Hans Zhang's famous poem Song of Thinking of Wujiang River expresses his disappointment in politics and his desire to avoid disaster through thinking of perch.
Ceng Pu's condemnation novel "Evil Sea Flower" shows the social features in the thirty years from the late Qing Dynasty and the early Tongzhi to the Sino-Japanese War.
The depth of homesickness is the meaning of retirement.
-interpretation of Hans Zhang's "thinking of perch"
Xu Jing (suzhou vocational university Management Department)
Hans Zhang, a famous scholar in Wu Dynasty, not only expressed his homesickness, but also hinted at the retreat of literati, which had profound implications and far-reaching influence.
Homesickness has been human nature since ancient times. However, the famous Wu scholar Hans Zhang has a unique meaning and is thought-provoking. (chún perennial aquatic plants, water shield. perch
Hans Zhang, a famous writer in the Western Jin Dynasty, was a native of Suzhou. At present, there is a stone statue of Hans Zhang in the Five Hundred Immortals Temple of Canglang Pavilion in Suzhou. Four words of praise are engraved on the top of the portrait: "The autumn wind is beautiful, I miss the perch, the first mountain is endowed with literary talent, and the scholar is a model." This 16 is concise and to the point, which outlines the temperament characteristics of Hans Zhang, a sage in Wuzhong.
According to historical records, Hans Zhang is well read, good at writing poems and fu, and rich in ideas. When I was young, I had a keen attitude towards the world and a strong sense of social responsibility, and I expected to make a difference. He Xun, a famous man in Huiji, was ordered to enter the DPRK and play the piano on the ship when passing through Nagato, Suzhou. Hans Zhang was in Jinchangge at this time, when he heard the elegant and melodious sound of the piano and followed the sound to visit He Xun. They hit it off at once. Knowing that He Xun had taken office in Luoyang, Kyoto, Hans Zhang went to Beijing by boat with He Xun. He came to Luoyang, the capital, as an official from his hometown of Suzhou, hoping to have the opportunity to display his talents and make contributions. However, the good wishes were soon dashed. It is not that there is no chance, but that he has seen through the rolling world of mortals.
At that time, Sima Tang (jiǒng, light; Ming Taizu also had a unique vision, took a fancy to Hans Zhang's talent, highly valued him, and appointed him as the official rafter. This is an important position, directly responsible for the recommendation, appointment and removal of officials. This can be said to be a prosperous opportunity for Hans Zhang's career. However, Hans Zhang is not happy because he has a pair of eyes. During his tenure in Beijing, he was keenly aware that this is a turbulent society. The Western Jin Dynasty is experiencing the "Eight Kings Rebellion". When Hui Di was in the Western Jin Dynasty, his stupidity created opportunities for some aspirants who were eager to become emperors. During the seventeen years of Hui Di's rule, eight monarchs fought against each other and the imperial power was violently usurped. Zhang Hans knows it clearly. On the surface, it is intertwined. In fact, it is manipulated, and danger is everywhere. Sima Tang, the ruling king of Qi at that time, was very successful. Because of his meritorious service in punishing Sima Lun who usurped the throne, he got the highest treatment from the official and Jiu Xi, just one step away from the throne of the emperor. At this time, the credit is great, the status is high, and it is gradually arrogant. In order to consolidate the regime and exclude dissidents, he tried to destroy the king's power by any means. Although Sima Tong was in power at that time, his influence was no less than that of Japan and China, but Hans Zhang had a sense of crisis. He predicted the doomed end of Sima Tong from the chaotic power struggle at that time, from Wang Qi's monopolization of state affairs, and from his increasingly arrogant and credulous behavior. At this time, it is autumn. The Book of Jin, Hanshu and Zhangzhuan said: "Because of the autumn wind, Hanshu misses Wuzhong leek, soup and perch." When the poet saw the autumn wind, white clouds, yellow grass and wild geese returning to the south, he suddenly realized the passage and waste of time, and a feeling of homesickness arose. He remembered the past rural life and hometown scenery, especially the delicious shepherd's purse, soup and perch unique to Wuzhong, so he wrote the famous "Homesick Song of Wujiang River" with a stroke of a pen:
When the autumn wind is beautiful, the Wujiang River is full of water and the perch is fat.
It's a pity that I haven't returned for three thousand miles.
Since ancient times, the cool autumn wind has most easily touched people's homesickness. As soon as the autumn wind blows, the fresh air brings a fresh and pleasant coolness, which relieves the nervous nerves and tired mentality, and the long past comes to mind. I miss my hometown far away. The water is clear and the scenery is beautiful. At this time, the Wujiang River is full of water, which is the fat harvest season of perch. What is the value and significance of this kind of life? When the autumn wind is raging and homesickness is lingering, but now the poet is far away, unable to go home, unable to be free and peaceful in the shady vanity fair? When the poet thought of this, he could not help but arouse "hate" and "sadness" in his heart. Literally, this kind of hatred and sadness is caused by "sea bass thinking", but if it is related to the political situation and turbulent situation when writing this poem, the meaning of political disappointment and disaster avoidance is obvious. That deep homesickness has become more and more intense because of the fear of civil strife in the imperial court and the unrest in the country. Here, I put aside my feelings about the status quo and turn my deep psychology away from troubled times into a desire for food. This is the implicit writing of poetry. In fact, Hans Zhang's nature is unrestrained, unrestrained, and his mood is comfortable. Seeing the chaos in the world, he intends to retire early. According to "Shi Shuo Xin Yu Jian", Hans Zhang once said to his fellow villagers: "There are many disasters in the world, and it is difficult to retreat if the husband is famous in the world. There are people in the mountains, and time is hopeless. " This means that the world is in turmoil and disasters. It is difficult for people who are generally famous in the four seas to get rid of vanity fair. I am a mountain man and have no hope for the status quo. That is to say, Hans Zhang has seen through it. He has arrived in Italy. Today, the autumn wind that aroused homesickness suddenly dawned on him: "Life is expensive, but ambition is hard to pay. Why stay thousands of miles to make a name for yourself?" The most important thing in life is comfort and freedom. How can you be bound by fame and fortune and leave your hometown thousands of miles away? Therefore, he claimed that he missed the food in his hometown in Suzhou and could not resist the temptation of food, so he had to resign and return to Wu. At that time, Hans Zhang also wrote an essay "Fu on the First Mountain" to describe his mind, but unfortunately this fu has not been handed down.
Soon, Sima Tang, the king of Qi, was defeated and killed in a new round of power struggle, and his subordinate officials were almost killed, but Hans Zhang survived because of his early withdrawal. What prescience this is! From this point of view, it is actually a wise move to judge the situation and abandon the official to return home. He experienced a mental process from the disappearance of Confucianism to the birth of Taoism. On the surface, it is because of the thinking of sea bass, but in essence, because of the maturity of thought and psychology, he has a profound insight and grasp of the real society, and then made a rational choice for his own life path. He came to Beijing all the way, hoping to display his outstanding talents and realize his ideal of saving the world. Unexpectedly, when I was born at an untimely time, I encountered the "eight kings' chaos" and internal friction continued. The sinister political struggle made him feel that his ideal was difficult to realize. The so-called "nothing is difficult in the world, nothing is impossible to a willing mind." "The prerequisite for the wise to join the WTO is that the world conforms to the Tao. If Tao is not implemented, you will step out of the intrigue officialdom, return to the mountains and rivers, take nature as your spiritual resting place, and live a quiet and comfortable seclusion life. This rational choice conforms to the nature of Zhang Hans. He was originally an open-minded person. According to Ren Xinyu's Birthday, Hans Zhang often indulged in drinking, and was proud of his drunkenness, similar to Ruan Ji. Someone advised him: "Qingnai can adapt for a while, but isn't there a famous evil behind him?" "You only pursue temporary pleasure, regardless of the reputation behind you? Hans Zhang's answer is really shocking: "It's better to have a glass of wine right away than to make me famous. "If I want to leave a good reputation after death, I might as well drink one more glass of wine now. This is a famous saying by Hans Zhang, which seems a little negative on the surface, but in a special background, it embodies a chic attitude towards life and an extraordinary beauty. Later, Brewmaster Li Bai also wrote in "It's Hard to Walk": "Have a drink before you die, and don't care whether your reputation will spread! ".This seems to be influenced by Hans Zhang.
Zhang Han in officialdom, and resolutely out of officialdom, it's beyond natural and unrestrained. However, not everyone has such wisdom, and they can transcend worldly utility. The most striking contrast is that Lu Ji, a great litterateur and celebrity of Wu, who was contemporary with Hans Zhang, fell into an unfathomable political trap because of his strong desire for fame and fortune. As the saying goes, he who knows the times is a hero. At that time, Lu Ji's friends advised him to retire and return to his hometown, but he didn't understand the times, lost his reputation and wanted to do something. As a result, he was framed and became a victim of the "Eight Kings Rebellion". Before his execution, he sighed, "How can I smell the beauty of the crane on the pavilion?" It means the cranes in my hometown Huating crow. How can I hear them again? This is really a tearful lament. Lu Ji was only 43 years old when he was killed, and he died young, which is embarrassing. Comparatively speaking, Zhang Hans is a wise man, a scholar and a master. He can have a deep insight into the world and the true meaning of life, and pursue the "noble and suitable ambition" of life, instead of struggling in the sea of misfortune and rapid ups and downs. After returning to Suzhou, he took the natural beauty of gardens and mountains as his spiritual sustenance. By the bridge, it is so pleasant and enjoyable to watch the sunset, listen to the running water singing softly and taste good wine and food. Although it was a helpless move at an untimely time, the poet doesn't seem to regret it, as evidenced by poems: the second poem of his Miscellaneous Poems is a metaphor for people, which reads "There are trees in the East" and "There are graceful clouds without flowers." The description of this tree in the poem is not ashamed, because it has no flowers and no fruit. Instead, it shows its pride with its tall and straight posture. This poem not only reflects the poet's disdain for secular prejudice, but also contains the author's full affirmation of his own value. The third poem of "Miscellaneous Poems" wrote: "Suddenly there was a bird with five colors mixed in English and Chinese." This poem tries to describe how unique this kind of "bird" is: its color is gorgeous, its voice is pleasant, it is unique and unique. This unique "flying to the sky" is also a metaphor for the poet's self-image. Indeed, because of the unique gardens and mountains and rivers, because of the vicissitudes of life and the vast sea of clouds, it is a beautiful life to be intoxicated with the eternal understanding of nature.
Zhang Hans may not have expected it. He didn't want to leave a name for later generations, but it happened that "the thought of perching" made Hans Zhang's reputation spread far and wide, and spread through the ages. When reading Tang and Song poems, we often encounter allusions of "autumn wind sea bass" and "thick soup sea bass". "Thinking of perching on a tree" has not only become synonymous with homesickness, but also refers to the retreat of literati. Since ancient times, literati and celebrities often regard returning to nature as the best place to adjust their body and mind while yearning for making achievements. When they can't "help the world", the idea of advocating nature provides them with a way to transcend reality, which is "seclusion". Take the landscape and countryside as a place to live, where you can learn new life opportunities, settle your haggard body and mind and soothe your sad soul. Therefore, timely retirement is not idle, but a positive state of life and a full display of life interest. Therefore, literati seclusion is a long-standing social phenomenon in the history of our country, especially in the historical period of political darkness. Wang Wenkun, a close friend, said, "Ying Ji, Wujiang perch and Yuanming's hometown live in Songju with the same intention." "condescending thinking" has become synonymous with abandoning official career, living in seclusion in the mountains, maintaining individual personality independence and yearning for free life.
Hans Zhang's "Thinking of perch" has a far-reaching influence on later generations, especially in Wuzhong. In the Song Dynasty, there was a perch pavilion and a "Three High Temple" (Memorial, Zhang and Lu Guimeng) next to Hongqiao in Wujiang, Zhang's hometown. In the long history, in the red dust, Wu people can often break the common dream of fame and fortune and have an indifferent and detached heart. Especially in turbulent times, Wu people feel more deeply that secular fame is just a passing thing and really not worth dying for. Only by maintaining a detached and comfortable attitude can we achieve psychological balance. In the face of fleeting and fleeting life, only by returning to nature can we save ourselves, get rid of the helplessness of life, and dig out different beauty in a limited life. This may be influenced by Hans Zhang, a sage in Wuzhong, who is a model of a scholar. The power of the model is infinite.