The application of common sayings in biology teaching: In the current biology examination, there are often some idioms, proverbs, two-part allegorical sayings and other knowledge combined with biological knowledge, such as "It hurts the bones for a hundred days". In this process, which structure plays a role? Thus, the regeneration of periosteum (related to bone healing after injury) is expounded. Another example is "The two men overturned the car on the ice, who wants to see the orthopedic surgery?"
and "Childe's body is bent on the side of chess, who will carry the camel in the long run" focus on the proportion of organic and inorganic substances in the composition of bone, which determines the hardness and elasticity of bone; Using "ten fingers connected to the heart" to investigate that there are a large number of sensory nerve endings in the dermis of the skin, which can feel the external stimulation; Using "hit the nail on the head" to investigate the structure that bleeding at least hurts the skin, and to investigate that there are rich blood vessels in the dermis of the skin; In summer, we often see a phenomenon of "skimming the water". What is this phenomenon? Investigate the way dragonflies lay eggs; "Children rush to chase Huang Die, and there is nowhere to find the cauliflower." Investigate the protective color of animals; "There is no harvest in water, and more harvest is less in fertilizer."
To investigate the effects of water and inorganic salts on plant growth; "As you sow, you reap." Investigate genetic phenomena; "A mother gives birth to nine children, and nine children are different."
investigate the biological variation phenomenon; "Big fish eat small fish, small fish eat shrimp, and shrimp eat mud." Investigate the knowledge of food chain and food web in ecology, and "mantis catches cicada, yellowbird is behind."
； "If you want the fruit to grow well, you have to run among the flowers." To investigate the knowledge of insect-borne flowers; "The orange in Huainan is orange, and the orange in Huaibei is bitter orange" to investigate the influence of temperature on biological growth; "Planting more trees on the mountain is better than building a reservoir. It can be swallowed when there is rain, and it can be mapped without rain."
Investigate the importance of water and soil conservation and water conservation; At the same time, we can also use idioms and riddles to examine the concept of biology. Such as: turning a blind eye-protective color; Daunting-warning color; Confuse the true with the false-mimicry; Grafting-grafting; Parrot parroting-imitating behavior; Proud as a peacock-courtship behavior; Looking at plums to quench thirst-conditioned reflex; Planting beans in the south of the mountain, the grass is full of bean seedlings-competition; Out of nothing-hidden; The emergence of the topic of being born out of nothing-dominance not only expands students' knowledge, but also examines students' biological common sense
Therefore, accumulating more materials in this field in peacetime and properly infiltrating them in the usual teaching can not only improve students' interest in learning, but also help students grasp the characteristics, which is more conducive to the memory of knowledge. In addition, in previous lectures, some teachers made up their own jingles, which not only made students remember them catchy, but also made the effect more obvious.
For example, when I talked about the function of vitamins, I borrowed an advertising word: A, you can see clearly with a sharp eye; B, I am the most clever with a sharp brain turn; C, Popeye envies me; D, I can win by adding calcium; There is also a little e who is not afraid of germs invading. This not only makes students' appetite open, but also makes the classroom atmosphere extremely active. Moreover, many students are still humming repeatedly.
Interest is the best teacher. Interest needs our teachers' correct guidance, cultivation and care, so that students can find fun in their study and get twice the result with half the effort. ---------------. The reason why
is produced is that in the process of reproduction, parents accurately copy their own genetic material (DNA) and pass it on to their offspring, so that the offspring get the genetic material of their parents, thus showing similar characteristics to their parents. Because of the genetic characteristics of organisms, the offspring of each organism are basically the same as their parents, thus keeping the species in the biological world relatively stable.
"One mother gives birth to nine children, and even ten mothers are alike"-biological variation This reflects the phenomenon of biological variation, which is caused by errors (changes) in the replication process of the parental legacy (DNA) or differences between individuals with different sex and offspring. There are both hereditary and non-hereditary S. If the variation is caused by environmental conditions, it cannot be inherited. Variation caused by changes in genetic material (DNA) can be passed down.
due to the variation characteristics of organisms, individuals can produce new characters and form new species. "The mantis catches the cicada, and the yellowbird is behind"-the biological predation means that the mantis is about to catch the cicada, but I don't know that the yellowbird is about to eat it behind it; It has the meaning of food chain in biology.
The food chain implied by this proverb is: plants-) cicada+mantis+yellowbird. In this food chain, plants are the first trophic level of producers, cicada; Mantis and yellowbird are consumers, belonging to the second, third and fourth nutritional levels respectively. The proverb "Two tigers are not allowed in one mountain"-the intraspecific struggle of organisms reveals the phenomenon that organisms struggle for resources, food and space. Tigers are large carnivores, which are located in a higher trophic level. According to the law that the energy flow in the ecosystem is unidirectional and gradually decreasing, the transmission efficiency is only 1%~2%. The higher the trophic level, the less energy they get, so the fewer their individuals are.
in order to survive, there will be a life-and-death struggle, so there is no room for two tigers in one mountain. "moths throw themselves into fire-biological stress-this refers to the reaction of insects to light, called phototaxis of insects.
all organisms have stress, and stress refers to the characteristics that organisms respond to external stimuli. Because of the stress, organisms can react to the surrounding stimuli, so as to avoid unfavorable stimuli and adapt themselves to the surrounding living environment.
"self-trapping"-the relativity of biological adaptation. Silkworms spin silk and wrap themselves in it, and moths form cocoons; It is an adaptability to resist the bad environment and protect itself, but when it comes to the golden bee, the tragedy happens on the cocoon, and it is with the help of the cocoon that the golden bee turns cotton red; The binding effect of the bollworm successfully laid eggs in its body, so that the "cocoon" of the cotton bollworm turned into "self-binding". This shows that the adaptation of organisms to the environment is only to a certain extent, not completely and absolutely.
due to the constant change of environmental conditions, some features will become unsuitable, which is. 2. Biological proverbs, ancient poems explain
boundless grasses over the plain, come and go with every season ","Life is endless from generation to generation, and the river and the moon are only similar year after year "."wildfire never quite consumes them, they are tall once more in the spring wind "can explain the stability of the resilience of the ecosystem." sweet they press on the old high-road, and reach the crumbling city-gate "shows that" organisms can adapt to the environment, It can also affect the environment ".In" weeding at noon, sweat drips down the soil ",weeding has two functions: one is to loosen the soil, enhance the respiration of root cells of crops, and promote the absorption of mineral ions by roots; Second, in order to remove weeds, reduce the competition between crops and weeds, and make energy flow to crops. "The flowers in April are all blooming, and the peach blossoms in the mountain temple begin to bloom." "It is not surprising that plum blossoms are filled with joy and snow, and flies freeze to death." Here, the physical factor affecting the ecosystem is temperature. "A millet is planted in spring, and ten thousand seeds are harvested in autumn." This shows that organisms have the characteristics of reproduction. It also explains the problem of "excessive reproduction" in Darwin's theory of natural selection. "and the silk-worms of spring will weave until they die and and every night the candles will weep their wicks away" actually refers to the "abnormal development" of silkworms, and the so-called silkworm death here actually goes through the stage of "larva → pupa". "Children scurry after Huang Die and fly into cauliflower to find nowhere", which shows that Huang Die's body color is very similar to the environment, and this phenomenon is called "protective color" in biology. It is the result of long-term natural selection. "A little red among the evergreen trees" not only illustrates the biological "warning color", but also illustrates the biological "gene mutation" problem. "Falling red is not a heartless thing, but turning into spring mud can protect flowers better", which thoroughly explains the characteristics of "material circulation of the ecosystem": repeated appearance and recycling. "In the fragrance of rice, it is said that the harvest is good, and the frogs are heard one after another" The image shows the relationship between the protection of frogs and the harvest of crops. Protecting frogs is to protect the natural enemies of pests. In "Stop and sit in the maple forest late, the frost leaves are red in February", "The leaves are red in February" because of the influence of temperature, the chlorophyll synthesis in cells decreases and the anthocyanin content increases, thus making its color red. This is the same root, so why bother to fry each other "vividly illustrates the problem of intraspecific struggle in biological struggle for existence." Spring flowers can't be caged all over the garden, and an apricot comes out of the wall ","There is no catkin because of the wind, only sunflower leans towards the sun ",which explains the phototropism of plants. In addition, Chinese proverbs, sayings and allusions also contain a lot of biological common sense." As you sow, you sow beans. "One mother gives birth to nine children, and even ten mothers are different" explains the phenomenon of variation. "The mantis catches cicadas, and the yellowbird comes last" and "the big fish eat small fish, the small fish eat shrimp, and the shrimp eat mud" all explain the food chain relationship of the ecosystem, and can also explain that the creatures in the food chain are "predatory" with each other. From "into the badlands is unruly" to "green mountains and green waters are always there in spring", It shows that the main factor affecting the ecosystem is the forest. The competition between snipes and mussels vividly illustrates one of the ways of neural regulation, namely "conditioned reflex". "There is no room for two tigers in one mountain" is explained from the ecological point of view that "tigers are at the highest trophic level and get less energy, so the number of individuals should be small". 3. Famous sayings about biology
1. Natural selection, survival of the fittest.-Darwin 2. Science is to sort out facts in order to draw universal laws and conclusions from them.-Darwin 3. The most valuable knowledge is knowledge about methods.-Darwin 4. Only obeying nature, Only in this way can we conquer nature.-Darwin 5. The answer to every biological science question must be found in cells.-American cell biologist E.B.Wilson) 6. China can be supported by scientific and technological progress-Yuan Longping 7. You can't be a scientist without patriotism-Yuan Longping 8. Knowledge+sweat+inspiration+opportunity. What is needed is a hand, not a mouth. ── China embryology and developmental biologist Tong Dizhou 1. Let me tell you the mystery that makes me achieve my goal. My only strength is my persistence.-Pasteur 11. Don't wait for luck, but try to master knowledge.-Fleming 12. If I have some ability, I have an obligation to dedicate it to my motherland. Linnaeus 13. Luck likes to take care of brave people.-Darwin 14. The way to finish the work is to cherish every minute.-Darwin 15. To know at once means to know nothing.-Pavlov (former Soviet Union). 4. Idioms and sayings related to biology, Proverbs
Leaves fall to the root
Foxy
Stand out from the crowd
Blind people touch the elephant
Moths put out the fire
Looking at plums to quench their thirst
Making a cocoon for the tiger
A dog jumps over the wall
A monkey is bathed and the crown is flashy
. The five internal organs are all
mantis catches cicada, yellowbird can't tolerate two tigers in the back
once bitten by a snake, ten years afraid of straw rope
enjoying the cool under a big tree
dragons give birth to dragons, phoenix gives birth to phoenixes, mice's sons can make holes
mice cross the street, and everyone cries
intentional flowers cannot bloom. In life, we usually use some
to describe the relationship between living things and living things, living things and the environment. (1) In the ecosystem, between producers and consumers, between consumers and consumers, the chain structure formed by food relationship is called the food chain. The initial link of the food chain is the producer. The cicada sucks tree juice and the mantis feeds on it. The yellowbird feeds on mantis. The food chain formed is: tree → cicada → mantis → yellowbird. If yellowbird is killed in large numbers, the number of mantis will increase due to the loss of the control of natural enemies, and the number of cicada will decrease with the increase of mantis in a certain period of time.
(2) The weasel eats chicken, and the weasel pays New Year greetings to the chicken in order to eat chicken. The reason why the weasel is not kind is that it wants to eat chicken. "Good weather and abundant crops" is to emphasize that water is an important abiotic factor affecting crop growth.
(4) The main characteristics of community behavior are: living in groups, forming certain organizations within groups, obvious division of labor and information exchange among members, and hierarchical differentiation among some groups. "People are divided into groups" reflects that living things are conducive to survival through division of labor and cooperation.
(5) Bacteria and fungi decompose the organic matter in plant leaves, animal remains and feces into inorganic matters for plants to reuse. They are called decomposers in the ecosystem. "Falling red is not a heartless thing, but turning it into spring mud can protect flowers", It is said that the decomposers in the ecosystem components can transform the organic matter in the petals into simple substances and reuse them for the plants.
(6) The passage of time: mulberry field: farmland. The sea becomes mulberry field, and mulberry field becomes sea. Therefore, "passage of time" refers to the mutual transformation between marine ecosystem and farmland ecosystem.
Therefore, the answer is: (1) cicada → mantis → yellowbird. Reduce; (2) predation; (3) moisture; (4) division of labor and cooperation; (5) decomposers; (6) Ocean.