(1) guiding principle: moral education should be ideal and directional, and guide students to develop in the right direction. Because students are in a critical period of rapid moral development, on the one hand, they have great plasticity; On the other hand, they are young, lack social experience and recognition ability, and are easily influenced by the outside world. Therefore, school moral education should adhere to the guiding principles and point out the direction for the healthy development of students' morality.
The basic requirements for implementing this principle are: ① a firm and correct political direction. ② The goal of moral education should meet the requirements of the principles, policies and general tasks in the new period. ③ The ideal and reality of moral education should be combined.
(2) Persuasion principle: it means that moral education should be conducted by persuasion and persuasion, starting with improving students' understanding, mobilizing students' initiative and making them positive.
The basic requirements for implementing this principle are: ① to explain the truth and clear the mind. (2) Follow suit according to the situation. ③ Give priority to praise and encouragement, and insist on positive education.
(3) The principle of combining respect with strict requirements for students: It means that moral education should combine respect and trust for students with strict requirements for students' thoughts and behaviors, so that the influence and requirements of educators on students can be easily transformed into students' morality. Makarenko, an educator in the former Soviet Union, also said, "We should ask as many people as possible and respect them as much as possible."
The basic requirements for implementing this principle are: ① Love, respect and trust students. (2) Require educators to put forward reasonable and correct requirements for students, which should be specific and appropriate in Yan Kuan. (3) Educators are required to seriously implement the requirements put forward by students.
(4) The principle of consistency and coherence in education: it means that moral education should purposefully and systematically organize and adjust the educational influence on students from all sides, so that they can cooperate with each other and coordinate with each other, so that students' moral character can develop according to the requirements of educational purposes.
The basic requirements for implementing this principle are: ① unifying the educational forces in all aspects of the school. (2) unify the educational influence of all aspects of society. ③ Moral education for students should be carried out in a planned and systematic way.
(5) The principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude means that moral education should proceed from the reality of students' ideological understanding and moral development, and carry out different education according to their age characteristics and personality differences, so as to develop each student's moral character. Confucius in our country put forward an effective way to understand students, that is, "seeing what they are, observing what they are, and observing their safety", and carrying out differentiated education according to the characteristics of students.
The basic requirements for implementing this principle are: ① A deep understanding of students' personality characteristics and inner world. ② Carry out targeted education according to students' personal characteristics, and strive to "open a lock with a key". ③ Educate students in a planned way according to their age characteristics.
Basic methods of moral education
(1) Persuasion method: it refers to the method of raising students' understanding and forming correct views by putting facts and reasoning. Persuasion includes explanation, conversation, report, discussion, interview, etc.
When using persuasion, we should pay attention to: ① Clear the purpose. (2) Rich knowledge and strong interest. ③ Pay attention to the timing. 4 treat people with sincerity.
(2) Example method: refers to the method of influencing students' moral character with others' noble thoughts, exemplary behaviors and outstanding achievements.
When using the example method, we should pay attention to: ① Choose a good example to study. Choosing a good example is the premise of reference. ② Arouse students' admiration for role models. (3) Guide students to use examples to regulate their behavior and improve their self-cultivation.
(3) Exercise method: refers to the method of purposefully organizing students to carry out certain practical activities in order to cultivate their good moral character. Exercises include: exercises, systems, entrusting tasks, and organizing activities.
Attention should be paid to using exercise method: ① Adhere to strict requirements. ② arouse students' enthusiasm. ③ Pay attention to inspection and persistence.
(4) Shaping method: refers to the method of cultivating students' moral character by creating a good situation. Cultivation includes: personality edification, environmental cultivation and artistic cultivation.