons from them extensively and interweave with the data and remarks in the materials in one go.
Fourth, the number of applications
Curled like a human face. A pleasing picture can add a lot of points to candidates.
First, the writing is better. A bad word will ruin your future. I have suffered a lot in this respect. Not much to say, try to write the words well in the process of answering questions.
Second, the layout is even. The writing of the article is basically "olive-shaped": small at both ends and large in the middle. The beginning is short and powerful, straight to the point, the middle argument is sufficient, the measures are appropriate, and the end is clear-cut and meaningful, so it must be "olive-shaped". It should be noted that in the middle argumentation at all levels, it is also necessary to be "fat and thin", and it is not possible to end the battle in three or two sentences because a certain paragraph seems too little, giving people the feeling of insufficient argumentation; Nor can we highlight a paragraph just because we have a deeper understanding of a certain issue and a more comprehensive consideration of a certain measure. The solution is nothing more than merging and splitting, ironically: when it grows up, it will split into several points; Shortness is sum, which is one point; The content is not enough, the front says the opposite, the opposite says the front, and so on. In short, the arguments should be as unified as possible.
Specifically, 800 words, 20*40 manuscript paper, ***40 lines. The title+empty paragraph accounts for 2 lines, the first 3 lines, the last 3 lines and the remaining 32 lines. Starting, starting, turning and ending need 8 lines each, 160 words. # Civil Service Examination # The introduction is about 10, and the rest is 150. Divided into 3-4 sections, each section is about 40 words. The examples of increasing farmers' income in the Sentence Framework have reached 60 words.
The purpose of the exam is to get high marks. The above is just an empirical exposition of the writing and application of official documents in combination with the actual work, in order to "grind a gun at the last minute", which is unconventional and unsystematic. I hope it can be absorbed critically, which is helpful for the exam.