Conducting impromptu speeches requires a wide range of knowledge and literacy, as well as agile thinking, rapid language expression and adaptability.

1. Appropriate preparation skills

1. Knowledge literacy preparation:

The speaker’s knowledge accumulation, interests and hobbies, experience and accomplishments are closely related to the success of the speech. relationship. "It's hard for a good woman to make a meal without rice." Many speakers feel that the biggest difficulty in giving a speech is the lack of speech materials. This requires us to be thoughtful people at ordinary times, "care about family affairs, national affairs, world affairs, everything", read, collect and accumulate materials extensively, study humanities and natural sciences from all over the world, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, and at the same time strengthen our own thinking. , moral, emotional and other aspects of cultivation. This is a long-term, trivial and complex job. Focus on the following aspects:

① Collect more historical data, memorize the relevant situations of important historical events and figures, and organize them into categories;

② More Collect real-life data, and be familiar with and think about the major political, economic, cultural, scientific and technological events and figures happening at home and abroad today;

③ Strengthen memory and remember more famous quotes , proverbs, classical poetry, classic literature, fables, current affairs and political commentary, etc.

Exercise: Please use the themes of "Cherish Time", "Dedicate Youth", "Cherish Life" and "Long Live Peace" respectively to collect famous quotes, stories, figures from ancient and modern China and abroad, and typical examples.

Please collect 5 ancient and modern poems about family, love, and friendship and recite them.

2. Preparation for on-site observation:

The speaker should observe and become familiar with the speech scene as soon as possible, and promptly collect and capture what he sees and hears at the scene, including the scene environment (time, location, scene layout) ), the audience, the speeches of other speakers, etc. to determine your own topic and increase the impromptu factor of your speech.

3. Psychological quality preparation:

Since it is based on feelings, you must have stable emotions, full confidence, and the belief that you must win, so as to ensure smooth thinking. , What you say is meaningful, full of emotions, calm and calm.

2. Quick thinking skills

Presence determines that impromptu speakers must have strong quick thinking ability. Quick thinking means quickly organizing internal language. It is actually a process of rapid creation and drafting. Its main skills are: three concentration, four thinking, and five borrowing.

Three "sets": Set the topic, set the point of view, and set the framework

Determine the topic - choose what you want to say, what the audience wants to hear, what you can talk about, and social life Needed topics;

Establishing a point of view - should establish a clear, concise, correct and profound point of view that is acceptable to everyone and reasonable;

Establishing a framework - two modes :

Get straight to the point: also called pyramid pose. The method is: first highlight the topic, and then demonstrate and analyze the topic in more detail.

The winding path leads to a quiet place: also known as Carnegie’s “magic formula.” The method is: first give an example, then describe the main points, give three reasons, and conduct argumentation and analysis.

Four "thinkings": reverse thinking, in-depth thinking, divergent thinking, and comprehensive thinking

Reverse thinking: refers to thinking about a problem from the opposite direction, that is, going against the traditional view and proposing it. Relative or opposing views. This is a rebound Pipa-style thinking mode, which clearly manifests as a critical spirit towards tradition, but it should be noted that the views must be well-founded and able to justify themselves.

In-depth thinking: From trivial matters that most people think are not worth talking about, or conclusions that do not require further discussion, we can discover the deeper essence of things hidden by phenomena. That is, "seeing the essence through phenomena."

Divergent thinking: generating a large number of various answers from the same problem and finding a variety of correct ways to deal with the problem. Versatility, flexibility, precision and novelty are its characteristics.

Comprehensive thinking training: It is the comprehensive application of the previous three kinds of thinking. In fact, when we think about problems, we generally use various kinds of thinking together.

Five borrowings: borrowing from topics, borrowing from people, borrowing objects, borrowing things, and borrowing scenes. There are many things to "borrow", and "five borrows" refer to them in general. It requires the speaker to be good at observing the scene and obtaining information.

The road map of quick thinking: observation - grasping the topic - attributive point - expanding the speech point (organizing the language) - arrangement of word order - expression.

Practice: Give some pictures, observe them carefully and give an impromptu speech, and carefully experience the process of quick thinking.

3. Expression skills (four skills, five emphasis)

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Four expression skills:

1. Scattered points: When nervously selecting materials and conceiving ideas before an impromptu speech, there will be many scattered thinking points in people's minds, which should be captured during the speech. For these thinking points, determine a center from the relationship between these points, and use it to connect these points. Discard all that have nothing to do with the topic. When the expression network is formed, you can start speaking.

2. Model conception: Use the two models we mentioned earlier as a framework to make your expression organized.

3. Expand the sentence into a chapter: that is, the method of conceiving straight to the point. But we must also clarify the line of thinking and pay attention to clear logic.

For example: The sentence "The current situation needs heroes like Xu Honggang" can be expanded to look like this:

The current situation needs heroes like Xu Honggang and we need to vigorously promote revolutionary heroes. ism. Reform and opening up is an unprecedented undertaking. It has difficulties, twists and turns, and risks. It cannot be carried out without superhuman courage. The fight against nature will not be smooth sailing. There are many things in nature that we don’t know, which are unpredictable, dangerous, and difficult. Therefore, there will be bloodshed and sacrifices. For example, outer space exploration may lead to no return; undersea exploration may lead to death in the belly of a fish; mountaineering, underground coal mining, high-altitude operations, scientific experiments, mechanical operations, etc., all involve certain risks. Without revolutionary heroism, there is no The spirit of self-sacrifice cannot be achieved at all. What's more, reform and opening up will inevitably lead to the rise of some rotten things. Evil forces and hostile forces at home and abroad are watching and waiting for opportunities. This makes it even more necessary for us like Xu Honggang to dare to stand up at critical moments and be ready at any time. He sacrificed his life heroically to defend the achievements of reform and opening up. Therefore, under the situation of reform and opening up, in the journey towards the four modernizations, it is not that there is no need for revolutionary heroism or heroes like Xu Honggang, but it is more urgently needed; it is not that there are no opportunities for performance, but it provides a broader scope. world.

Exercise: Please expand your speech on the topic "Everywhere in life is an examination room".

4. Take advantage of X. That is the "five borrowings" mentioned earlier. After "borrowing", it should be expanded into sentences and articles.

Appendix: "Techniques for Impromptu Speaking - Speak, Only by Speak will you be able to speak" (China Taofen Foundation, Editorial Department of "Communication and Eloquence")

Five Pay attention to:

1. Pay attention to the beginning, which is fascinating; pay attention to the end, which is thought-provoking;

2. Pay attention to the content, be meaningful, witty and humorous, and have profound implications;

3. Pay attention to language form, focus on oral short sentences, and skillfully use rhetorical techniques such as metaphors, parallelism, questions, rhetorical questions, quotations, and repetitions; pay attention to the use of transition words, sentences, and paragraphs to strengthen cohesion; prevent bad language habits and do not use Foul language, slang, and dialect.

4. Pay attention to the passionate tone and grasp the ups and downs of the tone;

5. Pay attention to the image of the speaker and prevent bad habits.

Reference: rencai.com/yanjiang/jiuzhi/11845.htmla