"There is Kong Ming in solitude and water in fish."

When Liu Bei's Baidicheng entrusted orphans:

"Strict protection as the center, unified internal and external military affairs, guarding Yongan. "

Although Shu Han was the weakest force in the Three Kingdoms period, influenced by The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, people had a better impression on the heroes of Shu Han, especially the story between Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang, which has always been a popular story.

In the eyes of many people, Zhuge Liang is absolutely loyal to Liu Bei, and Liu Bei also trusts Zhuge Liang. But why did Liu Bei hand over the relieving power to Li Yan instead of Zhuge Liang before he died?

Baidicheng Tuogu

The author believes that Liu Bei did this mainly for the following three reasons:

First, Li Yan's military capability is even better.

As a monarch, Liu Bei's greatest advantage is to make good use of people. He has a pair of "critical eyes" and can see through his people's abilities and let them take the appropriate positions. Wei Yan is the best example.

Liu Bei understood that although Zhuge Liang compared himself to Guan Zhong and Le Yi, his talent was not as exaggerated as he thought, but he was partial and proficient in politics, but he lacked in military strategy. Chen shou also clearly pointed out in the "reflection":

"It is better to run the army for a long time, seek short-term, and manage the merits of the people, which is better than strategy, and the contingency will be slightly, not its strengths."

In Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang's military talents were blown to the gods, setting fire to Wang Po, borrowing arrows from grass boats and burning Chibi from the east wind. However, in the official history, these things have nothing to do with him. In fact, there is no direct evidence to prove that Zhuge Liang's military ability is very strong. On the contrary, most of the battles he commanded ended in failure.

For example, in 65438+ 10, in 228, Zhuge Liang made his first northern expedition. Everything was going well, but he didn't listen to Liu Bei's will and insisted on reusing Ma Su. Finally, he was forced to quit.

In the same year, in 65438+February, Zhuge Liang reorganized his military forces and made another northern expedition. Finally, because of the shortage of food and grass, I had no choice but to retreat.

In February of 23 1 year, Zhuge Liang made another northern expedition, which also failed because of lack of food.

Zhuge Liang was bent on restoring the Central Plains through the Northern Expedition, but he never succeeded. Although the strength gap between the two countries is part of the reason, it can also reflect that Zhuge Liang's military ability is not outstanding, at least not as good as his political ability.

Zhuge Liang stills

On the other hand, Li Yan has done much more in the military than Zhu Geliang.

As early as when working under Liu Zhang, Li Yan was highly regarded and held important positions at a young age. After Liu Bei entered Sichuan, he also attached great importance to Li Yan, who also proved his value with practical actions.

In AD 2 17, Gao Ding led an army to besiege Xindao County, and the situation was in jeopardy. So Liu Bei sent Li Yan to quell the rebellion. As a result, it was not long before Li Yan defeated Gao Ding and rescued Xindao County from the quagmire.

In 2 18, Liu Bei and Cao Cao planned to wage war in Hanzhong. Before the war started, there were internal problems. Ma Qin and Gao Sheng assembled tens of thousands of troops to take part in the uprising. The situation is very critical. If this rebellion is not handled properly, Liu Bei will be caught between Scylla and Charybdis. At that time, not only will Hanzhong not be captured, but the territory that has already been captured will gradually be eroded.

At the critical moment, Li Yan stood out again. He led 5000 soldiers and horses to suppress the rebellion. With his outstanding military talent, Li Yan successfully achieved the goal of defeating the strong with the weak, killing Ma Qin, promoting his position and quelling the rebellion.

According to the records, Li Yan's military ability is obviously higher than Zhuge Liang's, so when Liu Bei entrusted an orphan to take charge of the internal and external military power of Shu Han, he was appointed as Zhongduhu.

Second, in order to ease the contradictions within the group.

As we all know, Liu Bei has been living under the fence and drifting from place to place in the early days of fighting for the world. Later, he looked for opportunities to expand his power and enter Sichuan to establish the Shu-Han Empire.

Before Liu Bei entered Shu, there were two main forces in Shu, one was the Eastern Zhou Group headed by Liu Zhang, Fazheng, Li Yan and Wu Yi, and the other was Yizhou Group represented by local nobles and gentry. There are always contradictions between the two groups, but with the help of Li Yan and Fa Zheng, they are still at peace.

Later, Liu Bei entered Shu, followed by Jingzhou Group headed by him. There are many voices of dissatisfaction with this foreign force, both the Eastern Zhou School and Yizhou School. To this end, Liu Bei also deliberately listened to Fazheng's suggestion and married Wuyi's sister, thus winning the hearts of the people.

However, Liu Bei's rule of Shu was too short. How easy is it to make everyone give in? Frequent rebellions after that were also related to the lack of popular support.

It never rains but it pours. The contradiction between several major groups has not been effectively resolved, which has led to the deterioration of Liu Bei's condition and his days of living are running out. At this time, he had to consider the internal problems of Han Shu Group.

You know, Liu Bei's designated successor is Liu Chan, and this incompetent king is called "A Dou". When Liu Bei was alive, he could not convince other groups. Liu Chan's succession in the future will definitely make the Eastern Zhou Group and Yizhou Group even more unconvinced, and may even lead to civil strife because of the power struggle.

And Liu Bei let Li Yan master the relieving, just to win over the hearts of the Eastern Zhou Group through him, so as to ease the contradiction of the Shuhan Group.

Third, balance the forces of all parties through the division of power.

As a monarch, Liu Bei has many common problems of other monarchs-suspicious people. He attached great importance to Zhuge Liang's truthfulness, but he never completely got rid of his dependence.

Before Baidicheng entrusted orphans, Zhuge Liang was already the prime minister of Shu Han, in charge of internal and external affairs in the court, ranking above one person and ten thousand people. If Liu Bei gives him military power again, Zhuge Liang's power will be too great, even threatening the position of Liu Chan, the late ruler.

Liang Wudi's orphan care is the best example. Because I trusted Huo Guang too much, I gave him a lot of power when I entrusted the orphan. As a result, Huo Guang monopolized the power, and even took advantage of the power in his hand, pulling Liu He, who had only succeeded for dozens of days, off the throne.

Although Liu He is incompetent, he is the heir of the emperor anyway. A courtier has so much power that he can abolish the emperor at will, even if he is not disloyal, it is unacceptable.

Huo Guang stills

Before he died, Liu Bei once said to Zhuge Liang:

"As long as you are ten times as long as xelloss, you can be safe and finally achieve great things. If the heir can supplement it, supplement it; If you are incompetent, you can take it yourself. "

It seems that Liu Bei deeply understands the important principle and lets Zhuge Liang freely choose whether to be a courtier or a monarch according to Liu Chan's performance. In fact, this is a passage that he tested Zhuge Liang. If Zhuge Liang had shown disobedience at that time, he might have become a martyr of Liu Bei.

You should know that Liu Bei has four sons, named Liu Feng, Liu Chan, Liu Yong and Liu Li. The last four words are "Zen", which means to govern the country like an emperor forever.

Liu Bei worked hard all his life and finally made great achievements. Naturally, he hopes that future generations will always be in the ruling class. How can an outsider (Zhuge Liang) be allowed to get his hands on Liu's country?

Therefore, Liu Bei handed over the military power to Li Yan in order to balance the forces of all parties through decentralization, which not only utilized Zhuge Liang's intelligence, but also avoided his monopolization of power.

To sum up, before he died, Liu Bei handed over the power of the general to Li Yan instead of Zhuge Liang. This is because Li Yan's military talent is superior, and Liu Bei wants to ease the contradictions within the group, balance the forces of all parties, and ensure the stability of the Liu family.

It's a pity that Liu Beiqian didn't figure it out. Li Yan's political ability was so poor that he soon lost military power, and the plan of decentralization and checks and balances ended in failure. Fortunately, even if Zhuge Liang monopolized the military and political power, he did not act recklessly, but wholeheartedly restored the Han Dynasty. Perhaps this is the main reason for his immortality!

Readers, what do you think?