Lu You once said, "If you want to learn poetry, your kung fu is beyond poetry." It can be seen that the importance of accumulating materials. However, in ordinary composition teaching, we often encounter the phenomenon that "students bite the pen and teachers frown", and the effect of composition teaching is like "cutting the meat with a blunt knife", which is time-consuming but ineffective. The reason why students' thinking is not smooth and can't be developed quickly is that they usually don't know how to accumulate writing materials. So how should we guide students to accumulate writing materials and let them have something to say? In specific teaching, the author thinks that the accumulation of writing materials can be completed from the following aspects.
1. Accumulate writing materials in life
Life is the inexhaustible source of writing. Facing the ever-changing daily life, always keep your eyes open and take a sensitive heart, and there will naturally be inexhaustible fresh materials in your life. This requires students to have certain observation, imagination and thinking ability on life, and also have certain life experience. Composition cannot be separated from life: the source of composition comes from bits and pieces in ordinary life; The process of composition is the process of students experiencing and feeling life, and the process of creating and appreciating life.
Chinese Curriculum Standard (Experimental Draft) points out: "Writing teaching should be close to students' reality, make students easy to write and be willing to express, and guide students to pay attention to reality, love life and express their true feelings." The prerequisite for students to write well is to let them learn to love life. The ancients said: "Interest is like the color of the mountain, the taste of the water and the light in the flowers. Although a good speaker can't say a word, he who knows it knows it." However, even in the colorful life world, students often feel that there is nothing new to write. They have failed to be "understanding people" in life, and they live on life, lacking in perception and imagination. It is necessary to cultivate people who are interested in training students to do life and guide them to appreciate the beautiful scenery such as mountains and rivers, vegetation, blue sky, snow and waning moon; Feel the true feelings such as joys and sorrows, worldly desires; Excavate the truth that things change and things change. Guide them to actively and optimistically engage in life with healthy and extensive interests, consciously acquire rich perceptual knowledge from life, and always associate, compare, analyze, screen and synthesize, learn to look at life with rational and artistic eyes, so as to stimulate their love for life. Observing life is an important way to get familiar with life and an important way to get writing materials. Mr. Lu Xun wrote in a letter about writing articles: "Pay attention to all kinds of things, look more, and don't just write a little when you see one." "Look more" here means to investigate more and observe carefully. When observing, we should "involve the five senses", so that we can see, touch, ask, listen and think, form a three-dimensional image of living things in our minds, and even realize the essence and significance of life events. Let the materials of life be shown in your mind like scenes, and choose by yourself. Teachers can also create interesting and substantial learning and living environment for students: they can perform in class, and they can also take students to visit, visit and interview. Leading from the campus to the outside of the campus, adjusting students' study life, with personal experience, inner feelings and true feelings, provides real materials for writing. Writing can naturally come at your fingertips, and your interest doubles.
Second, accumulate writing materials through reading
Writing needs not only direct experience from life, but also a lot of rich indirect experience. The process of reading is a process of absorbing indirect experience, accumulating language and forming language. Ye Shengtao compared reading and writing to the relationship between "absorbing" and "pouring out". You can't write a good article without absorbing rich nutrition. Through reading, you can not only accumulate knowledge, because written materials can break through the limitations of time and space, and you can get wider and richer materials than observation; But also can enliven the mind, raise awareness and accumulate language. Reading is the cornerstone of writing. If teachers want to guide students to write their compositions well, they must store enough vocabulary and language in their minds, so that "original product" can be handy and "thin hair".
the first way to accumulate reading is reading in class. In-class reading is a kind of reading which is based on textbooks and enjoyed by teachers and students. The titles selected in the textbook are tried and tested beautiful articles, the crystallization of the author's long-term observation and thinking about life and society, and the high combination of profound ideology and perfect artistry. As long as it is sorted and classified, many contents can be used as writing materials, which is really called "taking local materials". Compared with extracurricular reading, Chinese course is the most direct and simple source to acquire and accumulate knowledge materials, which is more effective, targeted and communicative. This requires teachers to be bold and innovative in the teaching design of in-class reading, not only to guide students to deeply understand the reading materials and tap the essence, but also to make them learn something, learn something, learn to accumulate, from form to content, from language to technique, from mastery to application, and innovate in imitation. Let in-class reading become another realistic resource for students' writing and arouse their writing emotions.
and another important way of reading accumulation is extracurricular reading. If Chinese learning only stays in the study of textbooks, it will eventually be malnourished. Extracurricular reading is the continuation and expansion of classroom reading and an essential part of reading ability training. Teachers should guide students to extend Chinese learning beyond class, create a broad space for Chinese learning, help students to read more books, read well, think in reading, transform knowledge in reading, make the language materials in reading materials for their own use, and enhance their language heritage. It is imperative to guide students to face the complicated and colorful reading world correctly, and to guide students in extracurricular reading in a planned and purposeful way.
First of all, we should cultivate students' interest in reading. The research of modern psychology shows that interest is the most direct, active and realistic factor affecting students' learning activities. Interest is the motivation to learn all courses well. For students, with reading interest, they will step into the hall of reading, try to find reading opportunities and get reading satisfaction, and students will change "want me to read" into "I want to read". Teachers can let students introduce their favorite extracurricular reading materials to their classmates, which can give full play to their initiative, promote everyone to read more books, and stimulate their interest in reading. Teachers can also teach by example, arouse students' emotional * * * with "appearance statement", and make them have a strong desire to read. At the same time, they can collect some famous sayings about reading in a planned and purposeful way, comment and appreciate them. Tell the stories of famous people who have become talents by reading, and make comparison and education, so as to arouse students' worship of scholars and desire for books, form a strong intention to make friends with books, and stimulate students' interest in reading.
Secondly, guide students to make a feasible reading plan after class and choose suitable books for reading after class. Making a feasible extracurricular reading plan should include the purpose, requirements, steps, methods and bibliography of reading, so as to avoid the randomness and blindness of reading and achieve one reading goal at a time and step by step. The choice of extracurricular reading books should be widely read, and there should be a certain amount of accumulation; At the same time, we should have a choice, strive for a qualitative breakthrough, and choose books with healthy thoughts, beautiful literature and strong knowledge, which can be famous sayings, historical stories, anecdotes of celebrities, etc., as well as literary works, especially famous works. We can also designate some books and magazines that are beneficial to writing skills and reflect the fine works and popular works of students' life. Only by reading good books can we cultivate our sentiments, purify our thoughts and improve our self-cultivation.
Third, teach students how to read and let them learn to read. Scientific reading methods will get twice the result with half the effort. Teachers should teach students to read intensively, skim and browse. These three methods have their own uses, and the reading method can be determined according to the reading content and reading needs. When reading through, we should mainly skim and know the general idea. When encountering branches and leaves, it is advisable to browse; When you encounter wonderful fragments, read them intensively, chant and ponder them repeatedly, and circle and record them. Only in this way can there be both speed and gain.
Finally, urge students to complete reading and writing tasks and carry out effective extracurricular reading evaluation equally. If you want to think like a spring, you must sharpen your pen, try to make students pay attention to circles, dots, hooks and drawings in reading to deepen their impressions, extract expressive words and sentences and accumulate philosophical paragraphs. Teachers should also pay attention to guiding students to write what they feel in their hearts and become reading experience. This can not only strengthen the understanding of the content of the article, but also deepen the memory of the wonderful parts, and realize a virtuous circle of reading with writing and promoting reading with writing. At the same time, according to the formulated extracurricular reading plan, we should seize the opportunity to carry out the special topic and evaluation of extracurricular reading, so that students can further improve their communication and evaluation. When communicating, the content can be diversified: you can talk about the theme and plot of the work and express your views; Secondly, the main body of evaluation should be diversified: teachers can evaluate each other as well as students. On this basis, teachers should guide and comment with "equal chief", and revise their reading experience and put forward their own suggestions for students. In this way, students' reading ability and writing ability can be improved.
Third, using network resources to accumulate writing materials
The network has gradually penetrated into all aspects of human life, and in the field of education, more and more educators have devoted themselves to the network environment to explore new ways of education and teaching. The author thinks that the powerful amount of information on the Internet shows a lot of information materials for students, and provides a wider world for students' writing, so that students can learn more and faster. Multimedia network provides students with rich audio and video materials, which arouses students' interest in composition. Students click the mouse lightly, and the whole world is in front of them. The "image" in the network can be used as the basic material for writing; "Sound" can create situations and cultivate temperament; Can "Wen" give students examples, hints and inspirations? You can also try to write according to the extension of the text. Teachers can make full use of the visual image of the network to create situations for students and stimulate their interest in writing; You can also use the * * * enjoyment of the network to guide students to "paste" beautiful words and wonderful paragraphs read online into their own "writing material library", and guide them to record their emotions, experiences and feelings in the "writing material library" and classify, select and sort them out regularly; You can also make use of the interactivity of the network, appreciate the exercises, exchange your own "writing material library" with your classmates, complement each other, eliminate the false and retain the true, and improve your autonomous learning ability. In this way, the use of network resources for composition teaching has stimulated students' interest in writing, fully mobilized students' enthusiasm and initiative, and opened up a new world for composition teaching. With the enjoyment of resources, the speed of students' accumulation of writing materials has obviously accelerated.
In fact, most students in vocational middle schools are not good at Chinese, and have not yet developed good study habits. They need our more attention in daily life and teaching life. Only those who are willing to guide them to do life carefully observe life, experience life carefully and think deeply about life can get rich, profound, meticulous and systematic materials. Writing materials are also accumulated over time, and it takes hard work to form a good habit of regular accumulation. There are various ways to accumulate writing materials, but no matter which way, we should pay attention to three links: observing life, reading in and out of class and increasing information.