Confucius was hitting his chin when he was defending his country. A man with a straw basket on his back walked by the door and said, "This chin slapper has brains!" " "After a while, he said," What a despicable noise. Nobody knows himself, only himself. It's like wading. If the water is deep, you can wade through it with your clothes on. If the water is shallow, you can wade through it with your clothes on.

Confucius said, "That's very simple. There is nothing to blame him for. "

2. Original text

When Zi attacked Wei, someone passed the Confucius' gate and said, "What a heart!" Then he said, "What a pity! Hey! You don't know yourself, you just know yourself. Deep is sharp, shallow is dew. "

Confucius said, "What a fruit! It is very difficult in the end. "

3. Source

Excerpted from The Analects of Confucius, Xianwen

Extended data 1, the main content of the Analects of Confucius

The Analects of Confucius is one of the classic works of Confucianism and a collection of recorded essays, which mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples in the form of quotations and dialogues, and embodies Confucius' political, aesthetic, moral and utilitarian values. The Analects of Confucius covers politics, education, literature, philosophy and ways of living.

As early as the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, when Confucius set up an altar to give lectures, its main contents were initially established; After the death of Confucius, his disciples and re-disciples passed on his remarks from generation to generation, and gradually recorded the words and deeds of these oral quotations, so it was called "On"; The Analects of Confucius mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, so it is called "language".

In the Qing Dynasty, Zhao Yi explained: "The speaker, the sage's language, the commentator, and the Confucian discussion." In fact, "Shang" means compiling. The Analects of Confucius refers to recording the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples and compiling them into books. The Analects of Confucius consists of 20 articles and 492 chapters, of which 444 chapters record what Confucius and his disciples talked about in time, and 48 chapters record what Confucius and his disciples talked about each other.

As a Confucian classic, The Analects is profound and all-encompassing, and its thoughts mainly include three independent and closely dependent categories: ethics-benevolence, social and political category-courtesy, and cognitive methodology category-the mean.

Benevolence, first of all, is the true state in people's hearts. The final compromise must be kindness, and this true and kind state is "benevolence". Confucius established the category of benevolence, and then expounded that courtesy is a reasonable social relationship and a norm to treat people and things, and then expounded the methodological principle of the "golden mean" system. "Benevolence" is the ideological core of The Analects.

2. Introduction of Confucius

Confucius (55 1-479), formerly known as Zhong Ni, was born in the Spring and Autumn Period (now Qufu, Shandong). The founder of Confucianism, the most famous thinker, politician and educator in ancient China, had a far-reaching influence on the development of China's ideology and culture. Confucius' ancestors were originally nobles in the Song Dynasty, but later they moved to Shandong to avoid the troubles of the imperial court.

Confucius' father was a warrior, and although he was among the nobles, his status was very low. When Confucius was three years old, his father died and he lived a poor life with his mother.

When Kong was young, he worked as an official (in charge of warehouses) and a horse riding farm (in charge of cattle, sheep and animal husbandry). When Lu was in power, Confucius was the chief scout of Zhongdu (in charge of justice, alongside Stuart, Sima and Sikong Sanqing). In the twelfth year of Lu (498 BC), Confucius was "photographed by the chief scout" and "taken a photo with him".

Because of his disagreement with his uncle and scholar, Confucius left Shandong and traveled around the world, hoping to realize his political ambitions in a foreign country. He has been to Wei, Song, Chen, Cai, Chu and other countries and has not been reused.

Returning to Shandong in his later years, he concentrated on giving lectures and sorting out ancient documents. He edited The Book of Songs and Shangshu, and edited them according to Chunqiu recorded by Lu historians, making them the first chronological history book in China. Confucius gave lectures, with as many as 3,000 students, including 72 famous teachers.

Baidu encyclopedia-the Analects of Confucius

Baidu encyclopedia-Analects of Confucius

Baidu encyclopedia-Confucius