#二级# Introduction As the saying goes, "You must be good at focusing on the key points when doing things." In fact, the same principle applies to learning. If you grasp the important knowledge points, you don’t have to worry about too much content to master. The following content has been prepared for your reference.

Chapter 1: Cherish time and study hard

1. Explanation: An inch of time is worth an inch of gold, but an inch of gold cannot buy an inch of time. ——"Zengguang Xianwen"

The main idea of ??the motto: An inch of time is as precious as an inch of gold, and an inch of gold cannot buy back an inch of time. This sentence is often used to emphasize that time passes easily and we should cherish time like gold in our lives.

2. Smart and eager to learn, and not ashamed to ask questions. ——"The Analects of Confucius·Gongye Chang"

The main idea of ??the motto: Be smart and eager to learn, and do not feel ashamed to ask for advice from those whose status is lower than yourself and who have less knowledge than yourself. This sentence shows that if you want to gain true knowledge, you are indispensable for learning and asking questions, and to achieve these two things, you need to have a humble attitude.

3. Who has no fault? If you can change your past, there is no greater good. ——"Zuo Zhuan, the Second Year of Xuangong"

The main idea of ??the motto: Who can avoid making mistakes? There is nothing better than making mistakes and being able to correct them. This sentence shows that it is not terrible to make mistakes. As long as you can recognize and correct the mistakes, you can make progress from them.

4. If you see good things, move on; if you make mistakes, change them. ——"Book of Changes·Yi·Xiang"

The main idea of ??the motto: Study hard when you see beautiful people and things, and correct your mistakes immediately. This sentence advocates the good virtues of learning when you see good things and correcting mistakes when you know them. Only by constantly learning from the strengths of others and correcting your own mistakes can you make progress.

Chapter 2: Conducting yourself in society

1. Madam must know etiquette and then be respectful, be respectful and then give way. ——"Guanzi·Five Assistants"

The main idea of ??the motto: People must understand "ritual" before they can have a heart of respect, and only after they have a heart of respect can they be respectful and courteous. This sentence expresses the importance of "knowing etiquette" and points out its relationship with "respect" and "respect and concession". "Knowing etiquette" is the premise, "respect" is the inner reaction, and "respecting and yielding" turns into action.

2. Old people, I am old, and people are old; young people, I am young, and people are young. ——"Mencius, King Hui of Liang"

The main idea of ??the motto: Respect the elders in your own family, and then extend to respect the elders in other people's families; care for the children in your own family, and then extend to care for the children in other people's families. This sentence expresses a good wish. People should treat every elderly person and child like their own relatives, regardless of their relative or distance.

3. The reason why mortals are more noble than animals is because they are polite. ——"Yan Zi Chun Qiu"

The main idea of ??the motto: The reason why people are nobler than animals is because they understand "propriety". Later generations often use this sentence to illustrate the importance of "ritual" in our lives. Paying attention to "etiquette" is a manifestation of self-cultivation and morality.

4. Whoever says nothing will be rewarded with three rays of spring. ——Meng Jiao's "Wandering Son's Song"

The main idea: Who said Xiaocao's kindness can repay the spring sunshine? These two poems not only express the warmth and greatness of maternal love, but also express the children's infinite gratitude to their mothers.

5. The loving crow still feeds you, and the lamb still kneels at its feet. People who are unfilial to their relatives are worse than birds and beasts. ——"Song of Encouraging Filial Piety"

The main idea of ??the motto: The little crow still knows how to spit out food for its parents, and when the lamb is sucking milk, it still knows how to kneel down to express gratitude to its mother; if a person does not respect his parents, , not even as good as a beast! This is a song to persuade people to practice filial piety. From the time a person is born to growing up, I don’t know how much effort and hardship the caregiver has put into it! Honoring the relatives who have raised you is something everyone should do.

6. When making friends, keep your word. ——"The Analects of Confucius·Xue Er"

The main idea of ??the motto: When interacting with friends, you must be honest and trustworthy in your speech. This sentence emphasizes that only by paying attention to credit can you gain the reliance of others and make real friends.

7. Once a word is spoken, it is hard to follow. ——"Zengguang Xianwen"

The main idea of ??the motto: Once a sentence has been spoken, it will be difficult to recover it even if you use a four-horse cart to chase it. This is an image representation of trustworthiness. Once a person has made a commitment to others, he has the responsibility to honor it no matter how difficult it is.

8. Honesty is the way of heaven; sincerity is the way of man. ——"Book of Rites· Doctrine of the Mean"

The main idea of ??the motto: Honesty is the way of heaven; being honest to others is the way of life. Honesty means truth and reality. This sentence means that the heaven and earth are naturally real and real, and as a human being, we must be as real as the heaven and earth are natural, and we should not cheat or deceive ourselves and others.

9. Be generous to yourself but not responsible to others. ——"The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong"

The main idea of ??the motto: Demand more of yourself and less of others. This is Confucius's principle on how to treat yourself and others. He believed that as long as this is done, resentment between people can be reduced and harmony increased.

10. I must not forget the virtues of others to me; I must not forget the virtues of others to me. ——"Warring States Policy·Wei Ce"

Explanation to the general idea: Others have kindness to me, which cannot be forgotten; and I have kindness to others, which must not be forgotten. This is a principle of interaction with others that was highly praised by ancient Chinese people: from the perspective of receiving kindness, one should "repay kindness"; from the perspective of giving kindness, one should "give kindness without intending to repay it."

11. Those who love others will always be loved by others; those who respect others will always be respected by others. ——"Mencius·Li Lou Xia"

The main idea of ??the motto: Those who love others will always be loved by others; those who respect others will always be respected by others. These two sentences are intended to illustrate that the feelings between people are interactive. If you care for and respect others, you will also get the care and respect of others.

12. The sea does not reject water, so it can become as big as it does; the mountain does not reject earth and rocks, so it can become as high as it is. ——"Guanzi·Situation Interpretation"

The main idea of ??the motto: The sea does not reject any water flow, so it can achieve its greatness; the mountains do not reject any soil and stones, so it can achieve its greatness. These two sentences illustrate that if you want to achieve a great career, you must not care about trivial matters, but must have a mind as big as the ocean and a tolerance as high as a mountain.

13. A single tree cannot make a tree, and a single tree cannot make a forest. ——The famous Yuefu song of the Northern Dynasties, "Song of the Purple Horse"

The main idea of ??the motto is: A branch cannot become a tree, and a tree cannot become a forest. Later generations quoted these two poems to illustrate that the power of an individual is limited. If you want to achieve a great cause, you must be good at uniting people and giving full play to the wisdom and strength of the group.

14. When the water is extremely clear, there are no fish; when people observe it carefully, there are no disciples. ——"The Book of Rites of Dadai·Zizhang asked about entering the official position"

The main idea of ??the motto: If the water is too clear, there will be no fish; if the water is too clear, there will be no companions. This sentence shows that when dealing with others, you must have a tolerant attitude. If you are too demanding, it will be difficult to discover the strengths of others and you will not be able to cooperate with others, which will eventually lead to self-isolation.

15. If you enjoy others' happiness, others will also enjoy their happiness; if you worry about others' worries, others will also worry about their worries. ——Bai Juyi's "Celin"

The main idea of ??the motto: Take other people's happiness as happiness, and others will also take your happiness as happiness; worry about what others worry about, and others will also worry about what you worry about. thing. This sentence shows that caring for others is important to both others and ourselves. If everyone could take other people's happiness as happiness and other people's sorrow as sorrow, people would get along more harmoniously.

16. Take it in moderation and use it in moderation, and you will always have enough. ——Volume 234 of "Zi Zhi Tong Jian"

The main idea of ??the motto: Ask in a planned way and consume in a controlled manner, and you will always be rich. This sentence illustrates the meaning of frugality. Material wealth and resources are always limited and cannot be squandered or abused. Only by budgeting carefully and living within your means can you have no worries.

17. People must love themselves, and then others will love others; people must respect themselves, and then others will respect others. ——Yang Xiong's "The Gentleman"

The main idea of ??the motto: People must love themselves before they can be loved by others; people must have self-respect before they can be respected by others. This sentence emphasizes that people should respect themselves and love themselves.

Self-respect and self-love means being strict with yourself in terms of character and behavior, so that you can gain the respect of others.

Chapter 3: Cultivation of morality

1. Without rules, there will be no square or circle. ——"Mencius Li Lou Shang"

The main idea of ??the motto: Without compasses and rulers, squares and circles cannot be drawn. This sentence uses the fact that craftsmen need certain tools to draw squares and circles, as a metaphor that we must abide by certain norms in life.

2. Be poor without flattery, be rich without arrogance. ——"The Analects of Confucius·Xueer"

The main idea of ??the motto: Although you are poor, you are not flattery; although you are rich, you are not arrogant. This is an attitude praised by Zigong, a student of Confucius. Confucius believed that it would be good to achieve this, and it would be even better if one could be "poor yet happy, rich yet good at courtesy".

3. Wealth cannot be suppressed, poverty cannot be moved, and power cannot be surrendered. ——"Mencius·Teng Wen Gong"

Reference gist: Wealth and honor cannot make the mind confused, poverty and lowliness cannot change the integrity, and force cannot make the personality surrender. This is the image of a person with integrity in Mencius' mind. No matter whether people are in good times or bad times, they must have an upright spirit, have their own independent personality, and be able to withstand various tests.

4. If the source is clean, the flow will be clear, and if the shape is sharp, the shadow will be straight. ——Wang Bo's "Shang Liu You Xiang Shu"

The main idea of ??the motto: if the source is clean, the water flow will be clear; if the body shape is upright, the shadow will be straight. This sentence tells us that as long as a person has a noble character and is innocent, he can always control himself and live an upright life.

5. Coming out of the mud but not stained, washing the clear ripples without being evil. ——Zhou Dunyi's "Love of the Lotus"

The main idea of ??the motto: Although (the lotus) grows in the mud, it can remain clean and not dirty; although it is washed in the clear water, it has a natural grace and does not appear coquettish. This is a famous line praising the purity and purity of the lotus. As human beings, we must also have the character of a lotus flower, that is, in any environment, we must stick to our beautiful sentiments and not follow the crowd.

6. A gentleman is magnanimous, but a villain is always concerned. ——"The Analects of Confucius·Shuer"

The main idea of ??the motto: A gentleman is open-minded, while a villain is always worried. This sentence shows that people with high moral character are selfless in their hearts and naturally live openly; people with low character are bound by various selfish motives and cannot live a relaxed and happy life.

7. If you are full, you will suffer losses, but if you are modest, you will benefit. ——"Shang Shu Dayu Mo"

The main idea of ??the motto: Complacency will cause harm, while humility will gain benefits. This sentence points out the disadvantages and advantages of complacency and humility. Complacency makes people feel complacent and stops moving forward; humility allows people to make continuous progress and gain.

8. If you don’t see yourself, you will be wise; if you don’t know yourself, you will be enlightened; if you don’t cut yourself off, you will be successful; if you are not proud of yourself, you will grow. ——"Laozi" Chapter 22

The main idea of ??the motto: Don't express yourself, so you are wise; Don't be self-righteous, so you are remarkable; Don't boast about yourself, so you can establish meritorious services; Don't be proud and complacent, so you can last long. This passage warns people not to be self-righteous and arrogant, so that they can truly achieve something.

9. Stones from other mountains can attack jade. ——"The Book of Songs·Xiaoya·Crane"

The main idea of ??the motto: Stones on other mountains can be used to polish jade. This poem is often used to illustrate that being open-minded and good at taking advantage of others is a good way to improve and develop yourself.

10. A ruler is shorter and an inch is longer. ——Qu Yuan's "Bu Ju"

The main idea of ??the motto: Although the ruler is longer than the inch, it also has its shortcomings; although the inch is shorter than the ruler, it also has its advantages. This sentence means that everyone has their own strengths and weaknesses. We must be good at taking advantage of others and making up for our own shortcomings.

Chapter 4: Aiming high

1. Heaven moves vigorously, and a gentleman strives to constantly strive for self-improvement. ——"Book of Changes·Qian·Xiang"

The main idea of ??the motto: The movement of the celestial bodies is vigorous and endless, and talented and virtuous people should strive for self-improvement just like the movement of the celestial bodies. This is an aphorism that encourages people to work hard and make progress. If a person wants to succeed in his career, he must not be afraid of difficulties, always motivate himself, and always strive for self-improvement.

2. Those who are not strong in ambition are not wise enough.

——"Mozi·Cultivation of the Self"

The main idea of ??the motto: People who are not determined in their ambitions will not be able to give full play to their wisdom. This sentence emphasizes the importance of determination. Firm ambition can give people endless motivation.

3. When you reach the top of the mountain, you can see all the mountains and small mountains at a glance. ——Du Fu's "Looking at the Mountains"

The main idea of ??the motto: When you finally reach the top of Mount Tai, the surrounding mountains will look dwarfed by that time. These two poems express the poet's heroic ambitions and are also an image portrayal of his broad mind with high aspirations.

4. Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world.

Reference gist: Even ordinary people are responsible for the prosperity and decline of a country. This sentence calls on people to take the world as their own responsibility. Once the country and nation are in crisis, everyone should step forward and dedicate their personal strength and even their lives.

5. The sound of wind, rain, and reading are all in my ears; I care about everything about family affairs, national affairs, and world affairs.

The main meaning of the motto: The sound of wind, rain, reading, all kinds of sounds enter the ears; family affairs, national affairs, world affairs, all kinds of things should be concerned about. This is a couplet. It warns people not to "turn a deaf ear to what is happening outside the window and read only the books of sages", but to always care about national affairs and think of the interests of the people at all times.

6. Worry about the world’s worries first, and rejoice after the world’s happiness. ——Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang Tower"

The main idea of ??the motto:

Before everyone in the world is worried, you should worry first; after everyone in the world is happy, you can be happy. These two sentences express the noble sentiments of putting hardship before enjoyment and the broad mind of taking the world as one's own responsibility, and have always inspired future generations.