1. The most photogenic assassin: Jing Ke

"The wind is blowing, the water is cold, and a strong man never comes back." Jing Ke is undoubtedly the most famous assassin in history. , has been praised by people for generations, and is known to all women and children. Even the two famous modern directors have not let go of this theme. Jing Ke is regarded as the most photogenic assassin, and he is worthy of his reputation and is popular among the public.

2. The Best Creative Assassin: Zhuanzhu

Zhuanzhu, a surname from the state of Wu during the Spring and Autumn Period, was hired by Prince Guang of the state of Wu (later King Helu of Wu). to assassinate King Liao of Wu, his rival for the throne.

It is said that on the day of the incident, Prince Guang entertained King Liao at a banquet and secretly ambush the armored soldiers indoors. King Liao had also taken precautions and ordered soldiers to be stationed along the way. His trusted followers were also deployed on the left and right sides of the doors, windows and steps. The guards standing along the road were all holding long berylliums. When he was drunk and his ears were hot, Prince Guang pretended to be ill and retreated into the inner room. At this time, Zhuanzhu made a brilliant appearance! He gave full play to his imagination and subjective initiative, creatively hiding the dagger in the belly of the fish, and pretending to offer food to King Liao. When he came to King Liao, it was too late, but it was too soon! Zhuan Zhu suddenly tore open the belly of the fish, took out a dagger and stabbed Wang Liao! King Liao was killed on the spot. Unfortunately, Zhuanzhu was also killed by the guards immediately. Prince Guang took advantage of the fact that the enemy was leaderless and quickly ambushed the soldiers to attack King Liao's attendants and kill them all. In order to express gratitude to Zhuan Zhu, King Helu of Wu conferred the title of Shangqing on Zhuan Zhu’s son

3. The best tragic assassin: Yaoli

After King Helu of Wu ascended the throne, the king Liao's son Qingji fled to Weiguo. Qing Ji is a very extraordinary person, with a bravery that cannot be matched by ten thousand people. He is known as the first warrior in the Wu Kingdom. Now the Wei Kingdom is recruiting troops and horses, waiting for an opportunity to avenge his father. When Helu learned about this, he didn't think about food or tea. He spent day and night thinking about how to get rid of this serious problem, so he found a strong man. This person's name is to leave.

After some planning, Yaoli decided to adopt the bitter meat strategy. One day, when Li was about to have a sword fight with Helu in the palace, he deliberately stabbed Helu in the wrist with a bamboo sword, then cut off his own right arm with a real sword, and went to Weiguo to find Qingji. After leaving, Helu followed his plan and killed his wife. When Qing Ji found out the facts, he believed in Yaoli and regarded him as a confidant. He entrusted him with training soldiers and conspired with him. After three months, Qingji set out to conquer Wu, and he and Yaoli were on the same battleship. One night, the night was charming, and I wanted to take the opportunity of Qingji to have a drink at the bow of the boat. He stabbed Qingji with one arm under the moonlight, penetrating into his heart and out of his back. Qingji was extremely surprised and sighed: "How dare such a brave man in the world dare to stab me like this!" At this time, the guards on the left and right raised their swords and wanted to leave. Qingji waved his hands and said: "This is a brave man in the world. How can he kill him in one day?" There are two warriors in the world! Let him return to the country and fulfill his wish!"

After Yaoli returned to the country, Helu Golden Palace was granted the title of Yaoli. He refused to accept the resignation and said: "I killed Qingji not to serve as an official, but to ensure the peace of Wu State so that the people can live and work in peace and contentment." After saying this, he committed suicide in the Golden Palace. What a tragic and heroic man, who worked for his master and destroyed his family!

4. The best shocking assassins: Nie's siblings

Nie Zheng was originally a butcher. Chivalry is really a hobby. However, Nie Zheng was born to be an assassin. After a small show of his skills, he became famous in the world, and there was an endless stream of customers who came to contact him for business. One day, the Korean aristocrat Yan Zhongzi came to him with gold and sincerity, asking him to get rid of the Korean Prime Minister Xia Lei. Nie Zheng politely thanked him. Yan Zhongzi was displeased: "Are you trying to be a big name?" Zheng said: "No, it's just because my mother is alive and my sister is not married, so I can't die." Soon, Nie Zheng's mother passed away, and Yan Zhongzi came to pay filial piety and take care of his parents and children. present. Nie Zheng was deeply moved. After giving his mother a grand burial, Nie Zheng quickly married off his sister and followed Zhongzi to assassinate Xia Lei.

When the hero takes action, he is truly extraordinary. As the prime minister, Xia Lei had dozens of guards. However, Nie Zheng, a highly skilled martial artist, calmly attacked him from outside the Prime Minister's Office into the hall. He was stabbed to the core with a sword. Only then did the guards surround him. Seeing that he could not escape, Nie Zheng decided to commit suicide with his sword. Before dying, he dug out his eyes with a long sword and cut his face into a pile of flesh.

The hero has only one purpose in doing this: to prevent people from recognizing him, so as not to harm his dear and miserable sister!

In order to know who the assassin was, the king of South Korea posted a notice saying that anyone who could recognize this body was The bounty for the corpse is a thousand taels. After Nie Zheng's sister Nie Rong heard about it, she concluded that it was her brother who did it. She desperately came to Nie Zheng's body and cried loudly. The official asked her, aren't you afraid of being implicated? Nie Rong said: "The reason why my brother did this is to prevent you from recognizing him and to protect me. But in this way, won't his reputation be buried?" How can I let my brave brother die in obscurity just to protect myself?" After saying that, Nie Rong screamed three times and died beside his brother

5. The best performing assassin: Cao Mo

Cao Mo, a native of Lu, was famous for his strength and bravery. Duke Lu admired him very much and appointed him as a general to fight against Qi. Unexpectedly, he was defeated in all three battles. Duke Lu was timid and quickly negotiated to cede territory and seek peace. However, he did not blame Cao Mo and still made him his general.

Duke Huan of Qi agreed to form an alliance with Lu in Ke. Just as Dukes of Lu and Duke Huan were about to reach a humiliating agreement, Cao Mo rushed forward with a dagger in hand and kidnapped Duke Huan of Qi. Duke Huan's left and right men did not dare to move for fear of hurting their lord. Duke Huan asked, "What do you want?" Cao Mo said, "Qi is strong and Lu is weak, but you are going too far to bully the weak. What do you think, my lord, what should we do?" Duke Huan was forced to agree to return all the land that had been invaded by Lu. After receiving the promise, Cao Mo dropped his dagger and stood among the officials again, his expression unchanged and his words unchanged. Duke Huan became angry and wanted to break the contract, but Guan Zhong dissuaded him. So, without any effort, all the land that Cao Mo lost in three battles was returned to him.

With his loyalty, courage and smooth tongue, Cao Mo not only regained his land, but also saved his life. It can be said that Cao Mo has achieved remarkable results.

6. The best strategic assassins: Hou Ying, Zhu Hai

Hou Ying was a native of Wei during the Warring States Period. He was originally a security guard guarding the city gate, but he was not treated as an honored guest by Lord Xinling until he was seventy years old. Zhu Hai, a professional pig butcher, is a strange person who hides in the market. These two people played a key role in assisting Lord Xinling in rescuing Zhao.

Here's what happened. In 257 BC, the King of Qin sent a large army to besiege the State of Zhao. The State of Zhao was in danger, so he sent a messenger to the State of Wei to ask for help. The State of Wei sent Jin Bi with an army of 100,000 to reinforce. After King Qin knew the news, he began to threaten King Wei. The king of Wei was frightened, and Jin Bi, who was in a hurry to reach the halfway point, stopped moving forward. Lord Xinling knew very well the truth of the situation. He urged the King of Wei several times to insist on sending troops to rescue Zhao, but the King of Wei refused to do anything. Lord Xinling did not want to sit still and wait for death, so he raised his own carriages and horses and took his retainers to aid Zhao. When he passed the city gate, Hou Ying stopped him and told him: "Master, please do not act recklessly. I have a clever plan." Lord Xinling followed his plan and stole the Tiger Talisman from King Wei's concubine, and took Zhu Hai to Jin Bi to seize military power. Comrade Zhu Hai hammered Jin Bi to death on the spot for not obeying his orders. So Lord Xinling successfully seized the military power, commanded the army to rescue Zhao, and finally repelled the Qin army and saved Zhao. The entire plan is interconnected, meticulous and orderly, and is an excellent plan.

7. The Best Dedicated Assassin: Yu Rang

Yu Rang was a native of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period. He was repeatedly unsuccessful in his ambitions. After taking refuge with Uncle Zhi, he gained great attention. Later Zhibo was killed by his enemy Zhao Xiangzi, who used his skull as a wine glass. Yu Rang Chuli was furious, "A scholar will die for his confidant." Yu Rang decided to take revenge.

He first changed his name, pretended to be a criminal, and sneaked into the palace, trying to take advantage of the opportunity of renovating the toilet to assassinate Zhao Xiangzi with a dagger. The result was unsuccessful. Zhao Xiangzi considered that Yurang was willing to avenge his old master and was a righteous man, so he released him.

Yurang still refused to give up, and did not hesitate to disguise himself by applying paint on his body and changing his voice by swallowing coal, looking for opportunities to take revenge. When the opportunity came, Yurang lurked under a bridge in advance, preparing to assassinate Zhao Xiangzi when he passed by. Unexpectedly, Zhao Xiangzi's horse jumped suddenly, causing Yu Rang's plan to fail again. Yurang knew that he could not escape the disaster, so he begged Zhao Xiangzi: "I hope you can let me fulfill my last wish: take off your clothes and let me pierce them; in this way, even if I die, I will have no regrets." .

"Zhao Xiangzi agreed to him, and Yurang drew his sword, stabbed Zhao Xiangzi three times in the clothes, and then committed suicide.

Obviously, Yurang was not skilled in business, but he He is definitely a dedicated assassin. He reminds me of Mao Zedong’s famous saying: The only word in the world is to be serious!

8. The most derelict assassin - Zhao Dun

鉏钒, a native of the Spring and Autumn Period of Jin, (?--607 BC)

Some people do not think that Jianyuan was an assassin, because he did not commit an assassination at all. In current terms, the crime was terminated. Kuai's historical identity is indeed an assassin, and I personally think that Kuai possesses more qualities as a righteous man. Because he voluntarily gave up the assassination, he never became famous, but there is a wonderful record in "Zuo Zhuan".

At that time, Jin Linggong, the king of Jin, was tyrannical, tyrannical, and wealthy in his work. The people of Jin were filled with resentment.

In 607 BC, Tu'anjia, a doctor favored by Duke Ling, proposed a plan to harm Zhao Dun, saying: "I have a guest who is poor, and I often help him, and he appreciates the favor of me. , I am willing to work to the death, so that I can assassinate the Prime Minister!"

That night, Duke Ling and Tu'an Jia secretly summoned the imperial edict, gave them wine and food, and told them, "Zhao Dun has the power to deceive the emperor. Now I am sending you to assassinate me. You must not do it." Something went wrong. ”

After receiving the order, Jiuyi lurked around Zhao Mansion. At the fifth watch, he saw the double door opened. Jiuyi entered the middle door and saw the shadows of lights in the hall. , Sitting in the hall waiting for the day of the court, Kuai was shocked and walked out of the door, sighing: "You are so respectful, you are a loyal minister! To assassinate a loyal minister is unjust; to abandon him after the emperor's order is unbelief. . If you don't believe in injustice, how can you stand between heaven and earth?" He called to the door and said: "I, Kuaiye, would rather disobey the emperor than kill loyal ministers. I commit suicide now! I am afraid that there will be others who come after me, so the Prime Minister should be careful!" , he hit a big locust tree in front of the door, his brains exploded and he died. At this time, he alerted the gatekeeper and informed Zhao Dun. Zhao Dun sighed and ordered him to be buried shallowly beside the locust tree.

Assassins in European History

Speaking of assassins, we probably think of a guy who covers his face with a black cloth, has sharp and mysterious eyes, but his actions are always cunning. In fact. , there are people in history who are full of reverence for assassins. Ma Qian of the Taishi Company is one of them. He specializes in writing biographies for assassins. As a result, the heroic deeds of the four assassins of the Warring States period have become world-shattering and righteous deeds that make ghosts and gods weep. Among them, Jing Ke assassinated the Qin Emperor. It was put on the screen, both in movies and TV series, and it became really popular.

The most famous assassination in Western history is the death of Caesar, his "sudden death". The prophecy adds a bit of mystery to his assassination.

As for the value judgment of the assassination, I think it should be analyzed in detail, because the motivations of the assassination vary greatly, some are for money, and some are for money. Some are motivated by righteous indignation, some for political or religious ideals, and some simply want to do some earth-shattering things to satisfy their own vanity. Recently, I have been studying the history of modern Europe, and I have been deeply shocked by the murders. For what purpose, they all had a significant impact on the course of history. Below are some of the most influential and meaningful ones for discussion.

The dirtiest assassination: the Netherlands. The Elegy of the Founding Father

The Icon Destroying Movement in 1568 was the prelude to the Netherlands' resistance to Spanish rule and its struggle for independence. In this movement, the largest nobleman in the Netherlands at the time, William of Orange (Orange). In terms of class sentiment, he was favored by the former King Carlos of Spain. In terms of national sentiment, the shouts and blood of the Dutch people around him made him unable to sleep and eat well. , finally stood together with the Dutch people and embarked on the path of no return to resist the most powerful empire at the time - the Spanish Empire.

From then on, he became a thorn in the side of King Philip II of Spain and a thorn in the flesh. Becoming the most wanted criminal in the country, Philip II placed a huge bounty on his head.

After years of bloody fighting, the Dutch independent forces under the leadership of the Prince of Orange established a firm foothold in the northern Netherlands. The provinces of the Netherlands prepared to crown the venerable king as their king on July 12, 1584. But two days before the big day, tragedy struck.

On July 10, after the Prince of Orange and Mayor *** of Revarden had lunch, while they were chatting, the guard came up and reported: "Balthasar has completed all the formalities including his passport." , I came here to pick up some letters written by the prince to the French minister. "

Balthasar is a Frenchman, and his job is to deliver messages to France for the prince. He has just been working with the prince.

When the Prince of Orange walked down the stairs, Balthasar, who had been hiding behind a column next to the staircase, suddenly rushed towards the Prince, raised his pistol and fired three shots. At the prince's vital point, a generation of great men fell and never rose again.

The assassin hurriedly ran away, but happened to step on a pile of dog feces at the door and slipped to the ground, and was captured alive on the spot. He confessed that he was a spy sent by Philip II, and the purpose of assassinating the prince was just to win Philip II's huge bounty and title. Finally, he was beheaded after being tortured with a hot iron and a knife.

The descendants of the Prince of Orange inherited his position as the ruler of the Netherlands, eventually won the independence of the Netherlands, and became the royal family of the Dutch era.

The most unexpected assassination: the whole of France is crying

The 16th century was a difficult period for France in the process of transforming into a mature modern nation-state. Having just completed the unification and centralization of power in the country, it fell into complex disputes between Catholicism and Protestantism. Among the religious conflicts throughout Europe at that time, the most complicated situation was in France, because Catholic and Protestant forces were evenly matched. Since the "Terror of St. Bartholomew's Night" in 1572, France has been plunged into a long period of civil war and turmoil. After that, two kings were assassinated in succession. Among them, Henry III was converted because he betrayed his Catholic camp. The assassination of Henry IV (reigned 1589-1610) by a Catholic fanatic who sympathized with and even helped the Protestants was even more unexpected.

Henry IV was originally the king of a small state called Navarre on the southern border of France. He was a Protestant. Because Henry III died without an heir, Henry IV, a distant relative of the latter, succeeded to the throne. At that time, France was in the midst of a religious war | the "Huguenot War". Henry IV personally went into battle to fight, showing excellent military talent. But what really showed the great personality of Henry IV was in 1593. In view of the reality that French Catholics accounted for the majority, Henry IV resolutely announced that he had converted to Catholicism. Then in 1598, he announced the "Edict of Nantes" and declared Catholicism as the state religion of France. At the same time, the freedom of belief and due status of Protestantism are recognized. The "Edict of Nantes" was the earliest masterpiece embodying the spirit of religious tolerance in the West, and ultimately brought peace to France. After that, Henry IV devoted himself to developing production and restoring the economy, which was very effective.

One day in 1610, Henry IV passed through a narrow street on his way to visit his minister Sully. Two cars in front collided and blocked the traffic. The right wheel of the king's car got stuck in the ditch. At this time, the king's car stopped in front of a shop, and the shop's signboard showed an arrow piercing a heart wearing a crown. A madman named Laverac who was following behind, perhaps receiving some inspiration from this, suddenly stabbed the king with his bicycle. The king shouted "I have been stabbed"! Laverac stabbed him a second time, and was then killed on the spot. Even though he was caught, he didn't even think about escaping.

Laverac is said to be a lunatic. He has a strong desire to assassinate the king, which is always bothering him. People also gave this disease a name, regicide.

Later, when Queen Anna (Henry IV’s daughter-in-law) assisted the underage Louis XIV, she once said to him, learn from your grandfather (Henry IV), not your father (Louis Thirteen), Louis XIV asked why, and Anna said that when Henry IV died, everyone cried, but when Louis XIII died, everyone laughed.

Yes, there are many famous kings in French history, including Charlemagne, Louis XIV, Napoleon, etc., but he is the only one who is as impeccable in his achievements and personality as Henry IV.

The most romantic assassination: the black hand at the masquerade

Today's Sweden is no different from a paradise in the eyes of outsiders. It is famous for its high income, high welfare and high civilization. However, did you know that there was an era of corruption and disorder in Sweden's history? It was in the mid-18th century. After Sweden suffered heavy losses from the failure of the Northern War, the nobles took the opportunity to seize power and entered the so-called "Free Age."

In 1772, Gustavus III (reigned from 1771 to 1792), who had been subject to the rule of the aristocracy for many years, took advantage of the contradictions within the aristocracy and the dissatisfaction of the three classes of monks, citizens, and commoners against the aristocracy. , launched a bloodless coup, dissolved the State Council, and restored the autocratic royal power. From this perspective, he can be considered a hero of his generation.

However, after seizing power, he not only failed to solve the domestic financial crisis, but instead risked provoking a war with Russia. As a result, he suffered heavy losses and a large number of domestic military officers mutinied. His life was also very luxurious. He was obsessed with drama and was called a "genius actor" by future generations.

Here I would like to add some additional explanation about the masquerade. Masquerade is a very popular entertainment in European courts. It involves wearing masks and dressing up as gods, ghosts, etc. during the dance, which helps you to participate in the dance without restraint.

On March 16, 1792, Gustavus III was preparing to attend a masquerade party in the evening. Someone tipped him off that if he refused to trust the information, someone would kill him in the night. Gustav laughed loudly after hearing this, because he had heard similar rumors dozens of times, and they were all groundless. That night when the dance was at its climax, someone suddenly shot the king from behind. The dance party suddenly burst into screams and chaos. The murderer took advantage of the chaos to escape, but was caught before he could get far.

The murderer was a captain of the Guards named Anstrom, and his backer was General Pisarin, a great nobleman at the time. Gustav's policy of suppressing the aristocracy made many people in the aristocracy hate him. Coupled with their dissatisfaction with his economic and foreign policies, a group formed around him to get rid of him.

Thirteen days later, Gustave died after unsuccessful treatment. He left two words before his death: "It was the French Jacobins who killed him. Forgive those who killed him." But the murderer was shackled in public. After that, he was flogged for three days, and finally his head was cut off and his body was thrown into the sea.

The most tragic assassination: the wedding murder of the King of Spain

Napoleon’s invasion of Spain in 1808 aroused the passion hidden in the hearts of the Spanish people. Spain went from a lifeless corner of the 18th century to , became the country with the most number of and most violent revolutions in Europe in the 19th century. Ferdinand VII relied on the people to restore the country, but ultimately betrayed and suppressed the people's despicable behavior, making the Spanish royal family a target of public criticism. The rebellion reached its peak during the reign of his daughter Isabel II. During her reign, the General Assembly reorganized the government 41 times, promulgated 7 constitutions, various political forces launched 15 riots, and she herself suffered two failed attempts. assassination. In 1868, she was forced into exile during a coup.

Later, Isabel II’s son Alfonso XII returned to the country for restoration, and the situation in Spain was calm for a period of time until his son Alfonso XIII (reigned 1886-1931) .

When Alfonso XIII was still a fetus, his father died of illness. He became king as soon as he was born (there are only two such examples in European history) and grew up. Later he became a willful and enthusiastic leader of a country. When he was 19 years old, a visit to England made him fall in love with Victoria Eugenia, the granddaughter of Queen Victoria, the "grandmother of Europe". The two young people of noble birth fell in love at first sight and made a private marriage.

Due to the fear that Eugenia might carry the causative factor of hemophilia, a family disease of the British royal family, their engagement was strongly opposed in Spain, but in the end, he finally convinced his mother that there was " Queen Christina, known as "Mrs. Virtue".

It is said that Eugenia’s godmother once gave her a string of pearl necklaces, but at the same time asked her not to wear it at the wedding, because a long time ago a gypsy witch once predicted that if the bride wears this necklace, she will not wear it. The necklace would make her shed as many tears as pearls in the future, but Eugenia regarded it as a fairy tale and wore the mysterious necklace at the wedding.

The wedding took place on May 31, 1906. When the procession reached the narrow Avenue Mayor, a bouquet of flowers fell from a building. There was a bomb hidden in the flowers, which exploded in front of the groom and the bride's royal carriage. For a while, smoke and dust were everywhere, and blood and flesh were flying everywhere. . In this tragedy, 22 people died and more than 70 people were injured. However, the king and queen were lucky enough to escape from the pile of flesh and blood. The prophecy of the Gypsy witch has come true. This is just the beginning of the couple's misfortune in life. What they are about to face is the most turbulent years in Spain...

The assassin's name is Moral. An extreme anarchist. The day before the tragedy, someone saw him throwing things down upstairs again and again. They thought he had a mental problem and didn't care. It turned out that he was trying to calculate the exact time when the objects reached the ground. Later, he committed suicide when he was about to be arrested.

The coldest assassination: the destruction of the Portuguese monarchy

Two years after the Spanish royal murder, that is, in 1908, another country on the Iberian Peninsula--Portugal An assassination occurred that had an even greater impact on history.

At the end of the 19th century, the Portuguese peace faction stood together with the frustrated royalists and the Freemasons, seeking to overthrow the rule of the Portuguese royal family.

The then king of Portugal, Carlos I (reigned from 1889 to 1908), was a very talented man, but two things caused him to lose the support of the people. First, in 1890, he attempted to convert two African countries into The two colonies - Angola and Mozambique were connected, but the British opposed it. Under the threat of British force, they were forced to withdraw their troops and abandon the plan to connect the two colonies, which made the country dissatisfied. The other was in 1906, when Franco, a hard-line royalist, was appointed prime minister. Franco was an unpopular dictator.

In 1908, King Carlos and his eldest son, Crown Prince Louis Philippe, were shot to death by two Communist Party radicals in the square in front of the palace (the background of this case has never been fully investigated). His youngest son, Manuel II, who was only 18 years old, succeeded to the throne. Since then, the domestic situation has been turbulent. Two years later, the Portuguese bourgeois revolution broke out. Manuel could not find anyone to work for him, so he had to flee to England sadly.

The rule of the Portuguese royal family, which once produced outstanding emperors such as Alfonso the Conqueror and Jo?o the Great, has come to an end forever, leaving only a series of sighs behind it. .....

The saddest assassination: Princess Sissi who never had a fairy tale

In 1848, revolutions surged in various European countries, and those who were hardest hit were undoubtedly those in the heart of Europe Zone, complex class contradictions and national contradictions intertwined in the Austrian Empire. In this storm, the young prince Franz Joseph was pushed to the throne. He did not expect that he would sit on this throne for 68 years.

More than 10 years later, another storm came. In the Italian unification movement and the German unification movement, Austria, as a representative of the conservative forces, was repeatedly hit and was forced to abandon its German positioning and turn to The Hungarians at home gave in and restructured the Austrian unitary empire into the Austro-Hungarian Empire - a dualistic empire.

In European history, the Austro-Hungarian Empire was destined to be an unlucky character. It was born in the context of humiliation and eventually collapsed in the storm of humiliation.

In order to maintain such a huge national combination, its rulers, members of the Habsburg family, became nationalists of all ethnic groups in the country, as well as liberals in Austria itself, and public enemies of the surrounding powers that were eyeing them. Almost all members of the royal family have been assassinated, and Franz Joseph himself suffered several assassination attempts.

But the most famous person in this empire is not the long-lived emperor, but his wife Elisabeth, Princess Sissi from Bavaria.

Sissi’s life is full of legend, and her story was made into a movie, which became popular in Europe and the United States. At the age of 15, she replaced her sister and was selected by the young Austrian Emperor. From that day on, her fate was tied to this old empire. Sissi likes to write poetry, ride horses, and travel, but her life has always been soaked in tears. From the day her only son Rudolf committed suicide, her heart "actually left him, leaving only an aging body."

In 1898, Sissi traveled to Geneva. At noon on September 10, she prepared to leave by boat. When she was walking towards the dock with the waiter, a man named Lucheni who was lying in ambush there suddenly pulled out an awl and stabbed her chest. The awl was sharp and thin. Sissi got up from the ground and held her own Walk to the boat. However, as soon as she got on the boat, she collapsed. The palace lady beside her quickly unbuttoned her clothes and found a small blood spot on her chest. The captain ordered the ship to turn around and return to shore, and people carried her back to the hotel on a stretcher. In the hotel, the doctor cut the queen's cubital artery. The blood stopped flowing out, and Sissi died.

Luccheni was an Italian anarchist. The purpose of the assassination was firstly to become famous, secondly out of anarchist hatred for the royal family, and thirdly out of the Italian tradition of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Hostility.

The assassination with the greatest impact: the shot that triggered the world war

Since the 19th century, while the old feudal empire Turkey was declining, nationalism in the Balkans was also affected by the wave of nationalism throughout Europe. It is also rising day by day. But on the one hand, the nation-states in the Balkans have disappeared for hundreds of years, and the divisions between ethnic groups and boundaries are very blurred. On the other hand, the big countries surrounding the Balkans regard the Balkans as pork belly that can be slaughtered at will.

This makes the situation in this region very complicated. Since the mid-19th century, it has become the focus of various conflicts in Europe, and is known as the "Powder Storehouse of Europe".

The major countries have had mixed reactions to the national liberation movements in the Balkans that resisted Turkey. Russia regards itself as the "protector of Slavic brothers around the world" and has always instigated and supported national movements in this region. Austria, on the other hand, has many Slavic ethnic groups under its own rule and is afraid that the revolution will spread to its jurisdiction, so it advocates maintaining the status quo. Countries such as Britain and France are taking action based on their own interests and changes in the specific situation. By the beginning of the 20th century, it was a foregone conclusion that the various ethnic groups in the Balkans would break away from Turkey. The Austro-Hungarian Empire also abandoned its previous conservative attitude and actively reached out to this region.

In 1912 and 1913, Serbia won successively in two small-scale wars caused by territorial division issues among the Balkan countries. The national elements in Serbia were greatly inspired and determined their goal: to establish a country led by Serbia and including all the southern Slavic ethnic groups. The number one enemy to achieve this goal was the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

As early as 1908, the Austro-Hungarian Empire officially announced the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (it had actually occupied it for a long time). This move caused serious protests from Serbia. The Austro-Hungarian Empire also assembled troops on the Serbian border, and the situation was tense. , known as the "Bosnian Crisis" in history. Later, Serbia was forced to make concessions due to the intervention of foreign powers. However, anti-Austrian sentiment in Serbia continues to expand. Many people believe that the Austro-Hungarian Empire will annex Serbia in the next step. The term "demonized Austria-Hungary" is an accurate way to describe Austria in the eyes of Serbians at this time.

Against this background, Crown Prince Ferdinand and his wife, nephews of the old Emperor Joseph of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, chose to tour Bosnia on Serbia’s national humiliation day. This move was considered by many Serbians It is an unscrupulous insult to Serbia, and the military exercises held in Bosnia used Serbia as the imaginary enemy. On June 28, 1914, after watching the military exercises, Ferdinand and his wife went to the city hall in a convertible, accompanied by the Governor and the Mayor. When the motorcade reached the downtown area, a young Bosnian man named Zaplinovic, who was ambushing on the roadside, rushed forward and threw a bomb at Ferdinand's car, but it missed and only injured an accompanying officer. Ferdinand pretended to be calm and ordered the convoy to move forward. After attending the ceremony at the city hall, we were returning by car. When we reached a corner of the street, the speed of the car suddenly slowed down. Principo, a young Serbian man who was hiding on the side of the road, quickly stepped forward and pointed his pistol at Ferdinand and his wife. Two shots. The bullets were all fired, killing two people with two shots.

The assassin, Principo, was a member of the "Young Bosnia" organization. This was a carefully planned and prepared assassination. After the assassination, Principo realized that he could not escape the disaster and committed suicide.

The Ferdinands and Principo are sworn enemies, but they also have one thing in common: they are both victims of extreme nationalist ideas.

Everyone is familiar with what happened later. The conflicts among European countries were intensified by this incident. The already tense situation finally got out of control, and one country after another was involved in the war. , divided into two large groups to fight. This was World War I, a catastrophe in which Europe had virtually no winner.