In August 1945, the United States and the Soviet Union accepted Japan's surrender in North Korea with the 38th parallel as the boundary, artificially creating a state of division between north and south Korea and setting the stage for the outbreak of the Korean War. Foreshadowing was laid. Afterwards, the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union intensified the antagonism between North and South Korea. The irreconcilable struggle between the two regimes eventually led to the outbreak of war.
The Korean Peninsula is more than 800 kilometers long from north to south and more than 200 kilometers wide from east to west, with a total area of ??220,000 square kilometers. It has dense forests and rich mineral resources such as gold, iron, coal, and copper. In June 1910, Korea was occupied by Japanese imperialism and became a Japanese colony. The Korean people waged a long and indomitable struggle for independence and liberation. It was not until the end of World War II that Korea broke free from the iron heel of Japanese imperialism. In early August 1945, after the United States learned of Japan's willingness to surrender, it formulated an order on the surrender procedures. The United States and the Soviet Union agreed to accept Japan's surrender in North Korea, with the 38th parallel as the boundary (commonly known as the "38th parallel"). The Japanese troops north of the 38th parallel were surrendered by the Soviet army, and the Japanese troops south of the 38th parallel were surrendered. The Japanese troops were surrendered by the US military. Since then, North Korea has been artificially divided into northern and southern parts by the 38th parallel, resulting in a state of national division.
In August and September 1945, after the Soviet and American armies entered the northern half and southern half of North Korea respectively with the 38th Parallel as the boundary, in December of the same year, the foreign ministers of the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom met in Moscow The meeting also decided to "reestablish North Korea as an independent country" and "establish a provisional democratic government of North Korea". It was also agreed that a joint committee composed of military representatives from the Soviet Union and the United States would discuss specific implementation methods on this issue, and then submitted it to the Soviet Union, the United States, China, and Reviewed by the four British governments. However, the United States broke these agreements for its strategic interests of world domination.
On May 10, 1948, the United States conducted a separate election in South Korea and formed the National Assembly. On August 15, the "Republic of Korea" was officially established and openly supported its agent Rhee Seung-man to come to power. Northern North Korea, under the leadership of Kim Il Sung, General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea, also announced the establishment of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on September 9 of the same year. Since then, with the 38th Parallel as the boundary, North and South Korea have been divided and opposed. The struggle between the two North Korean regimes on both sides of the 38th Parallel is becoming increasingly acute, and the situation is becoming increasingly serious. Beginning in January 1949, South Korea used its troops to continuously invade north of the 38th Parallel and attack the People's Army garrison positions near Kaesong north of the 38th Parallel. In July, South Korea once again dispatched large-scale troops to attack the north. According to statistics from North Korea, South Korea made 1,836 provocations at the 38th Parallel throughout 1949. The scale of conflicts increases from small to large, the road to peaceful reunification is blocked, and the outbreak of civil war to solve problems by force is inevitable.
On the morning of June 25, 1950, the long-term small-scale armed conflicts and frictions on the 38th Parallel finally took a qualitative turn, and a large-scale civil war broke out in North Korea. In the early days of the war, the Korean People's Army made very smooth progress and liberated Seoul on June 28. On June 26, U.S. President Harry Truman ordered his air and naval forces stationed in the Far East to join the war to support the forces of Syngman Rhee's group. On the 27th, Truman issued a statement publicly announcing an armed invasion of North Korea, interference in North Korea's internal affairs, and ordering his Navy's Seventh Fleet to invade the Taiwan Strait and occupy the Chinese territory of Taiwan. On July 7, the United States manipulated the Security Council to pass an illegal resolution, giving the US-led foreign troops invading North Korea the cloak of the "United Nations Forces" and appointing MacArthur, commander-in-chief of the US Army in the Far East, as the "Commander-in-Chief of the United Nations Forces." Due to the armed intervention of the United States, the nature of the Korean Civil War changed. The domestic revolutionary war fought by the Korean people for independence and reunification evolved into a national liberation war against imperialist aggression.
After active preparations, the U.S. military took advantage of the fact that the main force of the Korean People's Army was concentrated on the Nakdong River front and the rear was empty. With more than 70,000 troops from the 10th Army and other units, they landed at Inchon on the west coast of North Korea, and Continue to attack in the direction of Seoul and Suwon. The enemy on the Nakdong River also began a counterattack on September 16. Under the unfavorable situation of fighting on two fronts and being cut off from the rear, the Korean People's Army entered a strategic retreat.
After the Incheon landing, the situation on the Korean Peninsula reversed. The Chinese government warned the United States through radio broadcasts almost every day that if the 38th parallel was crossed, China would send troops.
On September 30, Prime Minister Zhou Enlai delivered a tough speech at the National Day Conference of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. In the early morning of October 3, before U.S. troops entered the northern part of the Korean Peninsula on a large scale, Zhou Enlai summoned Indian Ambassador to China Panikkar and asked him to tell the U.S. government: "If The U.S. military has crossed the 38th parallel and invaded North Korea, and we will not sit idly by." This warning was regarded by Truman as Beijing's "diplomatic blackmail" against the United Nations and was not taken seriously.
On October 8, the Chinese government finally decided to send troops to the Korean Peninsula to fight against the United States. The direct reason why the Chinese government made this decision was that US planes bombed the cultural relics market in Dandong, China, and China's territorial security was seriously threatened. If North Korea is occupied, it will more directly threaten China's national interests. The Chinese government is very concerned about whether MacArthur may continue to march north after acquiring the entire Korean Peninsula, threatening the regime of the Communist Party of China. Even if the US military does not attack China, a country with a border of more than 1,000 kilometers long and falling into the capitalist camp will still be a great threat to China. If North Korea dies, China will inevitably let Kim Il Sung set up a government-in-exile in Northeast China, but this will be very detrimental to China because it will provide a strong excuse for the US military to invade Northeast China. At the same time, as the U.S. military entered the Taiwan Strait, it forced the People's Republic of China to suspend its cross-sea battle to liberate Taiwan, making China directly feel the threat from the United States.
On October 19, the Chinese People’s Volunteers crossed the Yalu River from Ji’an (today’s Ji’an County) and secretly entered the DPRK.
The first battle of the Chinese People’s Volunteers after entering North Korea started on October 25, 1950. On the same day, the Chinese People's Volunteers suddenly launched an attack on the enemy troops in Beizhen. It took more than an hour to occupy Wenjing and annihilate all enemy troops. The battle also marked the official beginning of the "War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea" of the People's Republic of China. The Chinese army achieved a complete victory in the first battle.
On November 24, MacArthur launched an attack on the Chinese and North Korean troops north of the Chongchuan River and declared that he wanted American soldiers to "go home for Christmas." The Chinese People's Volunteers first showed their presence to the enemy, luring the enemy troops into the battle starting line, and then launched the second battle on November 25. The U.S. and South Korean troops were forced to break through and retreat south to the 38th Parallel, and abandoned Pyongyang on December 5.
On December 31, the Chinese and North Korean armies launched the third battle and advanced to 50 miles south of the 38th parallel. Seoul was occupied by the 50th Army of the Chinese People's Volunteers and the First Army of the Korean People's Army. At this time, MacArthur proposed many attacks against China, such as large-scale bombing of Northeast China, the use of atomic bombs to bomb large cities on China's southeast coast, and invitations to Chiang Kai-shek's troops to participate in the war, but Truman rejected them one by one. On April 11, Truman finally decided to remove MacArthur as Supreme Commander and replace him with General Matthew Ridgway.
The fourth battle began on January 25, 1951, and the volunteers made good progress at first. However, due to the poor logistics support of the Volunteer Army, the Volunteer Army soldiers could only carry food for five days, and had to stop the attack on the seventh day. The U.S. military took advantage of this moment to launch an attack, and due to the lack of air force, almost the entire front of the Volunteer Army was under indiscriminate bombing by the U.S. Army, and the Volunteer Army had to withdraw to near the 38th parallel.
On April 22, 1951, the Chinese People’s Volunteers launched the fifth battle, which ended on the 29th.
After a year of large-scale conflicts, on June 23, 1951, Malik, the Soviet representative to the United Nations, proposed a ceasefire negotiation between the two sides. On June 25, China and the United States issued statements almost simultaneously expressing their agreement.
On June 30, United Nations Commander-in-Chief Ridgway was ordered to inform the Korean People’s Army: “I learned that you may wish to hold a meeting to discuss a plan to cease hostilities and all armed actions on the Korean Peninsula. Armistice Agreement, and is willing to ensure the implementation of this Armistice Agreement. After you respond to this notice, I will send our representatives and propose a date for the meeting to meet with your representatives. I propose that this meeting can be held at Wonsan Port. "Only held on board Danish wounded soldiers."
On July 1, Kim Il-sung, Commander-in-Chief of the Korean People's Army, and Peng Dehuai, Commander-in-Chief of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army, replied: "Your statement on peace negotiations on June 30 has been accepted." We have arrived. We are authorized to declare to you that we agree to meet with your representatives for the purpose of holding negotiations on the cessation of military operations and the establishment of peace. We recommend that the meeting place be in the Kaicheng area on the 38th Line, if you agree. Prepare to meet with your representatives from July 10 to 15, 1951.
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In this way, the first armistice negotiations between the two sides were held in Kaesong on July 10. North Korea and China put forward three suggestions: 1. ceasefire; 2. restore the 38th parallel as the border between North and South Korea; 3. . Foreign troops withdraw as soon as possible.
South Korea and the United States did not accept this proposal and demanded that the ceasefire demarcation line be placed in the area controlled by North Korea and China.
The first negotiation between South Korea and the United States broke down. After the summer offensive and autumn offensive launched from August to October were crushed, armistice negotiations were resumed on October 25, and the location was changed to Panmunjom.
On July 27, 1953, the end of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. A battle victory - the Battle of Jincheng ended at 10 a.m. on this day, the 747-day Panmunjom negotiations finally came to an end, and the Korean Armistice Agreement was officially signed at 9:30 a.m. on July 28. Peng Dehuai, commander-in-chief of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army, signed the Korean Armistice Agreement. After signing, Peng Dehuai also left a famous saying that shocked the Chinese people all over the world: "Imperialism can conquer a country by setting up a few cannons in the East. The history of a country and a nation is gone forever! ”
The War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea shattered the aggressive plan of U.S. imperialism, defended the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, defended the security of the Democratic People’s Republic of China, and demonstrated national and military prestige. China's international prestige has increased unprecedentedly, and the heroic Chinese People's Volunteers have gained extremely valuable experience in defeating highly modernized enemies with inferior equipment. As for the United States, its myth of "invincibility" has been shattered, exposing its paper tiger nature. /p>