Taking reading notes can not only improve the efficiency of reading books and articles, but also improve the ability of scientific research and writing. Through study and practice, students fully realize the role of library, which not only gains knowledge and exercises ability, but also stimulates students' desire to explore.
The easiest way to take reading notes is to "extract".
Abstraction means reading a book or an article, picking up some good sentences and paragraphs and copying them in a notebook or card.
The content of the extract should be determined according to your own needs. You can copy the teachings of leaders and tutors, the wise sayings of thinkers, writers and scientists, the brave words and proverbs of people and heroes, etc. For example:
There is no royal road to science, and only those who do not dread the fatiguing climb along steep mountain roads can hope to reach its glorious summit.
You can also extract the words you are interested in.
The main contents of reading notes:
Extract beautiful sentences, paragraphs and words.
Write your thoughts or reading experience, appreciate the content, discuss the theme, comment on the characters and evaluate the language.
Reading notes are generally divided into extracts, outlines, comments and random thoughts. The format and writing are not difficult, and reading in thought notes is a bit troublesome, but as long as you understand the relationship between arguments, arguments and arguments, you can easily win it, because the feeling of reading is just an argumentative paper. Many applied languages can only be used in future work practice, while reading notes belong to daily use and should be learned immediately.
Commonly used forms are:
Edit this paragraph 1. Reading notes are some important ideas, wonderful and incisive sentences, useful data and materials extracted from books or articles, with the purpose of accumulating various materials and preparing for scientific research, teaching, study and work. Can be extracted according to the original book or the original system; You can also extract important arguments and paragraphs; You can also extract important numbers.
Reading notes are to accurately copy sentences and paragraphs related to one's study, work and research according to the original text when reading. After extracting the original text, the source should be indicated, including the title, author, publishing unit, publication date, page number, etc. For reference and verification. Abstraction should be selective, and whether it is useful or not should be taken as the standard of abstraction. Excerpt notes can be divided into: (1) index reading notes index reading notes are notes that only record the title and source of the article. Such as book title, author, publication date, library. If it is a book, you should remember the book, chapters and sections. If it is a periodical, remember the issue number, and the newspaper should remember the year, month, day and page for future reference. For example, Zhuang Zhao: No matter who passed it on, Guangming Daily (2) copied the original notes and copied the original reading notes to copy the wonderful sentences and paragraphs related to their own study and research in books and periodicals as the original materials for future application. To extract the original text, write down the classification theme and indicate the source after the quotation.
Edit this paragraph 2. Commenting on reading notes Commenting on reading notes is not only an excerpt, but also my own views on the content and materials of reading materials, which naturally includes expressing the author's feelings. Comments sometimes give a general explanation of the main points of the excerpt.
The common method of annotating reading notes is head annotation. That is, mark important places in the book with a pen or mark them with comments and folding pages in the blank; You can also briefly record the arguments or main arguments of books and articles by outline method; You can also summarize the main points of the full text and write down the main contents; Reading the whole book or commenting on the gains and losses in full text is also a method.
There are the following types of comment notes: (1) Heading annotation is the easiest way to take notes in reading. That is, when reading a book, draw a symbol in the blank next to the word with a pen, or add a note in the blank, or make a note with folded pages and paper clips, and so on. This method of taking notes can not only deepen the understanding of the contents of the book, but also provide convenience for future search. (2) An outline describes the arguments and arguments of a book or an article in the form of an outline. The outline can briefly write the main contents according to the chapters and paragraphs of the original text. Outline reading notes can be written by combining the original sentence with your own language. (3) Abstract is different from outline. Outline is the main point of writing paragraph by paragraph, and summary is the main point of writing a comprehensive text. You can simply write the reading content in your own language. In addition to objectively describing the content of reading materials, it also has the nature of some comments
Another kind of abstract is a brief description of the content of an article or a book. (4) commenting on reading notes commenting on reading notes is to comment on the gains and losses or difficulties after reading the book. Such reading notes are called comment notes. For example, Lu Xun read a passage in Hui Hui magazine: Qing Yan Unlicensed Hui Hui Magazine: The West Lake has a stone carving of the word "Man Jiang Hong" by Yan Song and E Wang, which is very magnificent. Words are generous, books are thin and powerful, and at the end, the title is University Gai Hua. Later generations erased their names and changed the topic to Xia Yan. Although it is a pen, it is enough to punish rape.
Case: Yan Song's poems and Yue Fei's ci are like deeds, but later generations left a message to change their names, which seems to deceive themselves. Mr. Yan thought they could write and promise to punish the traitors, which was like ambiguity. Only 60 words, written in three states. (Lu Xun's Collected Works Bookstore Folded Collection (II)) (5) Supplementing the original reading notes is a supplement to the original book or article after reading it. It should be noted that the supplement to the original text is not dispensable, but should be extended or expanded around the central idea.
Edit paragraph 3. Experience reading notes. Experience reading notes, that is, after reading. It is your own understanding, feeling, experience and sentiment after reading a book or article. The commonly used methods are: reading notes, which is the product of the combination of notes and experience; Experience, also known as the feeling after reading. Write your reading experience, feelings and gains; It is also a good way to read books by combining opinions with opinions, putting forward your own opinions and recording them.
Learning to read notes is a kind of notes to write your own knowledge, feelings, experiences, feelings and gains after reading. It has the following types: (1) notes, which are written by combining the main points and experiences of notes during reading. The forms of these notes are flexible and varied. Can be long or short. (2) Experience notes are also called post-reading. Write down your experiences, feelings and gains after reading. These reading notes can be used to write the experience of reading, and also to write the development of some arguments in the original text or to put forward criticism and discussion opinions. Writing this kind of notes is generally based on your own language, and you can also quote the original text appropriately. (3) Comprehensive reading notes Comprehensive reading notes are notes that, after reading several books or articles on the same issue, seize the center to comment on their own opinions and put forward their own opinions.
The above three types of reading notes, no matter which type is adopted, are all for the service of study, work, scientific research and writing. When taking notes, you can use abstract style first, and then read more books. After comparison, you can write translation notes. As for the experience style, it goes further and belongs to the category of scientific research.
The editing forms of this reading note are various. The main forms are: 1) Notebooks in volumes. Notebooks can be used to copy original texts, write outlines, remember experiences and write summaries. The advantage is that it is easy to save, but the disadvantage is that it is inconvenient to classify, but it can be compiled separately according to categories. 2) Loose-leaf books can be used to take various notes. Easy to classify, save paper, for future reference. 3) Cards are easy to be sorted and sorted according to their purposes, easy to be transferred flexibly and save paper, but the space is small and the content should not be too long. 4) newspaper clippings cut out newspapers and useful materials. Long articles can be pasted on notebooks or loose-leaf books, and short materials can be pasted on cards. Newspaper clippings can be marked or posted in categories, and the source should be indicated for easy use. 5) Full-text copying of important reading materials. In order to maintain integrity, full-text copying can be classified and retained. 6) If the memory can be written down with your brain, you can make better use of the knowledge in your notes in your life. Why not? 7) When you encounter something that needs to be recited in bookmark reading, you can write it down on the bookmark, put it in the book, put it in your pocket or put it in a bag dedicated to bookmarks. Read it when you have time until you can't remember it, and then store it. Can help memory.
An example of editing this reading note Helen (the author) was a smart and lively girl when she was a child. She can speak some simple words in six months and walk after one year old. In a word, she is much more obedient and studious than the average child. However, the good times don't last long, and the happy time always ends prematurely. In a spring full of beautiful songs of robins and larks and full of flowers, after a high fever, Helen lost her hearing and sight, and then she could not speak. These three things are necessary and indispensable in life. If you lose these three things, for an ordinary person, it is equivalent to losing the fun of life. If you were Helen and you were given three days, what would you do? If I were her, I would not live. No amount of strength and drum power can illuminate my dark, cold and wet heart. There is only one thought in my heart: it is better to live like this than to die, so let's end it early.
However, Helen's practice is just the opposite of my idea. She spent 88 spring and autumn years in her life, but she survived 87 years of loneliness without light, silence and words. Moreover, it is this blind, deaf and dumb woman who graduated from Harvard University in the United States. What an amazing achievement. But after all, this amazing achievement is inseparable from her own efforts. Compared with her, it's a world of difference. I'm really ashamed!
Helen can create these miracles that ordinary people can't imagine because she has an indomitable and persistent heart. She accepted the challenge of life without hesitation, embraced a beautiful and vibrant world with her fiery heart and great love, and fought against difficulties with amazing perseverance. Finally, she overcame the challenge of life, opened her eyes, gained confidence and hope, and walked out of silence and darkness. Finally, she extended her loving hands to the whole world! Helen changed from a blind and deaf girl to a writer of world civilization. She experienced many ups and downs, but she never backed down, but went forward bravely, fearless in the face of difficulties, overcome difficulties and surmount them. A blind and deaf person can do it, not to mention that we are a person without defects. There is no reason why we can't do it! Some students feel inferior and say they are stupid. Everyone is equal. There is no genius or idiot. Genius and stupidity depend on whether this person has the determination and perseverance to learn, which is the most important thing. The road of life is bumpy, depending on whether you have the confidence and perseverance to step on it and step on the road to success step by step. Each of us is painting a picture of our own life. Only by working hard and constantly striving for self-improvement will our life be full of bright colors and our life picture will shine. Reading Childhood: This summer vacation, I read Gorky's autobiographical novel Childhood, which impressed me deeply. Maxim Gorky was born in a poor carpenter's family. During the brutal czar's rule, Gorky suffered a lot: he lost his father in childhood, but was abused by his grandfather. Everyone around him is so selfish, greedy and full of hatred. ...
Gorky's childhood was so miserable. Compared with him, I am much happier. I was born in a beautiful place surrounded by mountains and rivers. My parents take care of me in every possible way, my relatives are extremely kind to me, and my friends are naive and friendly to me, so that the happy notes always fall on my side. Playing in the bamboo forest, picking mushrooms on the mountain, catching crabs in the stream, chasing butterflies, smelling flowers and chasing grasshoppers, my childhood began like this. Stumbling behind my cousin and carrying a big basket to pick up wheat, the big basket always hits my heel. Two pigtails jumped up and down happily, and the white butterfly jumped up and down happily. Wan Li's blue sky and Wan Li are cloudless, and the breeze pulls the skirt. There are already more than half of the ears of wheat in the basket. The good times of childhood were spent in happy labor. I walked into a campus full of books and became a student. The whole day begins with the sound of reading The teacher taught us knowledge enthusiastically and the students discussed with each other. We are like saplings, nourished by spring breeze and rain, absorbing more and better knowledge and thriving. In this ocean of knowledge, I ended my happy childhood and began to mature. I live in a socialist country full of humanitarianism, where there is no flogging, beating, hatred, greed, rudeness, endless atrocities and scandals. People here are kind, innocent and optimistic, so my childhood is full of happiness and joy. After reading Hamlet, Shakespeare's Hamlet is a classic. On the surface, this book is not much different from historical legends. It tells the story of the Danish prince's revenge for his father, full of bloody violence and death. As the dramatist Horatio said: You can hear the result of rape and murder, abnormal repair, unconscious judgment, accidental slaughter, skillful murder and self-mutilation. The tortuous plot revolves around revenge.
Hamlet rushed back to China from wittenberg to attend his father's funeral. What he couldn't accept was that he missed his father's funeral, but witnessed the wedding of his mother and uncle Claudius, which made Hamlet suspicious. In addition, he met his father's dead soul on the terrace of the palace castle at night and complained about it. This atrocity was committed by Hamlet's uncle, who asked him to avenge his father. At this point, he began a difficult course of revenge and launched a life-and-death contest with Claudius. Finally, a sword of vengeance was given to Claudius. After reading The Count of Monte Cristo, I felt a complete love-hate relationship. The reward is thorough, and the revenge is thorough. This is my biggest feeling after reading The Revenge of Monte Cristo.
China has a saying that it is never too late to take revenge. Revenge also needs to preserve strength, and you can't act rashly with temporary emotions. The count of Monte Cristo explained this proverb with his own actions. After fourteen years in a dungeon, the essence of his life is to find his former relatives, benefactors and enemies. After identifying the person he was looking for, he didn't stab the benefactor through fire and water with his fist, as we saw in martial arts novels. He chose his own path. He tried his best to support the shipowners who had been kind to him, silently, in various ways, but never let them know that he actually came to repay the kindness. If his gratitude is touching, then his revenge is so incisive that we are a little shocked after several applause. Freud (1856-L939) is a famous psychiatrist in Austria and the founder of psychoanalysis. His works span half a century and have a wide and profound influence on literature, philosophy, theology, ethics, aesthetics, politics, sociology and public psychology. If the scope of influence is taken as a measure of greatness, then Freud is undoubtedly the greatest psychologist. Freud initiated another Copernican revolution in the history of human thought. He pointed out that people's unconsciousness is not controlled by consciousness, and people's subconscious contains huge psychological content. He used the most rational voice to talk about human irrationality. Interpretation of Dreams is Freud's pillar academic work. Through the study of dreams, we have greatly expanded the scope of human exploration of ourselves and had a far-reaching impact on our lives. After reading "Red and Black", what the writers show is, first of all, a typical window of the whole French society-the political structure of the small town of Villiers. Mayor Derine, who was born in nobility, was the highest representative of the Restoration Dynasty here, and regarded it as his bounden duty to safeguard the restoration regime and prevent bourgeois liberals from seizing power. Vanod, the director of the poor shelter, is an ordinary citizen. He got the lucrative job because he took refuge in the secret organization of the Catholic church, thus tying himself to the restoration regime. Masseron, the pastor of the replica church, is a spy sent by the church. Everyone's words and deeds are under his supervision. In this era when the throne and the altar support each other, he is a hot person. The tripartite politics formed by these three people reflected the situation that the restoration forces monopolized power in Villier. On the contrary, they are a large number of aggressive bourgeois liberals with strong economic strength. On the one hand, Stendhal described the autocracy of royalists, on the other hand, he made people draw the conclusion that the bourgeoisie with economic strength will be the final winner politically. Red and Black was written before the July Revolution in 1830, but Stendhal seems to have understood the inevitable trend of this historical movement.
As an excellent critical realism novel, Red and Black does not interpret the protagonist Julian as a symbol of pursuing utility from the concept. On the contrary, the author gave him deep sympathy and criticized the specific social reality of that era through people's persistent pursuit of desire and the pain they could not pursue, which is also the reason why Red and Black has been circulated to this day. [1] Comments on the Adventures of Fifteen Teenagers The Adventures of Fifteen Teenagers tells the tragedy caused by fifteen teenagers drifting to the middle of the Pacific Ocean because they had nothing to do in the summer vacation the night before they went on a boat trip. However, in the end, the teenagers overcame their difficulties and set foot on the road home. The fifteen teenagers in the book were not discouraged when they were shipwrecked, but stubbornly resisted and found a way out. This is very respectable and worth learning from all of us. ......
On the empty island, they didn't get any help, but fifteen teenagers United with each other, overcame difficulties together, scrimped and saved, and learned a lot of knowledge and common sense. With these skills, collective wisdom and courage, it is not easy for them to survive on a desert island! ! In order to survive, fifteen teenagers actively fought against nature, but also launched a life-and-death struggle with the villains. How can we not be moved by it? The indomitable spirit of teenagers and their friendship left a deep and warm impression on me, and also influenced me.
The vivid images of the characters in the text are also presented to our readers. You see: visionary Golden, kind-hearted Bulun, brave and strong Denoban, and super-capable Maoke ... The twists and turns of the story amazed us, and our hearts felt immersive with the ups and downs of the story, as if we had really gone to the island where fifteen teenagers lived for more than a year. ......
We should learn from the unity and friendship of teenagers! Although I know this is only a science fiction novel, this book has benefited us a lot and has become our favorite reading.
How to write reading notes when editing this paragraph? Reading notes refer to a style in which people write down things worth recording and their own experiences anytime and anywhere when reading books or articles. The ancients had a famous experience in reading, which told them to read with eyes, mouth, heart and hands. This "hand to hand" is a reading note. After reading an article or a book, you should write reading notes according to different situations. The commonly used forms are: (1) outline type to remember the main contents of the book. By writing an outline of the content, the main content and secondary content are clearly defined. (2) Abstraction is mainly used to accumulate vocabulary and sentences. You can extract beautiful words, wonderful sentences and paragraphs for later reading, reciting and using. (3) Imitation In order to apply what you have learned, you can imitate the wonderful sentences and paragraphs extracted and learn to use them. (4) The criticism style mainly comments on the characters and events in the reading materials to affirm their ideological and artistic value. It can be divided into title, main content and comments. (5) Experience In order to write down what you are most touched by, write down which books you have read, which contents in the books have the deepest influence on your education, and write down your feelings in connection with reality. That is, the feeling of being casual. (6) Questioning is mainly to record the difficult problems encountered in reading, write them down while reading, and then ask questions separately in the future to achieve the purpose of understanding. (7) Abbreviation In order to remember the outline of the story, after reading a long article, you can grasp the main content and abbreviate it into a short article.
The above forms can be mastered step by step.
How to edit this reading note is an applied style written by people to help them remember when reading.
Since ancient times, scholars in China have attached great importance to reading notes. Taking reading notes is not only an effective means to digest book knowledge, but also can accumulate useful materials, train the logic and organization of thinking, and improve the ability to analyze and solve problems.
Combining the reading notes written by predecessors, I want to say three ways to write them. One is called "Asking the Mystery of Hook", the other is called "Picking Flowers to Make Honey", and the other is called "Founding a Mountain to Cast Copper". Han Yu, a famous writer in the Tang Dynasty, said that when he wrote reading notes in Jin Xuejie, he said: "The recorder must mention his essentials, and the fabricator must hook up his mystery." He reads history books and records important events. He reads philosophy books and extracts the main points. Some of Han Yu's reading notes are still treasured in his library. There is an article "Reading". Here's a quote to see how he wrote his reading notes. Its contents are as follows:
There are nine articles in Guo Guanzi, whose words are mixed with Huang Lao's criminal names. The theories of "four records" and "five points" are appropriate in his Bo Xuan Pian. What a great merit it is to help others when they are in trouble and dedicate it to the country! As the saying goes, "it's useless to be born cheap, and a pot of gold is lost in the middle of the boat." I read his words and mourned them. There are five words in the correct thirty, three words in B, two words in the destroyed twenty and two words in Note Ten.
First, he declared how many books there were, and no one knew who the author was or where he came from. The author didn't write his name and native place because he couldn't find it. Secondly, point out what this book is about. This book belongs to the pre-Qin philosophers, who are classified into different categories, so some people pointed out that "his words are mixed with yellow and old criminal names." Huang Lao is a Taoist who talks about the theories of Huangdi and Laozi. The name of punishment is Legalism. It is pointed out that the content of this book is Taoism and Legalism. To point out the main points of this book, there is an article called Bo Xuan Pian, which puts forward the theory of "four records" and "five records". "Four Records" pointed out that from four aspects, the "Five Records" must meet five requirements, all for the sake of governing the country. Han Yu thinks his theory is very appropriate. If he is appointed by the monarch, governing the country in his way will have many effects. He also quoted the words in the book, saying that something was looked down upon because it was not used. For example, a big gourd is looked down upon by everyone. If the boat capsizes in the river, you can save your life with a big gourd. A big gourd is worth 1000 yuan at this time. Han Yu repeated these words, which caused sorrow. In the book, the big gourd is used to compare talents. Talents are abandoned, so they are looked down upon, and Han Yu is sad. Han Yu also corrected the mistakes in the book and changed 35 words. There are 3 words written backwards, 22 misspelled words, and 12 corrected words are marked next to them.
From this article, we can see how the abstract reading notes are written. Not just writing down the main points of a book. First, write down how many articles there are in this book and what the content is mainly about. Then write down what the main points are, and write your own views on these points, and write your own opinions. I also picked out the wonderful words, expressed my views, and finally mentioned correcting the mistakes in the book. From the perspective of "reading his words three times and lamenting them", the imaginary number of the word "three" means repeated reading. It can be seen that if Han Yu encounters wonderful words, he will not read them, but will read them repeatedly. This is a reading note of the abstract written by Han Yu. It does record the main points, but you should also write down your own views on these points, including expressing your feelings. It is also necessary to make a general explanation of the contents of the book. Then you should not only read a book, but also think after reading it, from the content of the book to the wonderful chapters to the wonderful words, until you don't let go of the typos in the book. From here, we can not only learn how to write abstract reading notes, but also learn how he reads. "Making honey by picking flowers" honey is made from the sweet solution of bees picking flowers, not a sweet solution of flowers, but a sweet solution of many flowers. Some reading notes are the author's point of view through comparative study after reading many books, such as bees making honey. Such reading notes are more exciting and different from the general view. Like Zhu's genre:
Yuan Ming's poems are said to be flat talks. According to some people, he is proud of it, but he is unrestrained. Its true colors are an article in Jing Ke Fu. How can a calm person say such a thing?
Gong Zizhen's Ji Hai Miscellaneous Poems;
Tao Qian is cool to Wolong Hao, and Xunyang pine chrysanthemum is high. Don't believe that the poet speaks simply, and Fu Liang is divided into two.
There are many forms of reading notes, and the notes mentioned above are one kind; There are two other kinds here, one is prose and the other is poetry. Only write your own opinions, use the style of prose, and don't write the number of topics and volumes. , mainly to write down their views on books, not to mention writing down the title, volume number, etc. In the form of poetry.
The above-mentioned passage by Zhu and this poem by Gong Zizhen are actually reflections on Tao Yuanming's poem, so they are also discussed as reading notes. "Poems in Yuan and Ming Dynasties, people speak Pinghua" means that he read what others said about Tao Yuanming and said that poems in Yuan and Ming Dynasties were Pinghua. "According to someone, he proudly let go." He read Yuan Ming's poems, which is different from others' views. He thinks that flat talk is superficial and bold at heart. He also read many bold poems. After comparison, he thinks that the boldness of Yuan and Ming's poems is different from others, and his poems are not revealed. There is also an exposed article "Ode to Jing Ke". His argument is that reading other people's poems about Yuanming should be tested by Yuanming's poems. Read other bold poems to compare with Yuan Ming's poems; Go get it. He not only saw superficial talk in Yuan Ming's poems, but also saw his boldness in the poem Ode to Jing Ke. Looking at other poems written by him, we can see that through superficial talk, he is bold in his bones, that is, Yuan Ming's character can be seen from his poems. This is like bees picking flowers to make honey, which is obtained through reading a lot of books and comparative research.
Gong Zizhen's poems mainly adopted Zhu's arguments, but added new ones: first, he compared Tao Yuanming's personality with Zhuge Liang's boldness; Second, he praised Yuan Ming's superb character; Thirdly, he compared his poems with Li Sao written by Liang and Qu Yuan. Here, Gong Zizhen not only read Tao Yuanming's poems, but also read the biographies of Tao Yuanming and Zhuge Liang to understand their personalities, and also read Zhuge Liang's Fu Liangyin. I also studied people with excellent personalities in history and wrote this poem after comparison. It is said that "Xunyang lived in an ancient high place" because Tao Yuanming is a Xunyang native and loves to live in a loose place. He said in "Gui Xi Ci" that he "lingered on lonely pines", and in "Drinking" that he "picked chrysanthemums under the east fence", and chrysanthemums and pine trees were used to symbolize noble character. Saying this sentence shows that he compared Tao Yuanming with previous dynasties. He also compared Qu Yuan's Li Sao with Tao Yuanming's poems, and saw that Tao Yuanming's boldness was closer to Zhuge Liang, and he had more elements. There is a certain distance from Qu Yuan, which accounts for less components. That's because Qu Yuan committed suicide by throwing himself into the river. Yuan Ming was less angry and more philosophical. He is also different from Zhuge Liang, because Yuan Ming is not as successful as Zhuge Liang. Whether his measurement is appropriate or not, in short, he has read a lot of books and obtained them through comparative research, just like picking flowers to make honey. The Record of the Day written by Gu in the early Qing Dynasty is a masterpiece of reading notes. In Book Ten with People, he talked about two kinds of books: one is to collect old money, which is called casting new money with scrap copper and iron, which is not only inferior but also destroys good old money. One is to mine copper and smelt copper. In the past year, his "Record of the Day" has been read early and read late, and has been searched repeatedly. There are only more than ten articles, but it is also a few copper coins in the mountains. Destroying old money to make new money probably refers to cutting and pasting old books into new books, cutting mountains and casting copper, and probably refers to discovering new problems and putting forward new opinions from many materials. If collecting flowers and making honey mainly refers to literary and artistic research, then cutting mountains and casting copper mainly refers to academic research. Here is the article "Zhengshi" in Rizhilu.
..... Where there is national subjugation, there is national subjugation. Debate between national subjugation and national subjugation? Day: I changed my surname to national subjugation. Benevolence is an obstacle. As for attracting animals to eat people, people will kill each other, which is called the death of the world. ..... protect the country, its monarch and ministers, and the carnivores seek it; Those who protect the world are mean to everyone. They are expensive. ……
The reading notes written in the Record of the Day are called "Founding a Mountain and Casting Copper", and many books are often quoted, from which a conclusion is drawn. If all the books cited are plagiarized, it will be too many and inappropriate, so we have to draw a conclusion. Yanwu drew this conclusion from many materials. When he said "national subjugation", he changed the dynasty, so it was only a matter of the monarch and ministers of that dynasty, and the official title of that dynasty should be considered. "Carnivores" refer to officials.