Pinyin: quán shén guàn Zhu

Grammar: subject-predicate type; As predicate, attribute and adverbial; It also means praise.

Meaning: concentrate on one point. Describe a high concentration.

Chinese name

be absorbed in

spell

multifarious difficulties and hardships

syntactical functions and morphological features that help to determine a part of speech

commendatory sense

Easy

Concentrate on one thing. Describe a high concentration.

1 example

He pointed to the pattern embedded in the ball and told Iraq with ecstasy. (Ye Shengtao's Yi He He He) [1]

Text:

First: (People's Education Edition) Primary School Chinese textbook for the fourth grade-Lesson 26: Concentration.

be absorbed in

Rodin, a great French sculptor, invited Austrian writer Stefan Zweig to his home. After dinner, Rodin took this with him.

Concentrate (1 1)

A close friend visited his studio. When he walked towards a newly completed statue, Rodin uncovered the wet cloth covering it, revealing a dignified female image. Zweig could not help applauding. He congratulated Rodin on the birth of another masterpiece. Rodin studied himself for a while, but frowned and said, "Ah! No, there is something wrong ... my left shoulder is a little off, my face ... sorry, please wait a moment. " He immediately picked up the spatula and modified it.

Zweig stood aside quietly for fear of disturbing the sculptor's work. I saw Rodin walking forward for a while, then retreating, muttering in his mouth, as if whispering to someone; Suddenly, there was a strange light in his eyes, and he seemed to be arguing fiercely with someone. He creaked on the floor and kept waving his hands ... a quarter of an hour passed, and half an hour passed. Rodin became more and more energetic and excited. He was drunk and spilled all over the floor, and the whole world seemed to disappear to him-after about an hour, Rodin stopped, smiled at the female image, sighed lightly, and put the wet cloth on the statue again.

Zweig saw that Rodin had finished his work and went to talk to him. Rodin went out and locked the door behind him.

Zweig was puzzled and quickly stopped Rodin: "Hey! Dear friend, what's the matter with you? I am still in the house! " Rodin suddenly remembered his guest. He opened the door and said apologetically to Zweig, "Ouch! Look at me. I almost forgot about you. Sorry, please don't take it amiss. "

Ge Wei is deeply touched by this matter. He later recalled: "I learned more in Rodin's studio that afternoon than I did in school for many years." Because from then on, I knew that all the work of human beings should be absorbed as long as it is worth doing and done well. "

Second: (Su Jiao Edition) The second volume of the Chinese textbook for Senior Two-Lesson 9 ("Man's nobility lies in his soul"): concentration.

Man's nobility lies in his soul.

Pascal, a French thinker, famously said, "Man is a thinking reed." What he means is that human life is as fragile as a reed, and anything in the universe can kill people. However, even so, people are still much more noble than anything in the universe, because people have a soul that can think. Of course, we can't and shouldn't deny the necessity of physical life, but the nobility of human beings lies in the soul life. As a physical person, there is no distinction between high and low. Only as a soul, because of the great differences in the inner world, talents can be divided into noble and mediocre, even noble and despicable.

More than two thousand years ago, the Roman army invaded a city in Greece. They found an old man squatting on the beach, absorbed in studying a figure. He is Archimedes, the most famous physicist in ancient times. He soon died by the sword of Roman soldiers. When the sword came at him, he just said, "Don't step on my circle!" " "In his view, the man he painted on the ground is more precious than his life. Earlier, Alexander the Great, who conquered Eurasia, visited another city in Greece. When he met Diogenes, a philosopher lying on the ground in the sun, he asked him, "What can I do for you?" The answer is: "Don't block my sunshine!" In his view, in the face of his meditation in the sun, Alexander the Great's brilliant exploits seem insignificant. These two short stories, which have been handed down through the ages, show that outstanding people in ancient Greece cherish the soul life. They love ideas more than anything, including their own lives, and regard soul life as more noble than anything external, including prominent power.

Cherish the inner spiritual wealth more than the outer material wealth, which is the common feature of all Tessa through the ages. Wilde, an English writer, traveled to America. When he entered the country, the customs officer asked him what he had to declare. He replied, "Nothing but my talent." What makes him proud is that he has nothing of value, but he has artistic talent that cannot be measured by money. It is this proud writer who tells us in one of his works: "Nothing is more precious than the human soul, and nothing can compare with it."

In fact, it is unnecessary to give these famous examples. We might as well pay a little attention to the surrounding phenomena. I often find that even the slightest sign of a humble soul's life will shine a very touching light in a mediocre background.

On one occasion, I go on road trip. The train is speeding, the carriage is noisy, and the passengers are chatting, playing cards and eating snacks. A teenage girl hid in the corner of the carriage, absorbed in reading. She was so absorbed in reading that she wrote something in her notebook from time to time, as if she didn't hear the noise around her at all. Looking at her as if bathed in bright and quiet silhouette, I was filled with emotion and remembered my boyhood. At that time, I was just like her. No matter how messy I am, as long as I pick up a good book, I will forget everything. Now I am a writer myself, and I have published several books, but I envy this girl who is immersed in reading and cherishes the memory of her youth with the same innocent pursuit that has gradually passed away.

Whenever an exhibition of the world famous paintings is held in Beijing, many unknown young painters scrimp and save, pay for themselves, and come to the capital from all over the country to linger in front of famous paintings. I stand in the exhibition hall and look at these young faces that I am full of longing, and my heart will be filled with emotion. I said to myself, having pure pursuit of youth is indeed the best years of life.

As time goes by, I can't help thinking of the girl on the train and the young people in the exhibition hall, wondering what they are like now. According to my observation, most people are full of ideals when they are young, and they tend to become more and more practical as they grow older. Due to the pressure of struggle for existence and the temptation of material interests, everyone turned their eyes and energy to the outside world and no longer paid attention to their inner world. As a result, the soul is shrinking and empty, leaving only a busy body in the world. There is nothing sadder than this for a person. I secretly wish that they still maintain their pure pursuit and have not embarked on this sad road.

Third: (People's Education Edition) Junior High School Textbook-Lesson 15 "Talking about Reading" Bacon: Concentrate.

Talking about Reading is a book written by Francis Bacon, a British philosopher, writer and scientist (1561-1626). In addition, Zhu Guangqian also wrote works of the same name.

1. Talking about reading

Translated by Wang Zuoliang

Reading is enough to make people happy, enrich colors and make people grow. When you are isolated from the world alone, its happiness is also the most obvious; Its welfare lottery is also the most common talk; Its talents are also the most common in judging things in life. Sophisticated people can handle the details individually or distinguish them one by one, but they must be thirsty for knowledge and thoughtful about the overall planning. Too much reading time is easy to be lazy, and there are too many literary talents and decorations. Judging things completely according to the provisions is a pedant's state. Reading makes up for the deficiency of nature, and experience makes up for the deficiency of reading. Natural talent is like natural flowers and plants. After reading it, you will know how to trim and transplant. As the book shows, if you don't imitate experience, it will be too big and useless. Cunning people despise reading, ignorant people admire reading, and only smart people use reading. However, the book does not tell people its usefulness. The wisdom of using books is not in the book, but outside the book, all by observation.

When reading, don't deliberately question the author, don't believe everything in the book, don't look for chapters and sentences, but think carefully. Some books can be tasted, some can be swallowed, and a few need to be chewed and digested. In other words, some people only need to read part of it, some people just need to dabble in it, and a few people have to read it all. When reading, they must be absorbed and tireless. You can also ask someone to help you read this book, but only if the subject matter is inferior or the value is not high, otherwise the refining of the book classics is like the distillation of water and the taste is like chewing wax. Reading makes a full man, discussion makes a witty man and writing makes an accurate man. Therefore, people who don't write often must have a strong memory, people who don't discuss often must be born smart, and people who don't read often must deceive the world. Only when they have skills can they be ignorant and obvious.

Reading makes people wise, reading poems makes people witty, mathematics makes people ponder, science makes people deep, ethics makes people grave, and the study of logic and rhetoric makes people eloquent: whatever you learn, it becomes a character. A person's mental retardation can be alleviated by proper books, just as all diseases of the body can be eliminated by proper exercise. Rolling ball is good for testis and kidney, archery is good for chest and lungs, walking is good for stomach, riding is good for brain, and so on. If the intelligence is not concentrated, mathematics can be read and calculus must be absorbed. If it is slightly scattered, it must be repeated; If you can't tell the difference, you can read the scholasticism, covering this generation of picky people; If you are not good at seeking common ground while reserving differences and trying to prove one thing to another, you can look at the lawyer's file. In this way, whenever there is a defect in the brain, there is a specific medicine that can be cured.

2. "Talking about reading"

—— Zhu Guangqian

1 books can't be finished, and it's useless after reading them. Many books are not worth reading. Reading more than one worthless book will lose the time and energy to read a valuable book; Therefore, we must choose carefully. Naturally, you won't choose it yourself. You must teach it to critics and specialized scholars. I can't tell you the books you have to read, I can tell you the books you don't have to read. When I say books that don't need to be read, I mean books that aren't worth reading a second time. When you walk into a library, although you see thousands of paper books, I'm afraid it's still hard to call them ten books. You should only read these ten-and-hundred-volume books. In these books, you can not only get more accurate knowledge, but also absorb the spirit and methods of scholars. These books can shake your mind and stimulate your thinking. Other books, such as literature outline, science outline, book reviews in magazines and newspapers, are really not available to you. It is better to read a national style or 19 ancient poems than to read thousands of poems. Instead of reading thousands of books on Greek philosophy, we should read Plato's Republic.

You may ask me what books we middle school students should read. This question is difficult to answer. You probably remember that Beijing Daily Supplement asked for "ten books that teenagers must read". As a result, some people quoted ten kinds of geometric algebra, while others quoted ten kinds of historical records and Han books. Originally, the original intention of this collection was to ask one person's standard to become everyone's standard. It seems that I only like noodles, but you can't eat rice. This is a completely wrong view. Everyone has different talents, interests, environments and occupations. How can you decide ten books like a panacea to make countless young people in the world have the same interest and produce the same effect?

I went to investigate several British public libraries. The most popular books in their youth reading department can be divided into four categories: (1) adventure novels and travel notes, (2) myths and fables, (3) biological stories, (4) biographies of celebrities and patriotic novels. Among them, the masterpiece is Youer? Verne's Around the World in Eighty Days and Two Wan Li under the Sea, Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, Dumas' The Three Musketeers, Hawthorne's Poké mon and Hawthorne's Tanglewood Tales, and Kingsley (1998- 1999 Fabres: Fabres's Tales of Birds and Kid, Andersen's Fairy Tales, Soder's Nelson's Soul, Bandung: The Story of Humanity, etc. Although these books are very popular abroad, they are not suitable for young people in China. Most students in China are relatively young and mature, so they are willing to talk about some theories from middle school. They-including you and me-are not only happy to talk about literature, but also study social problems and even philosophical problems. This is a natural tendency, so we can't ignore it. My personal opinion might as well be discussed with you. Education after the age of fifteen or sixteen focuses on developing comprehension, while education before the age of fifteen or sixteen focuses on developing imagination. Therefore, junior high school students should read more fictional words, and senior high school students should read words containing theories.

So far, I haven't answered the question of what kind of books I should read. To tell the truth, I have no ability to answer. I haven't read many "young people must read" books myself, and I have been reading some books in my prime. For example, China's books, I am most pleased with Shuo Wen Jie Zi, Shi Shuo Xin Yu, Tao Yuanming's Collection, Li Taibai's Collection, Huajian Collection and Selected Poems of Zhang Huiyan. Among foreign books, I like the poems of Hitchcock (Keats), Shelley, Coleridge and Bai Langning best, the seven tragedies of Sophie Crixus (Sophocles), Shakespeare's Hamlet, King Lear and otero, Goethe's Faust and Ibsen's plays best. If I had been asked by Beijing Daily Supplement, I might have put this antique foreign goods on the table and compiled "Ten Books Young People Must Read". But I know it's ridiculous. So I dare not answer the question of what books you should read now. You should consult with the experts you know and ask them to specify three or two books for young people to read within their own study scope. If you let a person do everything for you, for example, he is a liberal arts student, he may know that young people must study, which should include social problems, scientific knowledge and so on. But he is not sure about it. We'll just make up one or two things he knows, and you're like asking for directions. At the same time, you should know that reading is like exploring, and you can't rely entirely on the guidance of others. You have to spend some time looking for it yourself. I've never heard of anyone who became a scholar by reading "Ten Must-read Books for Young People" or "One Hundred Famous Books in the World". Others can only introduce, choose to see yourself.

I can't say much about reading methods. I just need to mention two points briefly here: First, all books worth reading must be read at least twice. The first quick reading focuses on awakening the theme and characteristics of the whole article. Read slowly for the second time and critically measure the content of the book. Second, after reading a book, you must write down a wonderful outline and your own opinions. Taking notes can help you remember and force you to be careful. Everyone has different natural habits, which method you use is more effective, and which method I use is more effective, so we can't generalize. You will find your own way eventually, and others can never give you a way to cook according to law.

More than ten years ago, I wrote a short article about reading, which was really endless. Over the years, my views have changed a little. Now I'll talk about this problem again and make a little supplement to what I said last time about learning.

Learning is not just reading, reading is an important way of learning. Because learning is not only a personal matter, but also a matter for all mankind. Every question of science at this stage is the accumulated achievement of all human efforts, and this achievement has not been submerged, but has been handed down through books. Books are the treasure house of human spiritual heritage in the past, and they can also be said to be milestones in the track of human culture and academic progress. We must make progress in cultural studies at this stage on the basis of the past achievements of mankind. If we obliterate the past achievements of mankind, we may have to move the starting point back to hundreds or even thousands of years ago. Even if we can move forward, we will still go backwards. Reading is to settle the general ledger of human achievements in the past, relive thousands of years of human thoughts and experiences in just a few decades, and concentrate the hard-won knowledge and lessons of millions of people in the past on the readers. With this preparation, one can always travel long distances in learning and see a new world.

The more history advances, the richer the spiritual heritage of mankind, and the more books there are, the more difficult it is to study. Books are valuable, but they are also a burden and will become an obstacle to learning. It has at least two disadvantages. First, how easy it is for books to make readers not specialize. Because of the scarcity of books, the ancient scholars in China could only be cured after years of poverty. Although they don't read much, reading one book and chewing thoroughly become a spiritual motivation that will last for life. Books are easy to get now, and a young scholar can boast that he has read thousands of books. Although he has read many books, he seldom pays attention to them. For example, the more indigestible things accumulate, the more likely it is to cause gastrointestinal diseases. Many superficial and arrogant habits are formed by eating and eating. Secondly, how easily books make readers lose their way. Books of any kind of knowledge can now fill a library, but there are often only dozens or even a few basic books that are really absolutely necessary to read. Many beginners are insatiable and idle, wasting their time and energy on unimportant books, which will inevitably delay the basic books; For example, although philosophers have read countless kinds of philosophical history and introduction, they have not read Plato's dialogues, and economists have read countless kinds of textbooks, but they have not read Adam Smith's The Original Rich. Learning is like fighting a war. You must attack and occupy the fortress. There are too many targets, and Jane Rui's position is buried. A punch in the east and a kick in the west became a "war of attrition."

There is not much reading, and the most important thing is to choose carefully and read thoroughly. Instead of reading ten unimportant books, it is better to read a book that is really worth reading with the time and energy of reading ten books; It is better to read all ten books than to read one book intensively for ten times. "A good book is never tired of reading, and a child knows himself after reading it carefully." These two poems are worth talking about as the motto of every reader. Reading is for your own use. Reading more is not an honor, and reading less is not a shame. If you don't read it thoroughly, you will definitely develop the habit of deliberation, swim well, and even change your temperament; Reading more books without asking for much knowledge is like riding ten miles of foreign exchange. Although it is full of treasures, it just makes people feel confused and return empty-handed. Many people in the world read books just for window dressing. For example, upstarts show off their furniture, and the more they have, the more expensive they are. This is academic self-deception and low taste in life.

10 The books you read should be divided into two categories, one is to acquire the necessary common sense of citizens in today's world, and the other is to do specialized knowledge. In order to gain common sense, middle school and junior college courses are enough if you study hard at present. The so-called serious study and familiar reading of handouts are useless. You should choose three or five important books for each subject and play them carefully. There are only a dozen general courses, and there are three or five books for each elective reading, and the total reading volume is only about 50. This is not an excessive request. The average reader has read more than this number of books, and they can't benefit from it, because they have no choice but to skim it when reading.

1 1 Common sense is not only necessary for citizens in today's world, but also for specialized scholars. Modern science has a close division of labor, and many people who ask scientific questions stand still, using specialization as an excuse and not asking other related knowledge. This may be necessary for the study of division of labor, but it is a sacrifice for further research. The universe is an organism, in which events are closely related to each other, and one leads to the other, so all kinds of knowledge about events can be separated on the surface, but they can't be cut off in practice. There is absolutely no isolated learning in the world. Political science, for example, inevitably involves history, economy, law, philosophy, psychology and even diplomacy and military affairs. If a person is not interested in these related knowledge, he must specialize in political science from the beginning, and the further he goes, the more difficult it becomes. For example, if a mouse gets into a corner, the narrower he gets, the less he can find a way out. The same is true of other studies. If you can't pass, you can't specialize. If you can't learn, you can't make an appointment. Learn first and then keep your promise, which is the only procedure to cure any learning. We only look at the academic history. Anyone who has made great achievements in a certain scientific issue must have a deep and extensive foundation in many other scientific issues. At present, the general young students in our country like to talk about majors so much that many professional scholars have no common sense about very basic subjects. This trend may be caused by gentlemen doing doctoral thesis in foreign universities. It affects the curriculum of our university, and many unreasonable subjects are not necessarily available in foreign university research institutes. It's like forcing a sucking child to chew a bone. Isn't it a mistake?

12 Some people study for their own interests. When I came across an interesting book today, I put aside what I had planned to do and went all out to read it. I will do the same when I meet another interesting book tomorrow, although the two books are completely unrelated in nature. You can study astronomy from time to time, bees from time to time and Shakespeare from time to time. Ignore all books that others think are important but they are not interested. This kind of reading is like guerrilla warfare, and it is like bees gathering honey. Its advantage is to make reading a pleasure, deepen the works on a whim, and cultivate an extraordinary idea and mind over time. Its disadvantages are that it is full of homeless readers, lacking the "academic" systematic training necessary for special research, leading to abnormal development, paying too much attention to one aspect of knowledge and knowing nothing about the other. Some of my friends specialize in reading little-known books. Although he has made achievements in literature, he is not a special scholar. If a person has the time and energy to allow him to live a hedonistic life, and does not regard reading as a job but just a pastime, this kind of honey reading method can be adopted. But if a person has the desire to realize a kind of learning, he can't help but have a predetermined plan and system. For him, reading is not only the pursuit of interest, but also a kind of training and preparation. Some interesting books should be sacrificed, and some books that are dry at first glance should be chewed hard. After a long time, he can naturally chew the taste.

13 reading must have a center to maintain interest, or themes, or questions. When taking the subject as the center, it is necessary to select the key books of the subject and read them from beginning to end, so as to have a general understanding of the subject and prepare for further in-depth research. Reading literary works with the author as the center and reading historical works with the times as the center also belong to this category. When we pay attention to the problem, we should first have a problem to study in our mind, and then read books on this problem, with the intention of collecting materials and opinions of various scholars on this issue in order to weigh and draw conclusions. You still have to read all the important books, and you can read a chapter here and a section there for the rest. If you get the materials you want to collect, you can miss. This method is commonly used by researchers and is not suitable for beginners. But beginners can still take a slightly problem-centered approach when focusing on subjects. Read a book several times and pay attention to only one aspect at a time. Su Dongpo and Wang once talked about this method:

14 "Young readers, read each book several times. When there are all kinds of department stores in the crowd, people can't take all their energy at the same time, but they can get what they want. Therefore, I hope that scholars will make a request every time, such as seeking the role of sages in the ups and downs of ancient and modern times, only making this request, not giving birth to Yu Nian; Don't do a deed, cultural relics or anything like that, that's all. He imitated this. If you succeed in your studies, you will be attacked on all sides, which is different from those who admire dabbling. "

15 Zhu Xi tried to persuade his master to adopt this method. It is a key to intensive reading and can form the habit of careful analysis. Take reading novels as an example. The first time, only the story structure is sought, the second time, the description of characters is paid attention to, and the third time, only the interpenetration of characters and stories is sought, so that dialogue, rhetoric, social background, attitude towards life and so on can be studied one after another.

16 reading should have a center, and it is easy to be organized with a center. For example, if you look at the history books, suppose that the focus is on the relationship between education and politics. All the historical facts about this issue in the whole book are linked by this center and form a system of their own. After reading other books, such as classics, I often encounter facts and theories about the relationship between politics and religion, and they naturally return to the system formed when I read history books. Multiple system centers can exist in a person's mind at the same time. For example, a dictionary has many "radicals". Every time a new knowledge is acquired, it will be merged into a system with similar properties according to the principle of birds of a feather flock together. Just like adding new words to a dictionary, all the words next to people belong to the department of people, and all the words next to water belong to the department of water. A little knowledge is not only easy to forget, but also useless. Every time new knowledge is acquired, it must be connected with old knowledge, that is, it must be gathered into a system around a center to take root and blossom.

17 has memory limit. In fact, it is often impossible to put all the original branches and leaves in the brain to store the knowledge system formed by the books you have read. If you can't save it, you will forget it once, so reading is not reading. We must open a storage room outside the brain and move all the inexhaustible things stored in the brain there. This kind of storage room used to be notes, but now it is cards. Taking notes and making cards, just like botanists collecting specimens, must be classified and catalogued. Once one is collected, it will be classified into a certain category. After a long time, although there are many things collected, each has its own class and order. This is a very scientific method, which can not only save brain power and store useful materials for future needs, but also enhance the systematization and systematization of thinking. Those who are ready to do research work should work hard as early as possible to take notes and make cards.

Make sentences:

★ There are three shifts day and night, and everyone sticks to the console.

★ We should do everything well ~ ~, go all out and bring the vitality of life to the extreme.

When working and studying, adults can spend ~ ~ ~ hours without being distracted by external things. This is because they have developed and become accustomed to casual attention in the training of daily life.

He is absorbed in carving wood.

Two allusions

Qian Zhongshu's Fortress Besieged: "People are too busy to concentrate on one person without interruption."

Ye Shengtao's Yihe: "He pointed to the pattern embedded in the ball and told Yi with rapt attention and ecstasy."

Stefan Zweig: Because from then on, I knew that all human work, if worthwhile and well done, should be absorbed. "

3 discrimination

Synonyms: concentration, concentration, concentration, meticulous, single-minded, single-minded. ......

Antonym: casual, absent-minded, absent-minded, half-hearted, absent-minded, upset. ......

Proverb: an injection won't distract you-concentrate.

Hope to adopt ~!