1. To encourage the development of new ideas: to exert subjective initiative, it must be based on following objective laws; if you violate the objective laws, you will be punished by them.

2. To wait for the rabbit: treat chance as inevitable, Treat phenomena as laws.

3. Carve a boat and seek a sword: Deny that matter is in motion, and do not understand that there is no absolutely static thing.

4. Sow melons, reap melons, sow beans, reap beans. : The movement of matter has its own laws; internal factors are the basis for changes in things.

5 Act according to your ability and do your best: we must not only obey objective laws, but also give full play to people's subjective initiative.

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6 Can’t see the forest for the trees: Learning by practice looks at problems in isolation and one-sidedly.

7 If you don’t enter the tiger’s den, you won’t get the tiger’s cubs: All true knowledge comes from practice.

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8 Unfounded worries: Deny the objectivity of the laws of material movement.

9 Magpies cry joy and crows cry mourning: Deny the objectivity of the connection between things.

10 Tailor-made clothes and prescribe the right medicine. : Starting from objective reality, specific problems are analyzed in detail.

11. The good and the bad: obliterate the contradictory characteristics of things and confuse the nature of things.

12. A white horse is not a horse: separation The relationship between the general and the individual, the specific and the individual, the sophistry of subjective and arbitrarily playing with concepts.

13. The finishing touch: be good at grasping the key points and grasping the main contradiction when doing things.

< p> 14 A fire broke out at the city gate, affecting the fish in the pond: Everything is interconnected under certain conditions, and the whole world is a universally connected organic whole.

15 A thousand-mile embankment collapsed in an ant nest: the changes and development of things Starting from quantitative change, when quantitative change reaches a certain level, it will inevitably lead to qualitative change.

16 If you are close to red, you will be red, if you are close to ink, you will be black: External factors are an important condition for the change and development of things.

17 A blessing in disguise is a blessing in disguise. Knowledge is not a blessing: The two sides of the conflict can transform into each other under certain conditions.

18 Superfluous: Objective things and their laws should be reflected truthfully as they are, and they must not distort them subjectively or arbitrarily.

19. Deception: It is absurd subjective idealism to believe that subjective feeling determines objective existence.

20. Zheng Renmailu: Do things rigidly and dogmatically, and do not proceed from reality, which will eventually lead to Nothing is achieved.

21 Cutting through walls and stealing light: The fundamental reason for the development of things lies in their internal contradictory movements.

22 Seeking the future at the expense of the original: reversing the relationship between primary and secondary contradictions, and failing to handle things Focus on the key points.

23 Pao Ding Jie Niu: Understand and grasp the laws of things, and only by acting according to the laws can you achieve good results.

24 Talking on paper: Separating the relationship between theory and practice. One-sided emphasis on theory and neglect of practice.

25 Things must be reversed if they go to extremes, otherwise things will be better: The development of things begins with quantitative changes. Quantitative changes to a certain extent will lead to qualitative changes, and contradictions will transform into their opposites.

< p> 26 Hearing a hundred times is worth seeing: practice brings true knowledge.

27 Take advantage of the situation: follow the development laws of objective things, and use the laws to achieve success.

28 Know yourself and the enemy, and you will never be in danger in a hundred battles: Adhere to the two-point theory , look at the problem comprehensively.

29 The changes in things always start from the little quantitative changes, and the quantitative changes lead to qualitative changes.

30 Tian Ji Horse Racing: Quantitative changes in the components of things and their arrangement and combination will cause qualitative changes.

31 Treat the head for a headache and the foot for a sore foot: only the parts are seen, not the whole, metaphysics looks at the problem in isolation.< /p>

32 Be confident: Once you understand the laws of things, you will move from the kingdom of necessity to the kingdom of freedom.

33 Handan toddler: You can learn from popular things, but you cannot blindly imitate them regardless of your personality. , apply mechanically. 34 A single spark can start a prairie fire; new things are weak at first, but they have strong vitality and can eventually defeat old things.

35 Use all the water to get the fish and kill the chicken to get the eggs; ignore the objectivity of the relationship , only caring about immediate interests, regardless of long-term interests.

36. After three days of farewell, I saw things with new eyes: Things are changing and developing, and we cannot look at problems from a static point of view.

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39 A leaf obscures the view and cannot see the mountain: When looking at the problem, you must distinguish the mainstream and the tributaries, otherwise you will not understand the nature of things and draw wrong conclusions.

40 Imitation: simply imitate the form, Do not study the actual content.

41 The mantis stalks the cicada, but the oriole is behind: the point of universal connection is something we must never forget at any time.

42 The beholder sees the benevolence, the wise see the wisdom: People's knowledge composition is different, and their understanding and reaction of the same cognitive object will be different.

43 Opposites complement each other and complement each other: the opposition and unity of the contradictory parties are always indivisible.

44 Go into the mountains to ask for woodcutters, go into the water to ask for fishermen: everything starts from reality, and specific problems are analyzed in detail.

45. Beware of slight changes: Changes in things all start from quantitative changes. The accumulation of quantity to a certain extent will cause qualitative changes.

46 Good things come slowly: the development of anything is the unity of progress and twists and turns.

47 After reading thousands of volumes, writing is as if there is wisdom: certain results are determined by certain Caused by reasons.

48 Flowers are similar every year, but people are different every year: things are changing and developing, and there are no things that remain unchanged.

49 Xiantianxia Worry when you are worried, and be happy when the world is happy: the correct value of serving the people wholeheartedly.

50 What you have learned on paper will eventually be shallow, but you must know that this matter must be practiced: theory must be combined with practice. < /p>

51 There will be times when there are strong winds and waves, and sails will sail across the sea: the general trend of the development of things is forward, and the future is bright.

52 When viewed from the side, it becomes a ridge and a peak. Different distances, near and high: people observe things from different standpoints, and from different standpoints, they will come to different conclusions.

53 The grass on the original plain of Lili grows wither and withers every year. Wildfires cannot be burned out, but the spring breeze blows. Another story: The movement, change, and development of things have their own objective laws; new things have strong vitality and will surely defeat old things.

54 Gold has no color, and white walls have slight flaws: Everything has a strong vitality. We must adhere to the two-point theory.

55 To shoot a man first, shoot a horse; to capture a thief first, capture the king: when doing things, we must be good at grasping the main contradiction.

56 There are only two or three peach blossoms outside the bamboo, and the water in the spring river is warm. Duck Prophet: The general exists in the individual and is expressed through the individual. Practice is the source of knowledge.

57 The plum tree is as white as the snow, but the snow is less fragrant than the plum blossom: adhere to the dichotomy, Only by analyzing the particularity of contradictions in detail can we understand things correctly.

58. How clear is it? Because there is a source of living water: there is no effect without a cause; things can only maintain themselves in constant motion. existence.

59. Hearing both will reveal the truth, but believing only will reveal the darkness: Adhere to the dichotomy, look at the problem comprehensively, and oppose one-point theory.

60. Avoid medical treatment: avoid and cover up contradictions, deny the existence of contradictions Objective existence.

Classification of proverbs and allusions in common sense in philosophy

1. The heaven and earth are in harmony, and all things are self-generated. All things in the universe exist naturally and are not dominated by human will. This Explain that nature exists objectively.

2. Think about it during the day and dream about it at night. Explain that consciousness is a reflection of matter. Another example is some myths, religious rumors, and scientific fantasies that we often hear. , are also reflections of objective things. However, some are distorted reflections, and some are illusory or exaggerated reflections.

3. A clever woman cannot make a meal without rice. It shows that matter comes first, consciousness comes later, and there is no Material will not produce consciousness that reflects material. It fully embodies the principle that material determines consciousness.

4. Covering the ears and stealing the bell. It violates the principle that material determines consciousness. Trying to replace objective reality with subjective desire. Another example is, " "Painting cakes to satisfy hunger", "Looking at plum blossoms to quench thirst", "Zheng people buying shoes", "cutting feet to fit shoes", etc., also belong to this meaning.

5. Viewed horizontally, there are ridges and peaks on the side, with different heights near and far. It shows that the consciousness is correct. Whether it is true or not is directly related to a person's stance, viewpoint, and method of looking at the problem. Another example is, "What the public says makes sense, and what the mother-in-law says makes sense." This is also true.

6.

The benevolent sees benevolence and the wise see wisdom. It means that the same thing has different views due to different personal knowledge structures. For example, a painter views the painting "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" from an aesthetic perspective, while an economist views it from an economic development perspective. Historians look at it from a social and historical perspective.

7. Where there is a will, there is a way. It shows that consciousness has a counterproductive effect on matter. Correct consciousness will promote the development of things; conversely, it will hinder things. The development of . Another example is the same principle as "Full incurs losses, modesty benefits", "Man can conquer nature", "It depends on man-made things", "Ingenuity", etc.

8. When the form exists, the spirit exists, and when the form is gone, the spirit will exist. Then the spirit will be destroyed. This shows that the human body and spirit are unified and inseparable. The form exists and the spirit exists, and the form and the spirit disappear. This is a materialist point of view. Another example is, "The heaven and earth are united and all things are born, and yin and yang are connected and change occurs." , which means that everything in the universe was not created by God, but is the result of its own contradictory movement, which is also materialism.

9. There is nothing outside the mind. It means that matter exists in human consciousness, and consciousness is There is nothing outside. This is the same idealism as "existence is perceived", "things are a collection of ideas", "when the eyes are open, the flowers will be bright, and when the eyes are closed, the flowers will be silent".

10. Not only the above , not just books, but facts. This is Comrade Chen Yun’s consistent leading thought, which requires us to proceed from reality in all practical work, seek truth from facts, and oppose dogmatism, bookism, empiricism and superstitious slavery. That is to say We must adhere to materialism and oppose idealism.

11. Running water does not rot, and door hinges do not become beetles. This shows that matter and movement are inseparable. Movement is the fundamental attribute of matter, and matter cannot be separated from movement; matter is The carrier of motion, motion cannot be separated from matter.

12. Carving the boat to seek the sword. It is to look at the problem from a static point of view, which violates the point of view that matter is moving and changing. Another example is "waiting for the rabbit" and so on. Category.

13. People cannot step into the same river twice. This shows that objective things are constantly moving and changing. On the contrary, some people have suggested that "people cannot step into the same river even once." ”, goes to the extreme, denies relative stillness, and is a kind of agnosticism.

14. There is a constant nature in nature, neither for survival nor for destruction. It means that the changes in nature have certain laws. Yes, it does not exist because Rao is a holy king, nor does it die because Jie is a tyrant. Another example is, "Swan geese leave the north of the Great Wall and move for more than ten thousand miles. They eat rice from the south in winter and fly to the north again in spring." It shows that the movements of living things are all. It follows the laws of natural selection and survival of the fittest. "Changes in the world, cold and heat, wind and rain, floods, droughts, locusts, all have their own laws." (Shen Kuo)

15. Pulling seedlings to encourage growth. Need to rise to a rational understanding. Because perceptual knowledge is only a superficial and one-sided understanding of things. Only by rising to rational understanding can we understand the inner nature of things.

52. A blind man rides a blind horse. This is a metaphor for practice without correct theoretical guidance. , is a kind of blind practice. Because correct theory reflects the nature and laws of objective things, it has a guiding role in practice. Another example is, "Without revolutionary theory, there will be no revolutionary movement." This principle.

53. Practice makes perfect. It means that only by accumulating a large amount of perceptual data can it be possible to rise to a rational understanding. To possess a large amount of reliable perceptual data, one must go deep into reality and practice repeatedly, and avoid " 54. Wrinkle your brows and think carefully. It is a metaphor that perceptual materials can only rise to rational understanding after being processed by the human brain. Because the perceptual materials that people obtain are often a mixture of fine and rough, True and false coexist, separated from each other, and the outside and inside cannot be distinguished. Therefore, it is necessary to go through the analysis and synthesis process of "removing the rough and selecting the essence, removing the false and retaining the true, going from here to there, from the outside to the inside" in order to form a rational understanding. Another example is, "to come up with more wisdom" , "Learning without thinking is a waste, thinking without learning is dangerous", etc., all belong to this meaning.

55. Handan learning to walk. It is a metaphor for not using your brain and blindly imitating others, which results in self-defeating and making a joke. This The story tells us that to understand things, we must not only "know what we know", but we must also be good at using our brains and thinking actively, otherwise it will be impossible to form a correct understanding. Another example is "doing things in the same way" and "swallowing jujubes without hesitation" fall into this category.< /p>

56. Draw inferences from one instance and learn ten from what you hear. It means that if people want to acquire new knowledge, they must master the thinking method of reasoning. Because only by learning reasoning (including deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning) can we master things. regularity, so that human knowledge continues to expand and

Deepen.

57. If you live to old age, you will not be able to bear it. It is a metaphor that the objective world is constantly changing, and people’s practice and understanding also change and develop accordingly. The viewpoint of stopping and doing nothing are inconsistent with Objective and practical.

58. If you don’t enter the tiger’s den, you won’t get the tiger’s cubs. The metaphor is that practice is the source of knowledge. Human knowledge is obtained through production struggle, class struggle and scientific experiments. Without practice, Knowledge becomes water without a source and a tree without roots. Another example is, "Truth is priceless and can be found in practice." This is the truth.

59. When you use the book, you will regret it. It means that practice is the driving force for the development of knowledge. Only in practice will people discover the shortcomings of their knowledge, thus motivating themselves to continue to pursue knowledge, expand horizons, and deepen understanding. As Engels said: "Once society has a technical need, this need will push science forward more than ten universities." Another example is, "Eat for a while, but it will last for a long time." "One wisdom", "Failure is the mother of success", "Learning and then not knowing enough", etc., all belong to this principle.

60. Learn to apply. It means that practice is the purpose of knowledge. The fundamental purpose of people's knowledge. It is not about explaining the world, but about changing it. Therefore, the approach of "sitting around and talking on paper" is not advisable.

61. Facts speak louder than words. It means that practice is to test whether the understanding is correct or not. The only standard. Only practice can connect knowledge with objective things, and use the objective results of practice to test whether knowledge conforms to objective reality. Another example is, "It doesn't count until you do it." "See the human heart" and so on, all belong to this principle.

62. The people are saints. It means that the people are the main body of practice and the creators of human history. They not only create material wealth, but also create spiritual wealth. The saying that "heroes make things happen" is baseless. Another example is that "three stooges are worth one Zhuge Liang", which also means the same truth.

63. Come to the source of living water. It is a metaphor that the practical activities of the people are the source of human spiritual wealth and the source of various artistic activities. Without the lively materials provided by the people in practice, any creation will become a pool of stagnant water.

64. What you learn on paper is only shallow, but you must practice it. This means that while learning indirect experience with an open mind and studying seriously, you must actively participate in social practice. Because indirect experience is indeed valuable, but it can only be achieved through practice. be digested, applied, tested and developed. Another example is, "read thousands of books and travel thousands of miles", which also emphasizes on handling the relationship between direct experience and indirect experience.

65. A lonely goose will never make it. . It is a metaphor that personal practice must be combined with the practice of the masses. If a person wants to make a difference and achieve something, he must take the path of integrating with the people, otherwise, nothing will be achieved.

66. All hardships come with joy. . It means that only in practice, if a person is not afraid of hardship, is not afraid of tiredness, and dares to fight against difficulties, can he achieve brilliant achievements. As Marx said, "There is no smooth road in science. Only those who are not afraid of hard work on the rugged path can hope to reach the glorious peak." Another example is Pu Songling's self-motivation couplet when he landed: "Those who are determined can do it. If the cauldron sinks the boat, a hundred and two Qin Pass will eventually belong to Chu; those who work hard will , "The sky is not unfaithful. If you lie down on firewood and taste your courage, three thousand more armor can swallow Wu." This is the same principle.

67. The two qi of yin and yang are filled with too much worry, and there is nothing compared to the outside, and there is no gap. The image of the sky, The shape of the earth has its scope. (Wang Euzhi) The universe is a material entity composed of vitality. There is no other spiritual world outside the material world. Laws are inherent in objective things themselves, which affirms the material unity of the world. Nature. Another example: "Qi is the basis of reason." "Qi" is a material entity that changes day by day. "Li" (spirit) cannot exist without "Qi".

68. " "The heart is the organ of thinking" (Mencius), "The heart is the king of form, and the master of gods" (Xunzi), "Human memories are all in the brain." The most common point among the three lies in explaining people's thinking activities. There must be a certain foundation of material organs.

69. Flowers planted intentionally do not bloom, while willows planted unintentionally create shade. This shows that all objective things exist independently and do not depend on human consciousness, and things and their movements Laws are all objective. 70. Knowing something is knowing it, and not knowing it is not knowing, which is knowing. Whatever you know, you can say it, and if you don’t understand it, admit it.

Only with such an attitude can we be wise. This famous saying tells us that we should grasp ourselves as objective things, proceed from our own reality, and understand ourselves correctly.

71. Go into the mountains and ask the woodcutter, and go into the water and ask. Fishing. The woodcutter is familiar with the conditions in the mountains, and the fishermen understand the habits of the water, so they should "go into the mountains to ask for woodcutters, and into the water to ask for fishermen." This proverb shows that people should start from reality when thinking about problems and doing things.