Learning to appreciate photographic works is one of the basic skills of photographers, because only through appreciation can we learn more from other people's works.
In my opinion, the appreciation of photographic works can be divided into four types:
The first one is more popular. Like ordinary people looking at calendars, we can only say that the scenery is beautiful, my sister is beautiful, the colors are bright and the photos are clear. In fact, as long as the weather is well grasped, as long as you arrive at the scenic spot or your sister is beautiful, it is relatively easy to take good-looking photos. Photographers are also prone to a sense of accomplishment. No wonder some tutors don't encourage novices to make more films like this.
The second is photographers, who pay more attention to the composition, tone, color and lighting skills of photos. Generally speaking, the photos they have taken have begun to develop in the direction of artistic photography, and these photos are somewhat interesting.
The third kind is enthusiasts. Their persistent pursuit of photography is admirable. They are very concerned about the choice of photographic equipment. Such as cameras, lenses, etc. Because they have learned that the quality of photographic works is closely related to the choice of equipment. But we must not just talk about "weapons."
The fourth category is photographic artists, who pay more attention to the conception and ideological connotation of photographic works, the grasp of shooting opportunity and character expression, the visual impact of works, the techniques and skills of expressing themes, post-production and so on. Therefore, the works of these masters are always attractive, and the more you look at them, the more interesting they become.
The above is my superficial understanding, and the purpose is to hope that there will be more real things in the film reviews about hummingbirds.
The quality of a photo can be appreciated from the following aspects:
First, the composition should be beautiful and novel. A good photo, the first thing that catches your eye must be its composition. A good composition will not copy other people's methods, but should be individual and unique. The theme it reflects should be prominent, not rigid.
Second, for color photos, they should be rich in color, bright, and properly matched with cold and warm; Black and white photos should be in sharp contrast and soft.
Third, the theme is prominent. Every photo has its theme and subject, and the part that is not the subject should be empty or dim. The background should be clean, you can't pretend to be the master, avoid everything, take pictures of everything and highlight nothing.
Fourth, we must have the appeal of the times. A good photo appears in front of you and should make you feel very shocked. It not only reflects the image of the times, but also has a unique personality.
Fifth, the light source is used properly. Backlight, side light, smooth light, top light, bottom light, natural light, reflected light and other light sources, if used properly, can reflect the content of the main body and the whole picture. Generally speaking, a good photo uses more backlight and side light. Unless it is a documentary news film or an artistic photo, it is difficult to have a good effect by following the light.
Sixth, the level of photos should be rich and clear. The foreground, the middle scene and the distant view should be clear and clear.
Seventh, regarding commercials, the theme should be prominent and the colors should be bright and eye-catching. You can use exaggeration, fiction and other methods to enhance the appeal. Conciseness, humor, rich meaning, popularity, uniqueness and individuality are the elements of advertising films.
Eighth, we should deal with the special effects of photos. Such as black and white effect, oil painting effect, watercolor effect, printmaking effect, sculpture effect, stripe effect, water pattern effect and so on. In this way, the photos have a special artistic effect.
The general method of photographic picture appreciation: it is also very simple to say: generally speaking, there are two aspects, content/conception and art/technique.
In fact, the complex aesthetic activities of a work vary from person to person, but the results are quite different. Unified understanding, or "great minds think alike", is not a unified standard or mathematical algorithm, but there are differences. You give 99.5, I give 99.7, you give 5 stars and I give 3 stars. Either "carrots and vegetables have their own tastes", you like spicy food, I like sour food, you say yes, I think it's too bad, and everyone can't refute it. This is caused by many factors: firstly, the aesthetic object is beautiful, and secondly, we think it is beautiful, and the problem lies in "thinking". Everyone's differences and differences in knowledge accumulation, artistic accomplishment, aesthetic orientation and taste preferences will lead to completely different results. However, in any case, the way to appreciate a work should be roughly the same.
First of all: Does this work make me fall in love at first sight? Have a good impression at first sight and be interested in it. I am willing to spend some time and pen and ink to appreciate it and learn it. This article has a lot to do with personal factors, often depending on personal taste.
Secondly, analyze the content, theme, theme, significance, atmosphere, artistic conception, tendency and so on.
There is a saying that art is interlinked. Although it is too vague and vague, it is clear from the concept that any kind of art must be composed of content and form.
Photography is a visual art, so it is inseparable from basic visual elements such as line, block, color and light. Then, by using the internal relationship between the content and form of these elements, the artistic image is finally shaped, and the theme, artistic conception and atmosphere expressed by this artistic image are fully expressed, and the creator's thoughts are also included.
Methods: Thinking, repeated deduction, induction and so on.
1, recognize the image and answer the question of what the image is.
2. Decompose the content/form and study the internal structural relationship between the subject and object of the picture.
3. Discrimination of elements, lines, blocks, colors, lighting and other conditions.
4, the overall idea, the theme of the work, emotional atmosphere, try to figure out the author's ideas and ideas.
5, deep association, push yourself and others, what is the meaning of work?
6, the taste of chewing, the viewer's inner feelings and emotions * * *
In fact, everyone has their own tricks, come on!
Third:
As mentioned above, the decisive factor of a film's success lies in the theme thinking and technical preparation before the shutter shooting, and it is also the premise of giving the viewer Han Ying a drunken aesthetic process. As old Xi famously said: Without a camera, there would be no photography.
Then, appreciating the favorite scenery photography works will inevitably involve the application of equipment and technical means to complete the creation of the works. There are two kinds of talking photographers: one is technical, whose main interest is playing with machines and doing technology; The second is the theme category, which focuses on the research and creation of various photography genres. However, in any case, everyone is intoxicated by the sweet click of charming little machines, and everyone dreams endlessly of owning all kinds of cameras and lenses.
Methods: That is to guess what equipment and technical treatment the photographer is playing with.
1, equipment application processing, camera brand can not be guessed, but camera frame size should be referenced, as well as lens, film, color filter and so on. The use of lenses with different focal lengths, different kinds of films and filters with different colors has a direct impact on the work, how the photographer handles it and what kind of effect it has on the work.
2. Photography skills, basic photography skills required for each creation, shutter speed, aperture depth of field, hyperfocal distance, perspective effect, exposure combination and compensation, etc. How did the photographer handle it and what effect did it have on the work?
3. With the change of viewpoint and angle, it is not easy to choose the shooting point of landscape photography. Making full use of "geographical position", the conversion of up, down, left and right pitching will bring different visual effects. How did the photographer handle it and what effect did it have on the work?
4. It should be said that it is darkroom or PS processing in the later stage of shooting, especially PS processing, which has been debated endlessly in the photography field. Now this concept and understanding seem to be accepted a lot. There is no doubt that if you enjoy pictures online, there will be no pleasing final works without high PS technology.
In addition to being influenced and restricted by the same artistic law, various art categories have their own characteristics and internal laws. This is because all kinds of arts have different materials and means to create images, and their image characteristics are also different. Therefore, the law of appreciating various arts is different. Because photography has artistic characteristics different from other arts, it determines the law of photography, and the elements of photography appreciation are: basic modeling factors; Technical skills; Artistic expression method; Theme, thought and other four aspects.
First of all, literature uses language to shape images, music uses sound to express images, and photography uses colors and tones to shape images. Therefore, to appreciate the art of photography, we should first start with the basic modeling factors such as composition, lighting, tone and color, because these modeling factors can be directly perceived by the viewer and have intuitive characteristics. They are the basis of the image and appreciation of the picture, and also the premise for the appreciator to further feel and understand the artistry and ideological content of the photographic works.
Secondly, photography is a combination of science and art, and the production of each photo is inseparable from the application of certain technical skills. Photography skills are embodied by different picture effects, which cannot be directly perceived by the viewer, and need to have certain photographic knowledge to perceive, so from this perspective, it has indirect characteristics. For example, the shooting skill of parallel follow-up in shooting hurdles is a kind of picture effect with clear subject, blurred background and strong movement. If you have a certain knowledge of photography, you will know at a glance that the following method is used in the photo, and then you will consider whether this method is good or not, and then think about whether this method is conducive to highlighting the main idea, so as to feel and understand it at a deeper level. On the other hand, if you don't have photography knowledge, when you see a photo, you will only perceive its virtual and real dynamic effect, and may even mistake it for a broken photo. Therefore, having a certain knowledge of photography is an important condition to appreciate the art of photography. At the same time, photography skills are also an important factor to appreciate artistic photos, including the grasp of the best moment, atmosphere and manner, and the expression of angle, texture, lines and movements.
Thirdly, artistic expression method is also an important factor to appreciate artistic photos, which includes two aspects: creative method and artistic means, and they are inextricably linked. Creative method is the basic principle and method that photographers follow to reflect real life and create images, which is determined by the author's artistic view. Art view refers to the author's overall view of artistic beauty under the influence of a certain world outlook, that is, the guiding ideology of creative work, which is related to the artistic tradition and artistic accomplishment accepted by individuals. Different artistic views have different creative methods, so there are different styles of photos, such as photo photography and realistic photography. Artistic techniques are various expressive techniques used by photographers according to the needs of the theme under the guidance of certain artistic concepts, such as exaggeration and contrast, conciseness and implication, implication and symbol. The artistic technique of photography often requires specific photographic techniques, which does not mean artistic techniques. The artistic technique of photography also has indirect characteristics in appreciation, which often uses the imagination and association of the appreciator to achieve the purpose of artistic infection.
4. Any photographic work of art is the unity of content and form, and the theme is the concentrated expression of the content of the photographic work, so it is one of the important factors to appreciate the artistic photos. The content of photography art refers to the social life and natural scenery reflected by the images in art photos, as well as the thoughts and feelings it embodies. It runs through the whole process from the conception of the title to the completion of the work, including the observation of life, the choice of theme, the capture of plot and the depiction of details, the establishment of theme and the deepening of artistic conception, the pursuit of the spirit of the times and national style, and deliberate innovation. Generally speaking, photographs with social life as the theme have obvious themes; The photos with the theme of natural landscape are not obvious. However, the artistic technique itself is distinct and implicit. Some works with strong sense of scenery, still life and form have entrusted the author's thoughts and feelings, and are also the embodiment of the author's artistic concept. Its artistic conception is experienced by the viewer's aesthetic experience and feelings.
If the first three points mentioned above are mainly in the form of photography, then the fourth point is the content of photography. These four elements are interrelated and permeated with each other, showing the connotation of artistic photos to the viewers from different aspects.
As far as the basic elements of photographic works are concerned, a good work must meet the following requirements in terms of artistry, in addition to clear ideological content:
First, the composition should be artistic.
First, we should correctly handle the reasonable layout of foreground, subject and background in three-dimensional space. In the limited landscape framework, he is good at using painting language, and properly handles the reasonable layout of foreground, subject and background in three-dimensional space on the premise of highlighting the subject, so as to make them harmoniously echo, organically combine and complement each other. Among them, the subject is always emphasized, and the foreground and background serve the subject. They are good at using the light and shade, reality, distance and color changes of the three to express the trend, dynamics and emotions of the subject. Foreground and background are the accompaniment and embellishment of the subject, which are determined according to the needs of the subject. There can be only subject and background, or only foreground and subject, or only subject. There is a basic principle in the choice of photographic composition, which is often called "subtraction rule". All the companions that are dispensable to the subject are removed without regrets, and the position, clarity, color and brightness of the companions cannot be usurped by the owner.
Second, be good at using scenery lines and colors to guide the audience's line of sight. The end point of line of sight extension should be the subject to be expressed. If the end point of extension is not on the subject, it will inevitably distract attention from the subject. The brightness and color of the subject should also be stronger than that of the companion, otherwise the companion will be too leaky.
Third, pay attention to the golden ratio. Nowadays, cameras are usually equipped with a TIC-tac-toe framing auxiliary frame, which actually uses the golden ratio principle. The rational layout of the subject should be at the four intersections of four straight lines, at least one of which coincides. Except for buildings that need to show stability, the center of the subject is generally not enough for people to take pictures.
Fourth, leave space for the dynamic front area of the subject. When shooting the profile of a figure or a moving body, there should be room for movement in front of the face of the figure or moving body, otherwise the figure and moving body will give people a feeling of hitting a wall, which is not conducive to dynamic performance.
Fifth, pay attention to the beauty of the picture. Trees grow on people's heads, telephone poles pop up, people are framed in dark doorframes, the picture is divided into two by clear vertical lines or horizontal lines, and buildings are seriously tilted from the horizon, which will give people a very uncomfortable feeling. Once these problems occur, they should be regarded as scrapped.
Second, the focus is reasonable. Why do you say "the emphasis is empty and reasonable"? Is virtual also reasonable? Don't worry, readers, listen to the next paragraph. Beginners in photography focus on basic skills. Generally speaking, it is difficult to become a good work if the subject is not focused. However, it is not necessarily right to simply say that a truly focused work is a good work. The key depends on the performance needs of the subject. For example, I remember a classic photo of a girl wearing a red poncho in the rain outside the window. The author focuses on the window glass covered with water droplets, and the girl in the distance is out of focus and becomes a virtual shadow, but it is this virtual reality that exaggerates the mist effect of rain. Imagine that if people walking in the rain are very clear, the effect of rain and fog will inevitably be diluted. Therefore, according to the performance needs, determine where is the focus and where is empty. It should not be true, it should not be empty, or even empty everywhere, and it is definitely not a good work.
What's the point? The general theme should be true (re-emphasize the general) and the key parts should be true! The focus of people and animals is on the eyes, the focus of architecture is in the middle, the focus of five rows of photos is on the face of the person in the middle of the second row, and there are countless others. Bottom line: Be in the key part of your theme.
Readers, don't be angry with people who criticize the out-of-focus situation of your movie characters just because I said "the focus is reasonable", because most online movies are "normal" and "two images", after all, there are very few, so please forgive me for wronged you!
Third, there is a brightness. Just as the focus is reasonable, the exposure is still bright and dark. A photo with accurate exposure is a good photo, but it is not necessarily an excellent work. High-profile films are artificially overexposed, which makes the white clothes and background of the characters disappear, strengthens the hair and face, and creates a holy and elegant artistic conception; Low-key films are deliberately underexposed, so that the clothes and backgrounds of the characters are submerged in black, highlighting the highlights of the face and creating a deep, quiet and elegant atmosphere. The overexposure and underexposure here are just a stroke of genius, and it is unfair to judge a work only by the accuracy of exposure.
But is there no standard to judge the exposure of a work? The answer is no, under normal circumstances, the exposure should be accurate. If the exposure is seriously overexposed or underexposed, the necessary shadows and details are completely gone. What should we show the audience? In real life, people are always used to seeing with their own eyes, and photographic works should also adapt to people's visual habits. Whether it is film or digital camera, its tolerance is far less than that of human eyes for scenery. Therefore, we should be more careful about exposure and try to make the light and dark details of photos close to what people see in their lives. Otherwise, don't blame the audience for being picky Of course, I actively advocate and encourage photographers who have crossed the "photography" stage to explore boldly, pursue their own photography style, flexibly grasp the contrast between light and dark, and create excellent works.