German political party Social Democratic Party

German: Sozial demokratische Partei Deutschlands; Abbreviated SPD；; Social Democratic Party for short. It is the oldest existing political party in Germany and one of the oldest and largest political parties in the world. Founded in 1863, it is one of the two major social political parties in Germany. The Social Democratic Party originated from the workers' movement, and at first it was clear about the nature of socialism (it is still a member party of the Socialist International). Recently, under the leadership of gerhard schroder, it has accepted some neo-liberal ideas while maintaining its commitment to social welfare. Now (in 2006), the Social Democratic Party still holds eight federal ministerial seats and the position of Deputy Prime Minister of Murkel's Cabinet.

Members under the age of 35 are organized in the Youth League of the Social Democratic Party.

social democratic party

President Sigmar Gabriel

The establishment period is1May 23, 863.

Berlin Willy-Brandt-Haus Headquarters D- 109 1 1

The middle line of political thought, social democracy

The historic integration of the international organization Socialist International SPD was assisted by the German philosopher Marx. The Social Democratic Party still regards Marx as the spiritual leader and regards Marx's thought as the blueprint of the party's policy.

1989, because SPD has changed from the Workers' Party (Arbeiterpartei in German) to the People's Party (Volkspartei in German), SPD bid farewell to the Godersberger program extended from 1959 and replaced it with the Berlin Declaration. Today, the Social Democratic Party will issue a new manifesto of political parties in 2007, in order to better emphasize the views of political parties and clarify their political views (especially with CDU).

In 2006, the Social Democratic Party became a member of Germany's grand coalition government (Social Democratic Party, CDU Party and CSU). According to the agreement that the three major political parties jointly formed a cabinet, the Social Democratic Party flag won eight cabinet seats. Frank-Walter Steinmeier, the chief of staff of Premier gerhard schroder, will be the foreign minister, while the position of finance minister belongs to the beloved former governor Pierre Steinbruck.

Social Democratic Party regards social justice as one of its main political views. Only with economic development and fair distribution of benefits can citizens enjoy social welfare better. At the same time, the Social Democratic Party believes that a powerful country that attaches importance to social welfare can protect the rights of vulnerable groups, and a fiscal policy that fully meets the needs of the next generation is also very necessary. In order to achieve this goal and benefit different groups of people, the Social Democratic Party put forward new reform issues, such as a new tax policy for the rich.

In social politics, the Social Democratic Party is committed to civil law, open society and citizens' participation in politics. They are the cornerstones of freedom, justice and unity.

In international policy, the Social Democratic Party has adopted a more active European integration and foreign policy. The establishment of anti-socialist law

1863- 19 14: Established, anti-socialist law, the Social Democratic Party did not have an accurate time to establish the party, and it is generally believed that the All-German Workers' Union (ADAV: German: Allgemeinen Deutsche Arbeitereins, founded in Leipzig on May 23rd, 1863). Sometimes, 1875, from May 22nd to 27th, the All-German Workers' Association (ADAV) and the Social Democratic Labor Party (SDAP, founded by Auguste Baerbel and Eizenakh School in Eizenakh in 1869) merged to form the German Social Workers' Party (SAP, SOZIALISTISTISTIS). Due to the anti-socialist law implemented in the autumn of 1890, the German Social Workers' Party was renamed the German Social Democratic Party (SPD). A year later, the Elford Declaration (German: Parteitag in Erfurt) was adopted in Elford. The party programs written by Karl karl kautsky and eduard bernstein rejected reformism and tended to Marxism.

The early Social Democratic Party often stood on the side of the trade union, and guided the Marxist revolution in the same way as most socialist parties and Social Democratic Parties in Europe in the19th century. At the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century, eduard bernstein published his revisionist theory to oppose the revolutionary theory that dominated the Social Democratic Party. His revisionist theory has been promoted by the Social Democratic Party until after the First World War. In essence, his theory holds that democratic and legal elections can be held in Germany to change the government, thus realizing Germany's socialist transformation.

This historic social democratic change was strongly opposed and suppressed by Otto von Bismarcks, the Prime Minister of the Empire. See the anti-socialist law (German: Sozialistengesetze), which leads to the rapid development of SPD party structure, and it has high working efficiency. During this period, Alfred Von Waldersee, a field marshal who is considered as the spokesman of state power, repeatedly called for the violent suppression of social Democrats. However, the huge working class woke up at the most critical moment and quickly made the Social Democratic Party the largest party in Germany.

Although the Social Democratic Party was brutally suppressed in Bismarck's time, thanks to the support of trade unions, the Social Democratic Party was always able to expand its influence among workers inside and outside the parliament building. SPD occupied 27.2% of the seats in 1890, and increased to 34.8% in 19 12. 19 13 After Baerbel died, friedrich ebert and Hugo Haas led the SDP together. 1914-1919: World War I, November Revolution, Social Democratic Party split. When World War I broke out, the Social Democratic Party supported the issuance of war bonds (German: Kriegskrediten). Only karl liebknecht (son of William Liebknecht) and Otto Lule, two members of the Social Democratic Party, opposed the war bonds of 19 15. After an anti-war demonstration, Karl Lebouc nast was arrested in 19 16 and sentenced to imprisonment. But for some reason, he was released before the end of the war. During the war, many lawmakers disapproved of the increasingly humble gesture of the Social Democratic Party, and they formed a political party USPD unrelated to the Social Democratic Party.

19 16 Karl Lebuk Nasit and Rosa Luxemburg formed the left-wing Spartak Alliance, also known as "internationalism". Uneasy about the war, they stopped their activities in USPD and formed the Social Democratic Party Left Wing.

Not only rosa luxemburg, a left-wing anti-revisionist, but also karl kautsky, the publisher of New Times, and eduard bernstein, the father of revisionism, joined the USPD. From 19 15, one is called lensch-cunow-h&; AumlNisch-Gruppe's organization, closely related to German and Russian political critic Alexander Parvus, replaced karl kautsky and eduard bernstein and began to influence the anti-revisionist alliance. They expected Germany to win the First World War, implement the socialist system in Europe and liberate the people under the czar. Heinrich Kuno (ethnographer, lecturer at the Social Democratic Party School) replaced karl kautsky in 19 17, becoming New Era and later G &:ouml；; One of the authors of the Pulitzer Declaration and the Heidelberg Declaration. From 19 17, when most social Democrats began to think that the war would end in failure, the influence of the organization began to decline.

19 18, the defeat of the war was doomed, and the sailors of Helms Hafen and Kiel began to revolt. This is the German revolution in history, also known as the November Revolution. The revolution made the German emperor abdicate and finally fled to Holland. Under the leadership of Friedrich Friedrich Ebert, MSPD (Mehritsozialde Mokratische Partei Deutschlands) is preparing to change the government, and at the same time, Prince Max von Baden handed over power to friedrich ebert, chairman of the Social Democratic Party.

Spartak League and some USPD supported the establishment of Soviet regime in Germany, imitating the October Revolution that broke out in Russia years ago (German: R&; Aumlterepublik). But revolutionary soldiers and workers did not take the Russian October Revolution as an example too much. Most of them are running for ending the war and overthrowing the army and the government. Under this goal, MSPD and USPD merged again. This revolutionary government, led by Albert and hazel and composed of MSPD and USPD on an equal footing, is only a transitional government. It is only preparing to hold a national election in the near future and eventually produce a national assembly.

At the end of 19 18, most social Democrats and a few Democrats began to argue in the Coalition government about the military suppression of the uprising sailors. MSPD believes that unauthorized actions violate the democratic principles of the workers' movement, and they try to establish a compulsory police system (German: Volkswehr) and most social democratic and free groups. 1919 65438+10 In October, the Spartak League launched the second revolutionary wave, which swept through Germany. Friedrich ebert, chairman of the Social Democratic Party, hired the Freedom Corps to suppress the uprising.

With the support of most social Democrats, the right-wing nationalist Freedom Corps recruited by gustav noske launched an uprising against Spartakusaufstand German) and the Bavarian Soviet * * * and (in German: münchner R & amp； AumlTerepublik) carried out a bloody crackdown. As a result, gustav noske became the first defense minister of Weimar, and he was nicknamed "Red Hand". He should be responsible for the murder of revolutionaries by many well-known or unknown freedom corps. Rosa Luxemburg and Carli Bucharest were not spared in June 5438+09 19 65438+1October 15. Albert and Noske were attacked by left-wing groups and political parties inside and outside Parliament at that time, and were regarded as "revolutionary traitors" because of their positions. On June 5438+09 1 965438+1October1,leftist revolutionary alliances such as the Spartak League established the German * * * Production Party (German: Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands). This is also a sign that revolutionary social democracy and reform social democracy parted ways. From 19 19 to 1925, friedrich ebert of the Social Democratic Party became the prime minister of the young Weimar Republic, and the Social Democratic Party also dominated various government departments. 1922, the left began to rise, and the Social Democratic Party and the remaining USPD merged again. Since then, the Social Democratic Party has shared the dominance of government departments with them, and finally formed a grand coalition government of Miller II's cabinet headed by hermann muller, which expanded from 1928 to 1930. Otto Braun was also Prime Minister of Prussia from 1920 to 1932.

With some working-class voters turning to the German Production Party, the Social Democratic Party has been trying to maintain its political influence as an opposition party in the empire in order to reduce the loss of votes. During the Weimar Republic, the social foundation of the Social Democratic Party was dominated by professional workers organized by trade unions.

Although the National Socialist German Labor Party (NSDAP) began to rise gradually, the Social Democratic Party maintained its voter base. The Nazi party won the election by relying on young voters or even non-voters, but the Social Democratic Party did not have much opposition. Due to the structural crux of the Social Democratic Party, it is unwilling to cooperate with the German * * * Production Party (KPD), which is called social fascism by the Social Democratic Party, and other marginalized citizens' parties are not good partners against the Nazis.

The compromise policy adopted by members of the Social Democratic Party has led to more and more accusations from some young party member and leftists of the Social Democratic Party in the Bruening government (Regie Lung Brü ning1930-1932). 193 1 year, a part of Social Democratic Party leftists once again formed SAP (Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands). Known in a coup as Prussia (Preu &; Szligenschlag) movement, the last bastion of the Social Democratic Party was also breached. With all other political parties voting for the enabling law, the Social Democratic Party resolutely voted against it, defending its honor as a political party that emphasizes democracy.

After all the social democratic party's party property was confiscated, a considerable number of party leaders moved to other countries. On May 1933, some important members of the Social Democratic Party Parliament passed Hitler's diplomatic interpretation when their lives were threatened. On June 2 1 day of the same year, SPD received Hitler's ban, and on June 14, SPD was banned.

After World War I, the Social Democratic Party and the newly established German Production Party (composed of most SPD defectors) became new fierce competitors, especially because of the residual heat of the German revolution (see Weimar Republic). Braun, the leader of the Prussian government in Berlin and a socialist, was expelled in the military coup on July 20, 1932. The Nazi party banned the Social Democratic Party in 1933. The Social Democratic Party is proud that it is the only political party in 1933 that voted against the authorization law.

Reconstruction of Social Democratic Party after World War II. In West Germany, the Social Democratic Party was originally an opposition party, but German Chancellor Willy Brandt and Helmut Schmidt led the federal government from 1969 to 1982. In the Goldberger Plan of 1959, the Social Democratic Party abandoned the concept of class political parties and Marxist principles, and continued to implement social welfare plans. Although the Social Democratic Party initially opposed West Germany's accession to NATO on 1955, it now strongly supports Germany to strengthen its relations with the alliance.

In the Soviet-occupied area, later East Germany, the Social Democratic Party was forced to merge with the German Producers' Party and established the German Unified Socialist Party. After the great changes in Eastern Europe from 65438 to 0989, the Social Democratic Party of East Germany returned to the state of an independent political party, and after the reunification of Germany, it merged with the Social Democratic Party of West Germany. Under the leadership of Gerhard Schroeder, the Social Democratic Party announced the establishment of a better platform to reduce the unemployment rate. With a support rate of 40.9%, 1998 became the most powerful political party in the German federal election. The key strength of the Social Democratic Party's victory lies in the big cities and federal states with traditional industries. After losing the election in 1982, the Social Democratic Party returned to the ruling position in 16 through the coalition government with the Green Party.

1995 1 1 oscar lafontaine was elected chairman of the social democratic party. At the same time, he is also a member of the government cabinet and serves as the Minister of Finance. 1March, 999, he resigned from party affairs and government affairs because of his disagreement with the Prime Minister's philosophy. Schroeder became the party chairman after Lafontaine.

In the September 2002 election, the Social Democratic Party won 38.5% of the national votes, narrowly defeated the CDU/CSU, and formed a new coalition government with the help of the Green Party. The European election in 2004 was a disaster for the Social Democratic Party, which achieved the worst result in the national election: the lowest point after World War II was 2 1.5%. At the beginning of this year, the leadership of the Social Democratic Party was handed over from Prime Minister gerhard schroder to Franz Muntefering, which was widely regarded as a solution to the opposition within the party to the economic reform promoted by the federal government.

The membership of the Social Democratic Party began to decrease many years ago. The Social Democratic Party has one million party member in 1976. By 1998, the election victory was only 775,000, which was reduced to 663,000 in September 2003. In 2005 1 1 only 59 1 10,000 people remained.

In April, 2005, Muentefering, the party chairman, openly opposed the excessive profit-seeking in the German free market economy, and asked the federal government to intervene more to promote economic justice. This caused a debate that dominated the national news for several weeks, which became the theme of the front page articles of almost all major magazines and was reported by major TV news almost every day. Minteferin's proposal was criticized by some employee organizations and economists, but it still received public support (75% in some opinion polls).

On June 5438+ 10, 2005, some members of the Social Democratic Party left the Party and formed the Labor and Social Justice Party (WASG) to oppose the neo-liberal tendency of the Social Democratic Party. In May 2005, oscar lafontaine, former chairman of the Social Democratic Party, joined the New Party.

In 2005, general elections were held in North Rhine-westfalen, which has always been known as the "hometown of the Social Democratic Party". The results of the first round of elections announced on May 22nd showed that the Social Democratic Party fell behind its main competitor, CDU/CSU, by 7 percentage points and lost its ruling party status for 39 years. Therefore, the Schroeder government suggested that the federal parliamentary elections be held in advance in the autumn of 2005.

On April 10, 2006, Matthias Platzek, chairman of the Social Democratic Party, resigned due to severe hearing impairment. [1] Kurt Beck, a former vice-chairman elected by the Provisional Party Congress, succeeded him in May. August bebel (August)

Wilhelm liebknecht (wilhelm liebknecht)

Karl karl kautsky.

Eduard bernstein (Edward)

Rosa luxemburg (rosa luxemburg)

[Editor] The leader of the Social Democratic Party between the two world wars

Friedrich Ebert

Philip Xie Deman

Gustav Bauer

Hermann miller (hermann miller)

[Editor] Chairman of the Social Democratic Party

August Baerbel and Paul Singh1892-1911

August Baerbel and Hugo Haas191-1913.