1. Pre-Qin scholars read the first three articles and write 800 essays as fast as possible

1. Confucianism: Confucianism is the most influential school of thought in ancient China. Generally speaking, especially in the pre-Qin period, Confucianism was only one of the schools. A school of thought that believes in the teachings of Confucius. His school advocates "rituals and music" and "benevolence and righteousness", and advocates "loyalty, forgiveness" and "the golden mean". It advocates "moral governance" and "benevolent governance" and attaches great importance to ethical relationships.

2. Confucianism: Confucianism, also known as Confucianism or Confucianism, was founded by Confucius and later gradually developed into an ideological system with benevolence as the core. It is the most influential school in China and the most influential school in China. mainstream consciousness in ancient times.

3. Representative figures of Confucianism and its development and evolution

·Confucius: benevolence, propriety, filial piety, doctrine of the mean

·Mencius: theory of kingship, benevolent government, and good nature

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·Xunzi: Theory of evil nature, understanding of nature and man

·Dong Zhongshu:

·Zhu Xi: Neo-Confucianism, preserving the principles of nature and destroying human desires

·Wang Yangming: The Study of the Mind

·Huang Zongxi, Gu Yanwu, and Wang Fuzhi: Advocating "rule of law" against "rule by man", managing the world for practical purposes, and qili

Confucianism The basic ideological core of Confucianism

· "Benevolence" is the core of Confucianism and the highest moral principle, moral standard and moral realm.

·Maintain "rule by etiquette", promote "rule by virtue", and pay attention to "rule by people".

> ·I am old, and people are old; . "Mencius · King Hui of Liang"

· Zengzi said: "I examine myself three times every day: Am I being unfaithful in my plans for others? ? Is it not a habit of teaching? "The Analects of Confucius·Xue Er"

< p> ·Lin Yuan admires the fish, not as good as. "Book of Han: The Biography of Dong Zhongshu"

·Wealth cannot be changed, poverty and lowliness cannot be changed, this is called a true man. "Mencius·Teng Wengong"

· , the villain grows Qiqi. "The Analects of Confucius·Shuer"

·Green, taken from blue and green from blue, ice, "Xunzi·Encouragement to Learning"

< p> · , you can be a teacher. "The Analects of Confucius · For Politics"

· If you are a person of three, you must have a teacher; , "The Analects of Confucius · Shu Er"

·Learn eruditely, inquire carefully, think clearly, argue clearly, and practice it diligently. "Book of Rites· Doctrine of the Mean"

·Learning without thinking is useless, "The Analects of Confucius·Politics"

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·Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, which is knowing. "The Analects of Confucius: For Politics"

·If a person does not have long-term concerns, he must have immediate worries.

7. Example: The Analects has a profound impact on the thinking of later generations. Please quote a sentence in the Analects that has a similar meaning to the following text, and then analyze the ideas they express (4 points). p>

"It is natural for a gentleman to be a friend of a gentleman who has the same ideals, and a villain to be a friend of a villain who has the same interests. " (Ouyang Xiu's "On Party") 2. Write a composition using Lesson 7 of Selected Readings by Pre-Qin Scholars. You can also use a few sentences from the text

1. "Selected Readings by Pre-Qin Scholars" is a high school version of the People's Education Press One of the Chinese elective textbooks. It mainly selects representative chapters from the four schools of Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism, and Legalism. These classics are like the pearl agate of Chinese traditional culture. These works not only have their own merits, but also are like a kaleidoscope of culture. They are as colorful as a wise man and are full of rich wisdom. These representative chapters exude an alluring fragrance and have endless charm, attracting our future generations of readers. From a stylistic point of view, they are basically. The above is an argumentative essay; in terms of content, its philosophical depth and breadth are unprecedented.

2. "Selected Readings of Pre-Qin Scholars" is a collection of thoughts from hundreds of schools of thought in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods*. **There are seven units. The selected articles are detailed and brief, but they are all targeted. They are rare spiritual food for our middle school students. On the one hand, there is the Confucian spirit of "benevolence as one's own duty" and Mencius's "happy people." On the other hand, there is also the Taoist dialectical thought of "the interdependence of existence and non-being", and Zhuangzi's carefree state beyond life and death. The whole book is like a colorful and nutritious fruit platter. Once you open the book , the wise words of those sages can’t wait to jump into our eyes. They travel through time and space, showing their vivid vitality on paper and in life. 3. Read 500 words of selected readings from pre-Qin philosophers

Hahahaha..." bursts of laughter came from time to time at home. It turned out that my cousin, my cousin, and my two cousins ??and I were playing a hide-and-seek game called "Police Catch Thieves."

"Black and white color TV." Oh, my cousin won. Finally it was my turn to hide, and the others and I scattered like frightened deer. Where to hide? Behind the curtain? No, someone is already hiding there; in the storage room? No, it’s too easy to find there; in the bedroom? No, the famous flower already has its owner there; in the kitchen? No, there's no place to hide there; bathroom? That’s right! I hid behind the bathroom door.

The time was up, and the footsteps of the "police" were getting closer and closer. I hurriedly covered my mouth, not even daring to breathe out. The "police" was really close, she pushed the door open, and then left, haha, I secretly said Fortunately, she didn't push the door all the way and didn't find me. After a while, I heard a noise coming from the living room. I thought all the "thieves" were found, so I jumped out. Huh? The "police" hadn't found all the "thieves" yet, so I sadly "thrown myself into a trap". If I hide just a little longer, I can save a "thief".

It's my turn to be a "policeman". I have had the experience of being a "thief" and know their "lair" well. "1,2,3...30, okay, time's up." I started to act. I first looked for the storage room, but before I opened the door, I heard a voice from behind: "Explode the house." It's really abominable that the clever cousin succeeded in destroying the house, so he could only save a "thief". There was no one in the storage room, but there were two cousins ??in the curtain that I opened. Haha, kill two birds with one stone. At this time, there was movement behind the air conditioner. As I expected, my cousin was hiding behind the air conditioner. Hey, I'm pretty good at being a "policeman."

The game went on round by round. We were "policemen" for a while and "thieves" for a while. We had a great time. Although a long time passed, we were still immersed in happiness. . 4. Among the scholars of the pre-Qin period, Mencius's articles are most literary and powerful. Write a paragraph of appreciation of about 100 words.

Take "If you gain the Tao, you will get many help, but if you lose the Tao, there will be few." The phrase “there is little help” was originally a point of view put forward when discussing the outcome of war during the Warring States Period. War is a continuation of politics, so it also applies to politics. To this day, whether it is morally appropriate in the operation of world politics is still a question. The norms governing the relationship between countries and nations. Countries, big or small, rich or poor, strong or weak, should participate in international affairs under the principle of equality. Any behavior that violates this law will definitely end in failure. "A nation is rejuvenated through hard work. "Eat well and perish", "Be born in sorrow, die in peace", etc. are often used to encourage people to be prepared for danger in times of peace and enhance the national awareness of danger. These ancient maxims all shine with the beauty of self-vigilance and self-improvement of the Chinese people from generation to generation. light...