Economics is a science that studies various economic activities and corresponding economic relations of human society at various stages of development, and the laws of their implementation and development. Economic activities are activities that people carry out production, exchange, distribution, consumption and are closely related to them under the premise of certain economic relations. In economic activities, there is the problem of obtaining greater benefits with less consumption. Economic relations are the mutual relations formed by people in economic activities. Among all kinds of economic relations, production relations are the dominant one.
Economics studies how a society uses scarce resources to produce valuable goods and services and distribute them among different people. The Game Bible says: Economics is the concept of winning or losing and equilibrium in the public space. The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, the "father of economics", is the foundation work of modern economics. In Aristotle's time, the viewpoint was that politics, ethics and political economy were trinity. Amartya Sen, a Nobel Prize winner, thought in Ethics and Economics: "(Original) For a long time, economics was once considered as a branch of ethics. Many of Adam Smith's most famous thoughts are not novel and unique, but he first put forward a comprehensive and systematic economic theory, which laid a good foundation for the development of this field. Therefore, it can be said that The Wealth of Nations is the starting point of modern political economy research. " In the 1 years after The Wealth of Nations, the inevitability of cyclical economic crisis and the disadvantages of uneven distribution of social wealth and disparity between the rich and the poor gradually emerged behind the prosperity of liberal economy. Karl Marx, a German, thinks that the representative of a country's economy is its labor force, while the liberal capitalist economy aims at maximizing profits. Marx put forward the theories of "primitive accumulation of capitalism" and "surplus value" in Das Kapital published in 1867, arguing that the class contradiction in the development of capitalism is irreconcilable.
Economics (entrepreneur): According to the Game Bible, economics is the concept of winning or losing and balancing in the public space.
Scientific Outlook on Development's people-oriented concept is a contract of * * * development.
Scientific Outlook on Development's people-oriented concept entrusts people with their own behaviors according to the origin of biology, and connects them with skills and innovation to realize the desire of truth.
People-oriented means taking everyone as the subject of cultural value and the beginning of creating all things civilization. Everyone takes action to establish a game of two characteristics and create a third open space. The emotions aroused in the third open space will carry all kinds of strange ideas. As long as you try it yourself, you can have a result. The Game Bible said in the introduction: "Whether you want it or not, you will get an unprecedented part." Only by creating civilization with the desire of truth can it survive, and then it can be measured by science. No matter what the result is, it is a response to emotion, a compulsory creation of life, and can be regarded as a philosophical nature inherited from nature.
The Game Bible says: "Culture is to remove integrity and distinguish whether it is or not, so as to complete exploration, discovery and invention in the cultural process." Our behavior is like sowing seeds. Even if there is a high yield, there will be big and small, so we can't judge it with personal extreme emotions. People-oriented, no matter what it looks like, can not be ignored. We see a family, no matter how incompetent a young parent is in the eyes of outsiders, in the hearts of his young children, he is the commander-in-chief of the family and the whole sky on which his survival depends. People-oriented means showing kindness, love and humanity with human emotions, and establishing our own harmonious society.
Nature has designed some accidental events, which are distributed to all people in the form of opportunities and coincidences, so what everyone does is composed of good things and bad things. In fact, we do not create the world with the same model as nature. Nature creates the world with curves and structures, and human beings subjectively design and transform the world with right angles and arcs. That is to say, anyone creates civilization according to his own intention, with emotional behavior, with the structure of game, with the principle of physics, and with the creative form of changing one thing into another. People-oriented, as long as you do it, you will get something. Only by changing this thing into the creative form of that thing can we call it work and predict the result. In fact, human beings, together with the creatures on the earth, make use of the existing resources, and always follow the theme style of Scientific Outlook on Development, the nature, and take an unmarked road of innovation, which is constantly changing for the sake of human survival.
People learn and communicate all the time, and they choose between big and small, good and bad, and red and blue. People don't want to be fixed in the original two positions, but have been moving in the third empty space, looking for objects in the visible range to challenge, which is a fact that human beings have innovative characteristics.
Nature creates the occasional for people to appreciate,
Human beings create the universality for nature to sympathize with.
Accidental things in nature, whether good or bad, are flowers in nature, which are only for people to appreciate, remember and tell their own stories. Occasionally, it will arouse people's desire, let people extract the truth from it again, and finally determine it through the special trust in talk.an excellent course.
behavior is a tool of the spirit. Behavior is a kind of stratagem, the law of two characteristics of behavior endowed by nature, and also a reward mechanism to solve the core value of behavior. It involuntarily chooses the only game structure in nature. Therefore, the two-character game based on people-oriented has created the third open space, where desire finally turns into money, which may explain the meaning of game real economics. The Game Bible holds that: "Economics is the concept of winning or losing and equilibrium in the public space." From this point of view, all the innovation of desire is centered on the economy. When people understand the economic significance of behavior, they will find that behavior is like the currency that connects everything. It is precisely because behavior is a bridge like money that no one has weakened their faith in human behavior and money so far.
As the mother of epistemology, the future game entity will form Scientific Outlook on Development's methodology, and it will also be worshipped and spread in the society. People introduce Scientific Outlook on Development into this society as a survival strategy, which will satisfy people's desire. People-oriented is to intentionally stimulate people's motivation to play games in the future and achieve the goal of winning. There is a Scientific Outlook on Development in everyone's heart, which is the spiritual power to arouse desire. Everyone will make himself and the whole society prosper in an innovative way.
Scientific Outlook on Development has grafted Marx's revolutionary struggle thought and turned it into reform and opening up, which gives people the feeling of gentleness, dignity, friendliness and admiration. The people-oriented game structure between man and nature, man and society, and man and background has always attracted all people, working with innovative wisdom, and following the rational concept of science and development, allowing everyone to do their own things in all walks of life. As Scientific Outlook on Development's structural proposition, "one view and two theories" regards talk.an excellent course as the highest rationality of game behavior, and does not engage in egalitarianism or the balance of nature, and keeps creating more material civilization first. According to the desire for justice, the trust in justice and the respect for morality, human beings make overall distribution of some remaining achievements of civilization, and then continue to play peacefully according to substantive rules, which is the theory of win-win between justice and justice. In fact, the eternal feature of nature is so fair and just.
In an era of Scientific Outlook on Development, people-oriented will be the beginning of everything. This era is a contract signed with the people for a coevolutionary growth process. The emergence of people-oriented will make contemporary society reach a brand-new level, and accordingly there will be complexity. In order to realize their desires, avoid complicated entanglements and create a stable social environment, the whole people will have more security, more dependence, more information, more exchanges, more experience and more civilized achievements.
A theme of governing the country and more than one billion people urgently reach a huge development contract, which is an unprecedented opening of mankind.
—— Excerpted from Scientific Outlook on Development's Direction from Truth
What is the economic meaning of economics?
economy is the creation, transformation and realization of value; Human economic activities are activities that create, transform and realize value and meet the needs of human material and cultural life.
Economics is a theory that studies the laws of human economic activities, that is, the laws of value creation, transformation and realization-the laws of economic development. What is the meaning of economics? Is it the meaning of scarcity?
Economics is a science of choice, and it is a science of choosing the rational allocation of scarce resources. To understand this meaning, we should grasp the following aspects:
resources are scarce (compared with the infinity of people's desires), and scarcity determines the importance of effective use of resources.
Economics is a science of choice, that is, families, manufacturers, * * * and foreign-related departments all make choices with the goal of effective use of resources.
the purpose of vendor selection is to maximize profits.
The purpose of family choice is to maximize utility.
*** and the purpose of choosing foreign-related departments is to maximize social welfare. Does the meaning of political economy mean the combination of politics and economics?
Political economy is not the combination of politics and economics.
the essence of political economics is economics, but the production relations are the main research objects. Production relations are social and economic relations formed by people in the process of social production; It includes various economic relations in the process of production, distribution, exchange and consumption.
It can be understood that political economics studies economic issues under the political background, which is mainly reflected in the political background involved in production relations. Compared with the general natural economic disciplines, political economics has the characteristics of class (reflecting the interests of a certain class) and humanism (reflecting different national conditions). What is the meaning and significance of economics?
*** economics is also called Public Economics or Public Sector Economics. The so-called public * * * department refers to * * * and its appendages, and the behavior of the public * * * department embodies and represents the behavior of * * *. Although * * * participates in the national economy together with enterprises and families, their behaviors and purposes are different. * * * Economics is a science that specializes in the economic behavior of * * *, the economic relationship between * * * and the private sector, and the special regularity of * * * economic activities. "It is a knowledge that discusses the existence significance and behavior of * * * departments at all levels and public organizations (such as state-owned enterprises and institutions), and answers what * * * must do and how to do it."
*** Economics is a branch of economics in essence, but at the same time it is influenced and infiltrated by other non-economic disciplines such as politics, ethics and sociology. This section will briefly introduce the main theoretical viewpoints of microeconomics, macro-economics, welfare economics, political science and ethics, which have great influence on * * * economics, so as to outline the position of * * * economics in economics and even social sciences. The meaning of western economics
western economics refers to the normalization of political economy that came into being and prevailed in western countries, in a narrow sense, it refers to the normalization of western bourgeois political economy, and in a broad sense, it includes the normalization of Marxist political economy. Western economics and eastern economics are different economic normalization. Western economics is mainly a formalized concept, not just a regional concept. Neo-liberal economics, which has been popular in China since the reform and opening up, also belongs to western economics.
western economics is applied to the economics of western market economy countries, which is called "mainstream economics" at present. It is also called market economics because it pays special attention to the study of market mechanism. Marked by the publication of Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations in 1776, economics has experienced more than 2 years of ups and downs. In this long and short historical process, from Adam Smith, david ricardo, Say, Mill, Malthus, Marshall to Keynes, milton friedman, Samuelson, Lucas, Stiglitz, there are many economists. From classical economics and neoclassical economics to Keynesian economics, neoclassical macro-economics and neo-Keynesian economics, there are many schools of economics. A hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend, which brings constant innovation and development of economics, so that the literature is called "the empire of economics".