Current location - Quotes Website - Famous sayings - Looking for 20 famous quotes, 15 sayings, 10 Spring Festival couplets, and idioms
Looking for 20 famous quotes, 15 sayings, 10 Spring Festival couplets, and idioms

If you don’t know pain, you are not a good man. ——Hugo

Three armies can seize the commander, but an ordinary man cannot seize the will. ——Confucius

Reading any good book is like talking to many noble people. ——Descartes

Suffering is the teacher of life. Through suffering, you can move towards joy. ——Beethoven

It is better to retreat and build a net than to fish in the abyss. ——"Historical Records and Han Shu Biography of Dong Zhongshu"

Of all living beings, who does not love life? Love life to the extreme, and then love the group. ——Qiu Jin

The sparrows play with the fan firewood, and the swans roam safely. ——Cao Zhi

It is never too late to learn. ——Gorky

The roc rises with the wind in one day and soars ninety thousand miles. ——Li Bai

The decisive factor in forming genius should be diligence. ——Guo Moruo

Let us replace the worries beforehand with thinking and planning beforehand! ——Anonymous

Ambition is the key to merit, and diligence is the key to broad career. ——Anonymous

Great works are accomplished not by strength, but by persistence. —— Johnson

Even if you fall a hundred times, you must stand up a hundred and one times. ——Zhang Haidi

Striving for quick results without working hard will only lead to arrogance for a short time and embarrassment for old age. ——Zheng Banqiao

The trick to learning a lot is not to learn a lot all at once. ——Locke

What determines a person's life and entire destiny is just a moment. ——Goethe

The difficulties that are overcome are the opportunities for victory. ——Churchill

One of the great advantages of superior people is their perseverance in adverse and difficult encounters. ——Beethoven

The most terrifying enemy is the lack of strong belief. ——France

What is failure? Failure is the first step to a better place. ——Phillips

The goal of will does not exist in nature, but is contained in life. ——Musha Koji Sanetsu

The first sign of an educated mind is the ability to ask questions. ——Plekhanov

You must think highly of yourself first, and then others will think highly of you. ——Anonymous

If we have accepted the worst, we have nothing to lose. ——Carnegie

Smart people have long ears and short tongues. ——Fleger

Therefore, those who are determined have the heart to learn; those who are determined are the things that scholars are determined to do. ——Wang Yangming

If a bird wants to fly high, it first flutters its wings; if a person wants to make progress, he first studies. ——Li Ruochan

Aim high. ——Zhuge Liang

Life is not a game, so we have no right to give it up at will. ——Leo Tolstoy

Reading a good book is like talking to a noble person——Goethe

Even if a strong heart does not grow old, it can still survive death. Be a ghost hero. ——Lu You

Don’t stay in a completed career! ——Pasteur

Good opportunities are of no use to laziness, but diligence can turn the most ordinary opportunities into good ones. ——Nietzsche

Whoever has the will to endure untold hardships can achieve any goal. ——Menander

Stand strong despite all the hardships, no matter how strong the wind is. ——Zheng Banqiao

Although patience and persistence are painful things, they can gradually bring you benefits. ——Ovid, the ancient Roman poet

Those who can overcome difficulties can turn difficulties into opportunities. ——Churchill

Through suffering, to joy. ——Beethoven

If you are not strong-willed, you will never succeed. ——Zhu Xi

As long as you continue to work hard and strive unremittingly, there is nothing that cannot be conquered. ——Seneca

Great work is not accomplished with strength but with patience. ——Johnson

If human activities are not inspired by ideals, they will become empty and insignificant.

——Chernyshevsky

If you walk every day, you are not afraid of thousands of miles; if you do it often, you are not afraid of thousands of things. ——Jin Ying

Perseverance when achieving success is more important than perseverance when suffering failure. ——La Rochefko, French writer

I have never known what depression is. If you come back after failure, your future is created by your own efforts. ——Xu Teli

If the will is surrendered, no matter how much it is, it will help violence. ——Dante

The past is forgotten like smoke, and the world is wide with selflessness in my heart.

——Tao Zhu 1. The Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea -------- Each Shows His Magic Power 2. The Clay Bodhisattva Crossing the River —— It’s Hard to Protect Yourself

3. Broad Beans Blooming -------- Black Heart 4. Kong The master moved - it was just books (lost)

5. Breaking the casserole---asking the end 6. The monk held an umbrella---lawless

7. The tiger fell on the plain---- being bullied by the dog 8. Adding superfluity---- unnecessary action

9. The arrow is on the string----no choice 10. Frog in the well----short-sighted

11. Looking for a needle in a haystack----nowhere to look for it 12. Fetching water from a bamboo basket---- All in vain

13. Open the skylight---speak frankly 14. When the ship reaches the bridge---it will be straight

15. Moths flutter Fire -------- self-destruction 16. 100-meter race -------- every second counts

17. Destroying success -------- eager for success 18. Enemy Meeting each other -------- extremely jealous

19. Sesame blossoms -------- getting higher and higher 20. New official takes office -------- three handfuls Fire

21. A blind man lights a lamp--it's a waste of wax 22. A rabbit's tail---it won't grow

23. Stealing a chicken fails-- ------Loss of rice 24. Wang Po sells melons----she sells herself and boasts

25. Tiger's butt--------cannot be touched 26. Tiger pulls cart --------Who dares

27. When a mouse crosses the street--------everyone shouts to beat it 28. Although a sparrow is small--------it has all five internal organs

p>

29. Thatch on the wall----Falling on both sides with the wind 30. Thirty-six strategies----Going is the best strategy

31. A blessing in disguise --------How to know the blessings and misfortunes 32. Han Xin ordered troops - the more the better

33. Monk Zhang Er --------I can't figure it out 34. Borrow and return -- ------It's not difficult to borrow again

35. A cat cries like a mouse----Fake compassion 36. The dumpling skin is broken----the filling is exposed

37. Carrying water on a shoulder pole------losing both ends of one's mind. 38. Playing the piano to an ox-----Wasted effort

39. Gathering of the Eight Immortals----- ----Shenchao 40. The Overlord's Toast----You have to do it even if you don't want to do it

41. The nail is on the board----You can't run away 42. Come to the door with a drum on your back --------Begging for a beating

43. Making lamps out of straw handles--------carelessness (core) 44. Bamboo shoots unearthed--------higher and higher

45. Cutting tofu with a kitchen knife---both sides are bright. 46. Nail-head hits nail---head-to-head collision.

47. Beating drums on the mountain- -----Famous in all directions (Ming) 48. A dog bites Lu Dongbin----Don't know a good heart

49. Guan Gong walks to Maicheng----You will be arrogant Defeat 50. An iron-beating rooster------not plucking out a dime

51. An egg hitting a stone---overestimating one's abilities 52. Jiang Taigong fishing------- - Those who wish to take the bait

53. Step on the watermelon rind ----- slide wherever you go 54. Fetch water from fifteen buckets - seven up and eight down

55. Rats drill into the bellows------and get angry at both ends. 56. Keep the green hills ----not afraid of running out of firewood

57. Look at people through the crack in the door----- ---Looking down on people 58. Clay Bodhisattva crossing the river----------You can't protect yourself

59. The water you threw out---You can't take it back 60. Riding on a donkey to read a songbook--we'll see

61. Sending goose feathers from a thousand miles away--the gift is light but the affection is heavy. 62. Beating the dog with a meat bun---- ----There is no return

>

63. There are no tigers in the mountains----monkeys are called kings 64. Sima Zhao’s heart----everyone knows it

65. Nephew lights a lantern-- ------It's still the same (uncle) 66. The tortoise eats the weights----I'm determined

67. Telling stories with a crooked mouth - Xie (evil) said 68. Mixed with green onions Tofu---one pure and two white

69. The little monk chants sutras---with words but no intention. 70. Zhou Yu puts on the yellow lid---consensus

71. Driving ducks to the shelves---it's thankless. 72. Blow the fire with a rolling pin---no clue.

73. The blind man wears glasses-- ------Decoration 74. Monkey fishing for the moon----Busy in vain

75. Scholar encounters soldiers----The reason is unclear 76 , The three cobblers---just like Zhuge Liang

77. The young monk recited sutras--with words but no intention 78. The monk taught the Taoist priests---be lenient in management

79. Marrying a wife during the Chinese New Year----Double Happiness 80. A deaf man sees a mute----Indifferent

81. Nail rivets on the copper plate ---One is one, two is two. 82. Carrying bamboo poles in the alleys---going straight forward

83. Soaking Coptis chinensis in bitter water---the bitterness becomes more bitter. 84. I unmoor, you push the boat - go with the flow

85. Put onions in pig's nose---pretend to be an elephant 86. Only state officials are allowed to set fire---no common people are allowed Light the lamp

87. Zhu Bajie looks in the mirror-------he is not a human being inside and outside. 88. The string of the kite is broken---there is no hope

89 , The turmoil in the pond - big deal 90. Talking without lighting the lamp - talking nonsense

91. Rowing against the wind and water - holding on hard 92. Eight Immortals crossing the sea - —Each one shows his or her own magical powers

93. Oriental people wear high hats----pretend to be tall 94. Go to the Fire Temple to pray for rain----find the wrong door

95. Luban played with an ax in front of the door---no eyesight. 96. The old lady ate glutinous rice balls---swallowed them all

97. Under the sun. Heavy rain----false love (sunny) 98. Selling dog meat over sheep's heads----false love

99. Crossing the river with a beard---- ----Excessive modesty 100. Singing without reading the song -- outrageous

101. Watching the sunrise on the top of Mount Tai - farsighted 102. Holding a lantern and chopping firewood - Ming Cut

103. Go down the mine with a lantern - go deeper step by step 104. Jump on the stage to join in the fun - act on occasion

105. Push the trolley up the steps - one step at a time 106. Big The girl sat in a sedan chair - the first time

107. Borrowed a dime and paid ten cents - not bad at all 108. Blowing fire with a rolling pin - knew nothing about it

109. Blowing the trumpet by the window - Fame 110. Crab crossing the street - domineering

111. No need for an awl to put on shoes - needles (really) work 112. Cheng Yaojin's ax - just these three times

113 , Deaf ears - decoration 114. No chicken for twenty-one days - bad guy

115. Boiled yellow lotus with rock sugar - share the joys and sorrows 116. Eighth-level workers worship the master - strive for excellence

117. The flood flooded the Dragon King Temple - he did not recognize his own family 118. The carpenter carried the shackles - it was his own fault

119. The cannon in the middle of the night - a blockbuster 120. Lighting up the lights on the plane - Gao Ming

The old (rat) crossed the street - everyone shouted to beat him. (Cow) horns greased with oil - sharp and slippery.

Pulling teeth from the old (tiger) mouth - adventure. (Rabbit) tail - can't grow long.

The (Dragon) King jumped into the sea - returned to his hometown. Hit (snake) seven inches - find the vital point.

The (horse) tail rubs the rope - does not join the stock. Selling dog meat by hanging (sheep) heads - in name only.

The (monkey) child looks in the mirror - he gets carried away. A (chicken) egg hits a rock - overestimating one's abilities.

(Dog) catches mice - meddles in other people's business. (Pig) Bajie looks in the mirror - he is a human being inside and out

Liu Bei visits the wise man - visits the thatched cottage three times and Guan Gong releases Cao Cao - reminisces about old friendship

Kong Ming kills Wei Yan - borrows a knife to kill Guan Gong and walks away from the wheat City - Death is imminent

Master Guan attended the meeting - Zhang Fei single-handedly scolded Guan Yu in the ancient city - misunderstanding

Cao Cao killed Hua Tuo - repaying evil with evil Zhuge Liang Longzhong's strategy - taking the lead

Kong Ming's strategy of emptying the city - turning danger into danger, Guan Gong surrendered to Cao Cao - he was in Cao's camp and his heart was in the Han Dynasty

Highlights of Spring Festival couplets

First couplet: The tiger in the gate is in peace.

Second couplet: Orioles singing in the willows and the beautiful spring

Upper couplet: Bathing in the spring breeze with plum blossoms blooming in the doorway

Second couplet: Tigers and birds singing in the house

First couplet: The Year of the Tigers is full of excitement

Second couplet: Farewell to the ugly cows and spring in the earth

First couplet: The cows are fat and the horses are strong and the harvest is good

The second couplet: The tiger leaps and the dragon soars, and there is a prosperous future

The first couplet: Oxen and horses make the family rich

The second couplet: The tiger leaps and the dragon soars, spring is everywhere

The first couplet: Niu Fenqian Cheng Rong's prosperous age

Second couplet: A tiger carries five blessings to celebrate the New Year

First couplet: An ox spreads its hooves and spreads the splendid scenery

Second couplet: A tiger adds wings to meet the storm

First couplet: The cattle plowed the green fields and thousands of warehouses were full

The second couplet: The roaring tigers and the green mountains were full of trees

The first couplet: The cattle plowed the fertile fields and went away

Second line: Tigers roar and the mountains stride forward

Upper line: Qianyuan departs for Sanyang Tai

Second line: Doubing returns to Yin and Wanhu spring

Upper line : When people are in prosperous times, their spirits are strong

The second line: The tiger leaps over the strange peaks with great momentum

The first line: The world is happy and healthy

The second line: The year of the tiger brings joy and happiness in spring

p>

The first couplet: When people enter the year of the tiger, they encourage the tiger's strength

The second couplet: When the door is full of spring scenery, the spring glory appears

The first couplet: When people are full of ambition, the tiger is even more powerful

Second couplet: Snow dances in the harvest year, Yan dances in spring

First couplet: Humans are like cattle and their hearts are precious

Second couplet: The Yin tiger is more powerful every year

First couplet: Beautiful mountains and clear waters

Second couplet: Tigers leap and dragons soar, the sun and the moon are new

First couplet: Dragons soar across the sea expressing ambition

Second couplet: Tigers in thousands of mountains The roaring wind

The first couplet: The breath of spring in the four seas and three rivers

The second couplet: The spirit of the tiger in thousands of households

The first couplet: The four seas sing and sing to welcome the new year of the tiger

Second line: Kyushu Yingjie leaps forward

Upper line: New Year's good news even more powerful

Second line: The road to the sun rises with horse feet

Idiom story - ---Suspected Neighbor Stealing an Axe

Once upon a time there was a countryman who lost an axe. He thought that the neighbor's son had stolen it, so he paid attention to every word and action of the man. The more he looked at it, the more he felt that the man looked like an ax thief. Later, the person who lost the ax found the ax. It turned out that when he went up the mountain to chop firewood a few days ago, he accidentally lost it in the valley. After finding the ax, he met the neighbor's son again. If he looked at him carefully, he didn't look like a thief.

Suspicious neighbors steal axes: Do not pay attention to factual basis, and make random suspicions about people and things.

2. Pull the seedlings to encourage growth

In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a farmer in the Song Dynasty. He always thought that the crops in the field grew too slowly. It seems that I never grow taller. He thought to himself: Is there any way to make them grow taller and faster?

One day, he came to the field and pulled up the seedlings one by one. It took a lot of effort to pull out a large field of seedlings one by one. By the time he finished pulling out the seedlings, he was exhausted, but he was very happy in his heart.

When he got home, he boasted: "I was exhausted today. I helped the seedlings grow several inches taller!" After hearing this, his son hurried to the field to see and found that all the seedlings in the field were dead.

3. Incurable

There was a minister in the Zhou Dynasty named Fan Bo. Fan Bo was not only talented in poetry, but also good at managing state affairs. Later, he assisted King Zhou Li in government affairs. However, King Li of Zhou was domineering and judged things in vain. The treacherous officials will use all kinds of flattery to please them. Fan Bo spoke frankly and enumerated the shortcomings of the government, but the treacherous ministers spoke ill of him in the ears of King Zhou Li. King Zhou Li was very tired of Fan Bo. From then on, treacherous ministers came in and out of the palace and ignored Fan Bo. Fan Bo was very angry and wrote a poem, which was later included in the Book of Songs. The poem criticized the treacherous minister and said: "He has done many evil things and is incurable!"

"Incorrigible" means that the illness is so serious that it cannot be saved with medicine. The latter is a metaphor for things being so bad that they cannot be saved.

4. Riding the wind and waves

In the ancient Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was a general in the Song Dynasty named Zong Ming. He was brave and ambitious since he was a child. One day, Zongci's uncle asked him what his ambition was. Zongci replied: "I would like to ride the long wind and break thousands of miles of waves." It means: I must break through all obstacles, move forward bravely, and do something great. After studying hard and working hard, Zong Tie finally became a general who was good at fighting.

Later, people used "riding the wind and waves" to describe the spirit of not being afraid of difficulties and moving forward bravely

5. A strip of water

During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Northern Zhou Dynasty in the north and the Southern Zhou Dynasty in the south The State of Chen took the Yangtze River as its boundary.

Yang Jian, the prime minister of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, deposed Emperor Zhou Jing, became emperor himself, and established the Sui Dynasty.

He was determined to destroy Chen Guo. He once said: "I am the parent of the people in the country. How can I watch the people in the south suffer and not save them just because there is a Yangtze River as narrow as a belt across the country?" Are they?

Later, people used the term "a strip of water" to describe two places that are very close to each other and are separated by only a narrow body of water.

6. Mountains and flowing water.

In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a man named Yu Boya who was proficient in music and had superb piano skills. He was a famous violinist at that time. When he was young, Yu Boya was smart and studious. After Boya's teacher knew his thoughts, he took him on a boat to Penglai Island in the East China Sea and let him enjoy the scenery of nature and listen to the sound of the waves of the sea. , I saw turbulent waves and splashing waves; seabirds flew and sang in my ears; the mountains and trees were lush and green, as if they were in a fairyland. A wonderful feeling suddenly appeared in my ears, and the harmonious and beautiful sounds of nature seemed to be playing in my ears. Music. He couldn't help but play the piano, turning the music at will, integrating the beauty of nature into the sound of the piano. The teacher told him: "You have learned it." "

One night Boya took a boat trip. Facing the breeze and the bright moon, he had many thoughts, so he played the piano again. The sound of the piano was melodious and gradually got better. Suddenly he heard someone on the shore exclaiming. Boya heard the sound When he got out of the boat, he saw a woodcutter standing on the shore. Knowing that this person was a close friend, he immediately asked the woodcutter to come on board and played for him with great interest. Boya played a tune praising the mountains. The woodcutter said: "It's really nice. ! Majestic and solemn, like Mount Tai towering into the clouds!" When he played to express the surging waves, the woodcutter said again: "It's so good! It's broad and majestic, like seeing rolling water or the boundless sea!" Ya was excited and said excitedly: "Bosom friend! You are really my soulmate. "This woodcutter was Zhong Ziqi. From then on, the two became very good friends.

The story comes from "Liezi·Tangwen". The idiom "high mountains and flowing water" is a metaphor for a close friend or close friend, and also a metaphor for beautiful music.

7. One-word teacher

Refers to a teacher who corrects a very key word in an article.

This term comes from Tao Yue's "History of the Five Dynasties" in the Song Dynasty. .

The Tang Dynasty was a very prosperous period in the development of my country's feudal society, and literature and art were also very developed. Among them, poetry was the most representative. At that time, not only were there many poets, but they also wrote many poems. The level of art and content is very high.

Among the many poets at that time, there was a poet named Qi Ji. One winter, in the wilderness after heavy snowfall, he saw the plum blossoms blooming proudly in the snow. He became so inspired by poetry that he composed a poem " The poem "Early Plum Blossoms" is about the plum blossoms that bloom early in winter. There are two lines in the poem that read: In the deep snow in the former village, several branches bloomed last night. After writing it, he felt very satisfied.

A man named Zheng Gu, after seeing this poem written by Qi Ji, thought that the meaning of this poem was not complete. So, after repeated thinking and deliberation, he changed these two lines of poem to: In the deep snow in the front village, a branch bloomed last night. Because he believes that since several plum blossoms are in bloom, it cannot be regarded as early plum blossoms.

Zheng Gu’s change, although only changing the number to one word, made "Early Plum Blossoms" more relevant to the title and the artistic conception of the poem more perfect. Qi already admired Zheng Gu's change very much and called Zheng Gu his Yizi master at that time.

8. Concentrate

Once upon a time there was a chess expert named Qiu, and his chess skills were very superb.

Qiu had two students who were learning to play chess with him. One of the students was very focused on studying with the teacher. The other one is not like this. He thinks that learning to play chess is easy and there is no need to take it seriously. When the teacher was explaining, although he was sitting there with his eyes looking at the chess pieces, he was thinking in his heart: "It would be great if I could shoot a swan goose in the wild and have a delicious meal." Because he was always thinking and absent-minded. I didn't listen to the teacher's explanation at all.

As a result, although the two students were taught by the same famous teacher, one made rapid progress and became a famous chess player, while the other did not learn any skills.

Answer: _Wen_WEN_ - Trainee Magician Level 2 2-25 13:29

Follow the picture to find out what happened

Sun Yang had a son and saw his father I wrote the "Horse Appraisal Sutra", thinking that it was easy to appraise horses, so I took this book and looked for good horses everywhere. He searched according to the figures drawn in the book, but found nothing. He also searched according to the characteristics written in the book, and finally found a toad that looked very much like the characteristics of a thousand-mile horse written in the book. He happily took the toad home and said to his father: "Dad, I found a thousand-mile horse, but it only has hooves." A little worse." When the father saw it, he couldn't laugh or cry. He didn't expect his son to be so stupid, so he said humorously: "It's a pity that this horse likes to jump too much and can't be used to pull the cart." /p>

Bole Xiangma

It is said that the god who manages horses in the sky is called Bole. In the human world, people who are good at identifying the quality of horses are also called Bole.

The first person to be called Bole, whose real name was Sun Yang, was from the Spring and Autumn Period. Because of his excellent research on horses, people forgot his original name and simply called him Bole, which he has done to this day.

Once, Bole was entrusted by the King of Chu to buy a horse that could travel thousands of miles a day. Bole explained to the King of Chu that a thousand-mile horse was rare and difficult to find. He had to travel to various places. He asked the King of Chu not to be anxious. He would try his best to get things done.

Bole traveled to several countries and carefully searched the Yanzhao area where famous horses are produced. He worked very hard, but he still couldn't find the good horse he liked. One day, Bole returned from Qi State. On the road, he saw a horse-drawn salt truck driving on a steep slope with great difficulty. Ma was panting from exhaustion, and every step was very difficult. Bole has always been close to horses, so he couldn't help but walk up to them. When the horse saw Bole approaching, he suddenly raised his head, widened his eyes, and neighed loudly, as if he wanted to tell Bole something. Bole immediately judged from the voice that this was a rare horse.

Rare

In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a famous scholar named Mi Heng who was extremely talented. At that time, Kong Rong, the Taizhong doctor, particularly appreciated him and recommended him to Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty. He wrote: "The emperor's royal residence must have extremely valuable treasures. Ruoheng and others are rare."

Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty did not dare to make the decision, so he gave Kong Rong's recommendation form to Cao Cao. Cao Cao loved talents, so he summoned Ni Heng. Unexpectedly, Mi Heng despised Cao Cao and was very rude to him. Cao Cao appointed Ni Heng as the drummer, and ordered him to play drums to entertain guests at banquets. Unexpectedly, Mi Heng cursed Cao Cao while beating the drum, which made Cao Cao very embarrassed. Cao Cao sent Ni Heng to Jingzhou to persuade Liu Biao to surrender, hoping to use Liu Biao's hand to kill him.

Unexpectedly, Liu Biao treated Mi Heng as his guest of honor, and Mi Heng had to express his position every time he discussed matters or issued proclamations. Later Mi Heng was disrespectful to Liu Biao again. Liu Biao sent him to serve as secretary to the general Huang Zu. Ni Heng was arrogant and arrogant because of his talent. Later, he was finally killed by Huang Zu.

The idiom "rare" comes from this, describing something very rare and rare. It is mostly used to praise talented people

Incorrigible

There was a minister in the Zhou Dynasty named Fan Bo. Fan Bo was not only talented in poetry, but also good at managing state affairs. Later, he assisted King Zhou Li in government affairs. However, King Li of Zhou was domineering and judged things in vain. The treacherous officials will use all kinds of flattery to please them. Fan Bo spoke frankly and enumerated the shortcomings of the government, but the treacherous ministers spoke ill of him in the ears of King Zhou Li. King Zhou Li was very tired of Fan Bo. From then on, treacherous ministers came in and out of the palace and ignored Fan Bo. Fan Bo was very angry and wrote a poem, which was later included in the Book of Songs. The poem criticized the treacherous minister and said: "He has done many evil things and is incurable!"

"Incorrigible" means that the illness is so serious that it cannot be saved with medicine. The latter is a metaphor for things being so bad that they cannot be saved.