1. Usage of verb be

What I (I) use is that what you (you) use is with him (him), her (her) and it (it). Is is used for singular nouns and plural nouns. It is easier to be negative, and there is no not after be. Change the question, go to the premise, and don't throw away the question mark at the end of the sentence. One more thing to note, don't forget to capitalize the first sentence.

2.。 This, that and its usage

(1)this and that are demonstrative pronouns and it is personal pronouns.

(2) People or things close to the speaker use this, and people or things far from the speaker use that. For example:

This is a flower. This is a flower. (near)

That's a tree. That's a tree. (in the distance)

(3) put two things together, say this first, then say that. For example:

This is a pen. That's a pencil. This is a pen. That's a pencil.

When introducing someone to others, say this is … instead of that is … for example:

This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom.

This cannot be abbreviated, but it can be abbreviated. For example:

This is a bike. That's a car. This is a bike. That's a car.

(6) When making a phone call, introduce yourself to use this and ask the other person to use that. For example:

Hello! Is that Miss Green? Hello, is this Miss Green?

Yes, it is. Who's that? Yes, I am. Who are you?

Note: Although "I" and "you" are used in Chinese, never say "I am …, and you are …" when making a phone call in English? /Who are you?

(7) When answering questions with this or that as the subject, use this or that instead. For example:

Is this a notebook? Is this a notebook?

Yes, it is. Yes, it is.

②-What is that? What is that?

This is a kite. This is a kite.

Three. The usage of. These and those.

This, that, these and this are demonstrative pronouns, and these are plural forms of this, which refer to people or things that are close in time or distance or to be mentioned below; That is the plural form of that, which refers to time, distance or people or things mentioned before.

This is my bed. That's Lily's bed. This is my bed. That's Lily's bed.

These pictures are good. Those photos are very good.

Are those apple trees? Are those apple trees?

When answering questions whose subjects are them or these, they are usually used instead of them to avoid repetition. For example:

Are these/those your apples? Are these (those) your apples?

Yes, they are. Yes, they are.

Four. Indefinite articles a and an

A and an are indefinite articles, which mean one (one, one branch, one book, one piece ...), but they don't emphasize the concept of quantity, but emphasize the category to limit nouns. A is used before singular nouns at the beginning of consonants, such as a pencil and a book; An is used before nouns that start with vowels, such as eraser. If there is a modifier before a noun, whether to use a or an, the first phoneme of the modifier determines whether to use a or an. For example:

A clock an old clock an old clock a book an English book.

A beautiful apple, a lovely apple, an apple, an apple.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) possessive case of noun+

The possessive case of noun+

Add it directly after the singular noun.

Jim's coat Jim's coat Jeff's mother Jeff's mother

Plural nouns ending in s have only "'"

Teacher's Day Teacher's Day Twin's Book Twin's Book

Irregular plural nouns that don't end in s, add "'s"

Children's Day Men's Shoes Men's Shoes

When they are all owned, only add them after the last noun.

When they are owned separately, add after each noun.

Lucy and lily's mother Lucy and lily's mother (* * * half-brother)

Lucy and Kate's Room Lucy and Kate's Room (independent room, two rooms)

6.。 Sentence pattern

(1)There be sentence pattern is mainly used to mean "there is someone (something) somewhere (at a certain time)". Its basic structure is "there is be ++ something (someone)+somewhere (at a certain time)", and there are leading words here, which are meaningless; The subject after be is a noun, and be is a predicate verb. In the simple present tense, be only uses two forms: is and are. The following song formulas can help you memorize sentence structures skillfully:

There be placed at the beginning of a sentence, followed by the subject. Put the end of the sentence in place and time, and emphasize the front. For example:

There is a book on the desk.

Sometimes prepositional phrases can also be placed at the beginning of a sentence in order to emphasize the place. For example:

There is a book on the desk.

(2) How to determine the be verb in the 2)There be sentence pattern? Please look at this song:

There are three Be verbs, am, is and are. "be" is really special, leaving only two am, that is, IS and are. Whether to use is or are depends on whether the noun behind it is singular or plural. Use is to indicate singular or uncountable nouns, otherwise use are. For example:

There is a tree behind the house.

There is some water in the bottle.

There are some pears in the box.

(3) Note: If the subject after "be" is two or more nouns connected by "and", then the form of "be" should follow the principle that "distant relatives are not as close as neighbors". In other words, the form of "be" is determined by the noun closest to it. If the noun is singular or uncountable, use yes; if it is plural, use yes. For example:

There is a book and some pens on the floor.

There are some pens and a book on the floor.

Seven. The usage of this word. like

Like is used as a transitive verb and translated as "like".

(1) is followed by a noun or pronoun, indicating that you like someone or something. For example:

I like this baby very much. I like this child very much.

(2) followed by a gerund (v. -ing), which means "like to do something" and focuses on habits and hobbies. For example:

Tom likes playing football. Tom likes playing football.

(3) followed by infinitive (to do), which means "like to do something occasionally" and focuses on a specific behavior. For example:

I like reading, but I want to watch TV tonight. I like reading, but I want to watch TV tonight.

Eight. Simple present tense

The simple present tense indicates a regular habitual action, or indicates the present characteristics and state. When the subject is non-third person singular, the simple present tense of the action verb (see the table below). For example:

sentence pattern

structure

example sentence

affirmative sentence

Subject+action verb prototype+others

We speak Chinese.

negative sentence

Subject +t+ action verb prototype+others

We don't speak Chinese.

General problem

Do+ subject+action verb prototype+others?

Can you speak Chinese?

Affirmative admission

Negative answer

Yes, subject +do

No, subject ++ don't.

Yes, we do.

No, we didn't.

When the subject is singular in the third person, the sentence pattern of the simple present tense of the action verb changes as follows:

(1) The affirmative sentence is followed by the prototype of the action verb +s/es (formed in the same way as the singular noun becomes plural).

(2) Negative sentences use the auxiliary verb not+ verb prototype.

(3) In general interrogative sentences, the auxiliary verb does is placed at the beginning of the sentence, followed by the original verb, and the answer must be "Yes, subject +does." ; Negative sentences use "no, subject+no."

sentence pattern

structure

example sentence

affirmative sentence

Subject+action verb s/es+ others

She speaks Chinese.

negative sentence

Subject++bu++action verb prototype+others

She can't speak Chinese.

General problem

++Subject+Action Verb Prototype+Other?

Can she speak Chinese?

Affirmative admission

Negative answer

Yes, subject ++ has.

No, subject ++ doesn't.

Yes, she does.

No, she didn't.

9. When a sentence changes from singular to plural, we should pay attention to the following five elements.

(1) The nominative personal pronoun should become the corresponding plural nominative personal pronoun, that is, I → we, you → you, she, he, it → them. For example:

She is a girl. They are girls.

②am, is should be changed to are. For example:

I am a student. We are students.

(3) The indefinite articles A and an should be deleted. For example:

He is a boy. They are boys.

(4) Ordinary singular nouns should be changed to plural forms. For example:

This is an apple. They are apples.

The demonstrative pronouns this and that should be changed to these and these. For example:

This is a box. These are boxes.

X. Representation of dates in English

In English, the names of month and week are proper nouns. Their initials must be capitalized, and there is no need to use an article before them.

Dates are expressed in English, in the order of month+day+year, and dates and years should be separated by commas. For example: 2 August 2003 (2 August 2003). It can also be expressed by day+month+year. For example:10 May 2003 (May 10 2003) Usage of prepositions before English date: If it refers to which year or month, use the preposition in; if it refers to a specific day, use the preposition on.

She was born in 1989.

She was born in August.

③ She was born in August 1989.

④ She was born on August 2nd. 1989.

XI。 Plural nouns:

In English, nouns can be divided into countable nouns and uncountable nouns, which have neither singular nor plural, so they are only used as singular words. Countable nouns can be divided into singular and plural. A or an, such as pencil, basketball, dictionary, egg and ID card, should be used in front of one, and the plural, that is, two or more, should be changed accordingly, as follows:

(1) Special words and special changes need to be recorded separately:

Children → children, men → men, feet → feet, women → women.

Teeth → teeth, sheep → sheep, deer → deer.

(2) Add "s" directly after singular words for ordinary words;

Book → book, pen → pen, car → car, map → map, cartoon → cartoon.

(3) words ending in s, x, sh and ch+es

Box → box, watch → watch

(4) Nouns ending in consonant +y are changed from "Y" to "I" and then to "es"

Family → Family, Comedy → Comedy

(5) For words ending in F or fe, first remove F or fe, change it to "V" and then add es.

Knife → knife, wife → wife, handkerchief → handkerchief.

Twelve. Expression of time

(1) direct reading, that is, direct reading of time figures.

7: 05 75 8: 16 86

(2) The up-and-down formula, that is, what time is a few minutes shorter and what time is a few minutes shorter. (Divided by 30)

1:25 1: 25 2: 30 2: 30

3: 43 17 to 4: 00, 4: 38, 22 to 5: 00.

(3) 12 hour system

Six in the morning, six in the morning, eight twenty in the evening, eight twenty in the evening.

(4)24-hour working system

13:00 13 at 22:15 at 22: 0015.

(5) Quarterly availability 15 points.

4: 15, 5: 45 and 6: 45.

(6) at is usually used before time.

7: 30 p.m. 5: 00 p.m.

Thirteen. A question about time.

(1) When to ask questions, "When" can be a long time period or a short time point.

When is your birthday? When is your birthday?

My birthday is1February 29th. My birthday is 65438+February 29th.

This is the time period of the day.

When will you go home? When will you go home?

I go home at half past four in the afternoon. I go home at half past four in the afternoon.

When asked about the specific time.

(2) When do we usually ask specific questions?

What time is it now? What time is it now? Or what time is it? What time is it now?

Chapter 9, section 26. It's nine twenty-six.

What time is it by your watch? What time is it by your watch?

It's 8: 36. Oh, 50 minutes late.

What time do you get up? When do you get up?

I get up at six in the morning. I get up at six in the morning.

Fourteen Usage of want

Want to do something?

They want to join the sports club They want to join the sports club

(2) The third person singular is the subject, and want should be changed.

He wants to play basketball.

Li Xia wants to play the piano.

(3) The auxiliary verb do or does should be used to change interrogative sentences and negative sentences.

Do you want to play football? -Yes, I know. /No, I don't know.

②-Does he want to go home by bus? -Yes, he does. No, he didn't.