Composition, like photography, should pay attention to the angle. How to express the theme of an article often determines the quality and success of an article.
I remember when Mao Dun, a great literary master, died, a class teacher arranged for everyone to write a composition to commemorate him. Many students didn't pay much attention to the choice of angle before writing. As a result, these articles are either vague or lacking in originality. One more question.
For (the last "work"), I chose Mao Dun to make a formal request to the party on the deathbed of my life, hoping to become a glorious China * * * production party party member, and discuss and put Mao Dun at the end.
A Letter to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is a long-lasting continuation of a large number of outstanding literary works created by him in his life. It is called the "last work" in an ingenious way and deeply praises the "blood and faith" of this great literary master.
Pursue the lofty ambition of truth persistently. Because of the good choice of angle, this article stands out among similar articles and is very innovative.
From this perspective, if you want to write a good article, you can't ignore choosing the best angle according to the requirements of the topic. Although the propositional argumentative paper stipulates the "scope" of discussion, it does not stipulate the writing angle. If you have a good perspective, the articles will be very attractive together and show different general views on the things discussed.
As mentioned above, looking at the "material" in the composition of materials can often provide a variety of writing angles. After opening your mind, you must choose the best writing angle you think, which is the same as choosing a writing angle in a proposition composition.
Yes So, how to choose the best writing angle? The key is: from the self, choose a writing angle that can profoundly reveal the meaning of the topic, has social value, has real experience and can inspire people.
"Fa", that is, the writing angle you choose, must have something to say, be well-founded, and not feel strange, even countless, and insincere. "
Specifically, the best writing ability meets two requirements at the same time:
First, the angle should be small. If the angle of choice is too large, it will inevitably involve a wide range, so it is easy to cover all aspects and talk in general terms. If the angle is small, focus on it and the effect will be good. Just grab the "last work" mentioned above.
I made an in-depth discussion from the perspective of Mao Dun's Application for Joining the Party before his death, without summarizing many deeds in Mao Dun's life. In this way, the angle of the article is very small, but the theme is very concentrated, which is reflected from a small place.
Profound thoughts are the symbol of Mao Dun's glorious life.
Second, the angle should be new. The so-called "new" is to be unconventional. We say that we have different views on the same problem and thing from different angles. Some articles are familiar when written. Where do they seem to be?
I've seen it, except that the materials are outdated, mainly because the writing angle is not new, so it's not new. It must be understood that only by observing things from a new angle can we find new characteristics of things and analyze things from a new angle.
Only in this way can we have a new understanding of things.
After reading the text Lost in the Street Pavilion, a classmate expressed his views on the plot of "beheading Ma Su" and wrote down his thoughts on "starting with the beheading of Ma Su by Kong Ming". Because he chose the writing angle of "Kong Ming uses people", the paper put forward "harmony"
Its law enforcement is like a mountain, so it is better to appoint people first. He has published quite original opinions on the issue of "knowing people and being good at their duties", which is much fresher than discussing the well-known truth that "pride goes before a fall".
Naturally, if you want to be innovative, you need to have profound thoughts, and at the same time, you need to make new creations in language, and strive to achieve the realm that "creative words are not equal to teachers"; There is also a wealth of knowledge, if "law enforcement is like a mountain"
Moreover, it is difficult to make original comments on the issue of "Lost Street Pavilion".
Small angle and new angle are two criteria to measure the best writing angle. Because after opening your mind, you will find all kinds of writing angles. Therefore, to determine the best angle, we must also compare and screen the angles that can enter the topic. For example:
Mr. Lu Xun once said: "People who eat crabs for the first time are very admirable. They are not warriors. Who dares to eat? " Some people eat crabs and spiders, but they are not delicious, so future generations will not eat them. We should be very grateful to such people. "
This material can be discussed from the following angles: 1 Innovation needs warriors, and we should dare to do things that no one has done before. There will be failures in the exploration, and the losers are also worthy of thanks. We should continue to contribute to the achievements of innovators.
Exhibition and perfection. In contrast, the angle of 1 and 3 is too big, so it is easy to talk about "what the predecessors have not done" and "the achievements of innovators". The angle of 1 is still relatively original, and this discussion has been seen too much.
Yes; Angle 2 is not only small but also concentrated, which is quite innovative. With the introduction of materials, the discussion around "exploration will fail" focuses on "thanking the losers". It is persuasive to say "thank you".
It is a strong support and promotion of the spirit of exploration, which is much more profound than the general meaning of "thanking the winners". Through comparison and screening, it is not difficult to determine the best writing angle.
Just as there is no fixed mode for taking pictures, the choice and determination of writing angle should be based on eyesight and "find another way" Smart photographers are good at finding ideal angles and taking pictures of various people. If we carefully choose the writing angle, we won't worry that the article won't reveal new postures.
How to get to the point?
Many argumentative papers are often "discussed" because of "things" In the form of expression, the article always quotes examples at the beginning and then discusses them. Articles such as "being good at building a new world" and "opposing liberalism" are very rare in middle school students' compositions. The argument put forward is clear-cut, and the following three paragraphs have such characteristics:
( 1)
We should lay a good foundation in our study. "Rooting can flourish" is the importance of laying a foundation. If Sima Qian didn't "read thousands of books and take the Wan Li road" when he was young, could he have written Historical Records? When Leonardo da Vinci was a child.
If you don't work hard on painting eggs, can you become a master painter in the future? Ince lacked intelligence when he was young, but he carried forward the spirit of "people know me, people know me".
Practice basic skills and finally climb the peak of science. Throughout the ages, countless accomplished scholars and experts have eloquently proved this point with their own experiences!
(2) What does it mean to "worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later"? That's sacrifice. This kind of sacrifice is not for individuals, but for people all over the world, so it is noble and great! This kind of sacrifice is not for personal gain, but for the public interest of the country, so you can compete with the sun and the moon! It sacrificed its reputation, status and even life, but it won the prosperity of the country and the admiration of the people.
(3)
Improper and untimely praise and criticism are enough to hurt a person, especially premature praise. When a singing contest draws to a close, you can often see those young players who won the prize being called "singing stars" and "celebrities" in the newspapers.
Singer "; Some players wearing such laurels are even students studying in middle schools! I wonder, what benefits will such publicity bring to young people's ideological progress and artistic growth? The above three paragraphs
The underlined part is the argument. We say that the full text should be supplemented at the beginning of the argumentative paper. Tang Biao of A Qing Dynasty said in Reading Composition: "The program of the whole article is in the first paragraph, and the first paragraph is in power, so the whole article is good."
Refining your own opinions into arguments and showing them at the beginning of the article from a strategic point of view can create momentum; It is also conducive to the smooth flow of ideas and the discussion around arguments; At this time, it contributed to the work of "all articles are good"
Use, really not to be underestimated.
So, how to cut to the chase and demonstrate?
First of all, we should have our own incisive opinions according to the requirements of the topic and our feelings about the things discussed.
As a judgment, the arguments of the article have been refined. In other words, before writing, I have a clear mind and a bottom in my heart. For example, in the first paragraph, the author has been very clear about the center of the discussion, and from Sima Qian, Da Vinci and Ince,
However, the central argument that "learning should lay a good foundation" is extracted from the materials; For example, in the second paragraph, the author got the enlightenment that "that is sacrifice" from the famous saying "worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later"; such as
In the third paragraph, the author witnessed many inappropriate "laurels" given to young players in newspapers and periodicals, and deeply felt that the seriousness of the problem lies in "inappropriate and inappropriate praise and criticism, which are enough to hurt a person, especially.
This is a premature compliment. " It is precisely because of "having answers" that a clear opinion is formed on the object of discussion. And confirm that the point of view conforms to the meaning of the question or the meaning of the provided materials, which has the value of discussion and makes the argument come straight to the point.
A reliable guarantee. If you are facing the subject or object of discussion, you have not aroused emotions or refined and summarized arguments. How can we get to the point? "
Secondly, we should change our writing habits.
The first sentence does not need narrative, but argumentative. In other words, with a positive or negative sentence, the mouth of "argument" suddenly opened. Some students are used to writing narratives and often do so in argumentative essays.
There are big narrative words, especially those who are not good at putting forward arguments at the beginning of the article; Some students have no idea before writing. No matter what argumentative paper they write, they always start with a note, even after a long narrative.
Just holding your chin, thinking hard about what arguments should be put forward; The above-mentioned writing habits greatly hinder the writing of argumentative essays. If you don't change them, you won't be able to get straight to the point and make a clear argument.
Nature is the "one case, one discussion" at the beginning of the case.
Writing, with "things" before and "discussion" after, is also a layout, but this layout is relatively common and easy to master, so it is difficult for us to come straight to the point and put forward arguments, as above.
If the author doesn't make a clear judgment in his mind in advance, or according to his usual style of writing, it will often become the beginning like this: (1) Sima, a great historian in China.
Moved, when I was young, I "read thousands of books and took the Wan Li Road" and finally wrote the Historical Records, which has been passed down through the ages; Leonardo da vinci, a famous Italian painter, practiced painting eggs as a child and finally became a master of painting. great
Physicist Einstein was mentally deficient when he was young, but he carried forward the spirit of "one person knows, I know ten times, one person knows ten times, I know everything" and finally reached the peak of science ... (2) Every song,
When the singing competition draws to a close, you can often see those young contestants who won prizes being called "singing stars" and "famous singers" in newspapers. Some players wearing such laurels are even students studying in middle schools! I am very
I'm thinking, what's the benefit of such publicity to young people's ideological progress and artistic growth?
In an argumentative essay, besides the central argument, there are also sub-arguments that prove, supplement and play a role in the central argument. Subargument
Views are dominated by and serve the central argument. What we call "straight to the point and making arguments" requires that every argument be placed at the beginning of the natural paragraph after the argument is launched.
For example, to prove that the central argument has three sub-arguments, then these three sub-arguments are put forward at the beginning of three natural paragraphs in their logical order, which makes the position of sub-arguments in the process of argument very clear.
It also adds a lot of color to the compelling argument of the whole article.
Let's take a short passage as an example:
Smell it and don't jump.
The implementation of public opinion supervision is very important. In our country where feudal consciousness is still relatively strong, it takes a process for both leaders and the masses to cultivate democratic consciousness. It is unrealistic to ask every leader to "smell" and "worship when he hears good things". It is better to mention "smell" for the time being.
no
I don't know. The standard is low. It is not uncommon to jump when you smell it. Even if you gently touch the tiger's ass, it will jump. What do you mean, jump? Nothing more than that, criticism has lost his "dignity", or
Criticism does not conform to the facts, or just touched his "acupuncture point". In either case, jumping is not a good countermeasure. It can neither decorate dignity and enhance prestige, nor can it be used to clarify facts, let alone cover up mistakes.
Wrong, will only expose their narrow-minded, there is not much way.
If you don't jump, it's not a plug, which can promote good reflection. You should advocate not jumping when you smell it, but ignoring it when you smell it. Or passive, "crustily skin of head.
Top "; Even waiting for an opportunity to retaliate against "settling accounts after autumn"; The latter kind of non-jumping has caused a very bad influence, and history has also punished this kind of "accountant" who does not jump. I heard about it, and hope to promote it after "no jump"
Reflect, take good advice, draw motivation and vitality from criticism, and then do better the part of the work entrusted to them by the party and the people.
The central argument of this essay is the first sentence of the first paragraph: "I have heard it, but I can't jump." This is an innovative opinion derived from the idiom "I'm glad to hear it" according to the actual situation of implementing public opinion supervision.
Very clear and eye-catching. Then put forward two sub-arguments: first, "it is hard to say that the standard is low"; The second is "don't be deaf, promote reflection and be good." It is put forward at the beginning of each natural paragraph in turn, which not only proves, supplements and
The central argument plays a role, which enables the discussion to develop and reach a certain depth, and the sub-arguments are prominent, which is also "straight to the point" in the natural paragraph, which undoubtedly plays a more thought-provoking role in the argument of the article.
The key to commenting on specific materials is to extract central arguments and sub-arguments from the materials, or to "get to the point". Please read the following article:
This kind of meeting is good.
can
Wind is the embodiment of the party's style of work, and we should advocate a good social wind in the four modernizations. On the morning of September 22nd, the committee commemorating the centenary of Lu Xun's birth held a meeting of all its members. At 8: 30, Chen Huangmei, Secretary General of the Committee, met with him.
Chi came to the meeting. Before 9 o'clock, Comrade Deng, Chairman of the Commemorative Committee, also came to the meeting in advance. She had a cordial conversation with some members for a while, then took a seat and declared the meeting open. She said the meeting had two agendas.
First, the Secretary-General made a report. Secondly, members were invited to discuss the report. First, she put forward specific opinions on the commemorative activities, and also put forward hopes and demands for the members. One member made a brief statement. After a while, Deng agreed.
Tzu Chi asked, "Any comments?" No one asked to speak at the meeting. She announced: "If there is no opinion, the meeting will be dissolved and the meeting will be very short!" "At that time, it was 9: 45 in the morning. Although the meeting was short, it solved the problem. The atmosphere of the meeting
Well, some places are worth promoting.
First of all, the meeting host should attend the meeting on time. A meeting should have a resolute style, and it is stipulated that all participants, including the person who presides over the meeting, should attend the meeting.
The leaders attending the meeting are no exception. Come to the meeting at eight or nine, and arrive at the meeting at nine. This bad habit of laziness should be corrected. No matter how long the participants wait, the host's own procrastination style should be corrected.
A good leader is not only the embodiment of the views of the masses, but also conducive to forming a good style of unity, tension, seriousness and vividness with the participants.
Second, the speaker should make a prepared speech. No matter what meeting is held, we should pay attention to the effect and quality. We must make full preparations before the meeting. Without preparation before the meeting, participants will talk nonsense and ramble about the classics of mountains and seas, making it difficult to study and solve problems. We should encourage leaders to make prepared reports (they do it themselves and don't bother the secretary to do it for them).
sequence
The third is to talk short and have short meetings. The above meetings are very short, with a total time of less than one hour. If you talk too much, it will grow. Short words, no procrastination, time-consuming. We really need this style. Now everyone's task is heavy and there are many things to do.
Hold various meetings to discuss and study problems, but don't spend too much time on them. Because of the different contents, some meetings need to be long and some need to be short, but in any case, they should be as short as possible.
A little shorter. Lu Xun advocated making speeches and writing articles as short as possible. We should learn from Lu Xun and advocate that we would rather shorten the long meeting into a short meeting than pull the short meeting into a long meeting!
Advocating good social atmosphere and correcting bad social atmosphere should be an important part of rectifying the party style. (Originally published in People's Daily) Ge Wenqiong)
Unlike "I've heard of it, I can't jump", this article has specific materials for the meeting. The author analyzed the perceptual materials, rose to a rational understanding, and extracted that "social atmosphere is a manifestation of the party's style of work, and we must promote the four modernizations."
Put forward the central argument of "meeting the wind" directly, and then take the materials of the meeting as an example. Then the author summed up the good style of the meeting and extracted three sub-arguments: "The first is that the host arrived on time.
"Meeting", "The second is the prepared speech of the spokesman" and "The third is to say short words and hold short meetings", which are displayed at the beginning of each natural paragraph in turn, so that readers can see at a glance the specific content and standards of a good meeting style, thus making
The whole paper is more vivid. Obviously, this is the role and effect of "straight to the point".
In order to directly put forward the central argument and sub-argument, it is necessary to conceive the outline of the argument before writing, and pay attention to three points: first, pay attention to whether the expression of the argument itself is clear and thorough; The second is to pay attention to the relationship between the central argument and the sub-argument. Third, whether there is an inherent logical connection between sub-arguments. When the idea is mature, you can lay paper and pens.
For example, the enlightenment of "A clever woman can't cook without rice" in the Outline of Argument:
Central argument: practice makes true knowledge, constantly sum up experience and master the laws of things, so as to improve work efficiency.
Sub-argument:
(1) A man should have a conscience, be good at learning and discover the rules.
(2) Give full play to subjective initiative, constantly sum up experience and master the law.
(3) Apply laws, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, be brave in overcoming difficulties and improve work efficiency.
For example, the outline of The Art of Argumentation:
Central argument: In order to achieve effective criticism, we must pay attention to the "art" of criticism.
Sub-argument:
(1) Criticism must pay attention to boundaries and discretion. If you criticize, you shouldn't criticize indiscriminately.
(2) Criticism must grasp the character of the criticized person.
(3) When criticizing, we should also pay attention to respecting the personality of the criticized person.
(4) Pay attention to the "art" of criticism, so as to open the door of the mind of the criticized person, make the criticized person completely convinced, and really improve the ideological consciousness.
Make the outline of the argument clear before writing, so that when writing, the thinking will not be blocked, the writing will not be lengthened, and it will be easy to get to the point.
Of course, the layout of the article is varied, and there are far more than one way to put forward arguments. But if you learn to put forward the central argument from the beginning of the article and the sub-argument from the first sentence of the following paragraph, you will master the argumentative essay.
Giving full play to the power of argument is a skill. According to the meaning of the problem and the need to discuss reality, it is of great practical value for us to use this method of putting forward arguments directly and skillfully.