As we all know, Thomas Edison was a great inventor. He obtained 1093 invention patents in his life, which is the largest number of individual patents since the implementation of the patent system. His famous saying "Genius is 99% diligence and 1% inspiration" has become the motto to inspire people to work hard. It can be said that Edison's contribution has greatly changed human life. Among his many inventions, Edison thought the electric light was the most important, but his favorite was the phonograph. The following is the process of the invention of electric light: the light is a great invention of human beings to conquer the night. /kloc-Before the 0/9th century, oil lamps and candles were widely used for lighting. Before the electric light appeared, kerosene lamps or gas lamps were widely used as lighting tools. Although this broke through the night, it still failed to completely liberate mankind from the restrictions of the night. Only with the birth of the generator can we light up the world with all kinds of electric lights, turn night into day, expand the scope of human activities, win more time and create wealth for society.
How did Edison invent the light bulb?
As early as 182 1, British scientists David and Faraday invented an electric lamp called an arc lamp. This kind of electric lamp uses carbon rod as filament, although it can emit light, but the light is dazzling and its life is short.
So Edison began to experiment with filament materials. With great perseverance and patience, Edison experimented with 1600 materials and used carbon strips, platinum wires, ruthenium, chromium and other metals as filaments, all of which ended in failure. Edison didn't flinch in the face of failure and some people's cynicism. After 13 months' efforts, Edison tried more than 6,000 kinds of materials and more than 7,000 times. Finally, he found that cotton thread could be used as a filament and burned it for 45 hours. This is the first electric lamp with practical value. This day-1879101October 2 1 day was designated as the electric light invention day. After further experiments, Edison found that bamboo filaments are very effective and durable, and the light bulb can be lit for 1200 hours. From then on, electric lights began to enter the homes of ordinary people.
Later, people have been using this kind of light bulb with bamboo filaments. After decades, it was improved, that is, tungsten wire was used as the filament, and inert gas nitrogen or argon was filled into the bulb.
In this way, the life of the light bulb is prolonged a lot. This is the kind of light bulb we use now.
Why did Edison invent the electric light?
If you agree to the seventh and sixth floors. Who invented the electric light is still under debate. Edison did not invent the electric light, but it is a historical necessity to improve the electric light, invent the electric light and improve the electric light.
Why did Edison invent the electric light?
The first practical incandescent lamp developed with platinum wire has been quite successful, but its price is too expensive after all. He is determined to make a better electric light. The experimental coil is always transported from the glass blower in Philadelphia, which wastes a lot of time and inevitably breaks halfway, which makes him very angry. Later, he simply hired a young man named Ludwig Bohm to make "Glass Ding Bao" for him. One night, Edison stayed late in the laboratory. He absently rolled a piece of compressed bituminous coal in his hand. He seems to be imagining something, unconsciously rubbing the bituminous coal in his hand into thin lines. It suddenly occurred to him that this might make a better electric light. He cut a short piece of cotton yarn around him, put it in the furnace for about 1 hour, then put it in the glass bubble, evacuate the air, and then turn on the current. The fragile cotton thread immediately shines brightly. However, the carbon wire could not bear the full voltage of the battery and soon burned out. He examined the broken thread under the microscope and found that the carbonized cotton thread became extremely hard. So he stepped up his efforts. He abandoned the method of using cotton thread, tried to use thin strips of wood, and then used straw, gauze paper, thread, Manila hemp rope, horse hair, fishing line, chestnuts, hard rubber, cork, rattan, corn fiber, and even human beard and hair as filaments. When Edison was studying telegraphy at Port Huron station, Mackenzie, the stationmaster, enthusiastically taught him code. After Edison established the Institute, he was specially invited to work in the Institute. By this time, Mackenzie was old, and actually there was not much he could do. Edison hired him just to repay his friendship and let him hang a leisure post to support his old age. Mackenzie is Scottish, with red-brown hair and a beard. One day, Edison was thinking hard about filament materials when he suddenly saw Mackenzie's red beard and his eyes lit up. He asked Mackenzie if he could borrow something to do the electric light experiment. Edison cheerfully selected a few thick beards, carbonized them first, and then put them into a light bulb for experiments. At this time, he designed a new pumping device, and the vacuum degree of the light bulb was obviously improved. Unfortunately, the experimental results show that using beard as filament is still unsuccessful. Mackenzie found Edison, patted his chest and said, "Try my hair again!" " "Edison said that the essence of hair and beard is the same and has not been adopted. However, Mackenzie's dedication is touching. Edison tried nearly 1600 kinds of materials, but all failed. From 10 to 16, after five days of exploration, a final breakthrough appeared. This time Edison used cotton thread again. He made it into various arcs and then put it in a closed metal box to carbonize for several hours. A few hours later, the metal box was taken out, and when it was opened, the cotton thread had become a charcoal thread. At this time, "Basli carefully took this treasure and walked to the light bulb blowing workshop, while I was like a guard escorting priceless treasures. "(Edison) Until the fourth day, he finally took out a complete carbon filament, successfully put it into a glass bulb and connected it to the power supply. Sure enough, the filament glowed. However, such an electric light only turned on for a while, and then the carbon filament burned out. Although the carbon filament lamp is only on for a short time, it brings hope for the research of electric lamp. The newspaper published the news. Unexpectedly, Edison suffered many slanders and attacks for this. At that time, gas lamps were mostly used for lighting. The bosses of those gas companies are afraid that the appearance of electric light will cause them great economic losses, so they are desperately opposed to the research work of electric light. They tried their best to convince people that Edison was a big liar who was good at boasting. Some orthodox scientists also laughed it off, thinking that young Edison was dreaming, did not believe that his research was successful, and thought that small electric lights could not be made. Other electric light researchers also criticized Edison for stealing their research results. Someone laughed at him and said, "No matter how many electric lights Edison has, as long as one of them lasts more than 20 minutes, I will pay 100 dollars, as much as possible." In this regard, Edison's answer is to continue the experiment with firm confidence. Some people also said, "Even if it is made, people can't afford it." Edison replied firmly, "When electric lights became popular, only luxury people could afford candles. Edison was determined to invent an electric lamp with small size, high brightness and long life, which can be turned on and off at will. After many experiments, failures and re-experiments, one evening, Edison and his assistants successfully put the carbon wire into the light bulb. A virtue ......
How did Edison invent the electric light?
As early as 182 1, British scientists David and Faraday invented an electric lamp called an arc lamp. This kind of electric lamp uses carbon rod as filament, although it can emit light, but the light is dazzling and its life is short.
So Edison began to experiment with filament materials. With great perseverance and patience, Edison experimented with 1600 materials and used carbon strips, platinum wires, ruthenium, chromium and other metals as filaments, all of which ended in failure. Edison didn't flinch in the face of failure and some people's cynicism. After 13 months' efforts, Edison tried more than 6,000 kinds of materials and more than 7,000 times. Finally, he found that cotton floaters can be used as filament, which takes 45 hours to burn out. This is the first electric lamp with practical value. This day-1879101October 2 1 day was designated as the electric light invention day. After further experiments, Edison found that bamboo filaments are very effective and durable, and the light bulb can be lit for 1200 hours. From then on, electric lights began to enter the homes of ordinary people.
Later, people have been using this kind of light bulb with bamboo filaments. After decades, it was improved, that is, tungsten wire was used as the filament, and inert gas nitrogen or argon was filled into the bulb.
In this way, the life of the light bulb is prolonged a lot. This is the kind of light bulb we use now.
Why did Edison invent the light bulb
Edison began to reform the arc lamp experiment in 1877, and proposed to divide the current and change the arc lamp into white light. The experiment should reach a satisfactory level. It is necessary to find a substance that can burn to white heat as a filament, and can withstand high-temperature combustion of more than 2000 degrees 1000 hours. At the same time, the usage should be simple, can withstand the impact of daily use, and the price should be low. It is also necessary to turn on and off one lamp without affecting the turn-off of any other lamp and maintain the relative independence of each lamp. This was a very bold idea at that time, which required great efforts to explore and experiment. As for the materials used for silk, Edison first experimented with carbonized materials, and then experimented with platinum-iridium alloy with high melting point. He also made 1600 different experiments on fine ores and seedlings, and the results failed. But at this time, he and his assistants have made great progress, knowing that incandescent filament must be sealed in a highly vacuum glass ball and not easily dissolved. In this way, his experiment returned to carbon wire. He used it day and night, until the first half of 1880, Edison's incandescent lamp experiment was still inconclusive. One day, he tore a bamboo filament tied to the edge of a banana fan in the laboratory into filaments and devoted all his energy to carbonization. Only the carbonation experiments of plants have reached more than 6000 kinds. It's been three years since his experiment notebook has more than 200 books and more than 40,000 pages. He works eighteen or nine hours a day. At three or four o'clock every morning, he only sleeps under the experimental table with two or three books on his head. Sometimes he sleeps on the stool three or four times a day for only half an hour at a time.
How Edison invented the electric light.
Edison was a famous American inventor. He studied hard all his life, was good at thinking and worked hard. At the age of 75, he still signs in for work in the laboratory on time every day. For decades, he worked almost ten hours a day and read books in his study for three to five hours at night. If the average person's life activity time is used to calculate, his life span has doubled. So, on his 79th birthday, Edison proudly told people that I was 135 years old. He lived to be 84 years old and made 1 100 inventions in his life, among which the greatest contribution was to invent the phonograph and the automatic telegraph, and to experiment and improve the incandescent lamp and telephone. Edison began to study electric light in his early twenties, which lasted for 10 years. He chose thousands of different substances, such as bamboo wool, graphite, tantalum and so on. As a filament material for experiments, this is well known. Once he and his assistants worked for five days and five nights in a row. 1879 Edison made incandescent filament with carbon filament and lit it for 40 hours. Because the surface of carbon wire is porous and fragile, its strength is very low. It was soon replaced by tungsten wire. 1883, Edison discovered the phenomenon of thermionic emission, also known as "Edison effect", that is, some electrons or ions near the metal surface gained enough kinetic energy due to the irregular movement caused by high temperature, overcame the constraints of the surface and escaped from the metal. Edison effect is very important to the work of all vacuum tubes. As the emission surface, the cathode is usually coated with a layer of alkaline earth metal oxide to promote electron emission, and the high temperature is maintained by current heating. 1900, Edison invented the iron-nickel battery, which is an alkaline battery with an electromotive force of about 1.3 ~ 1.4 volts. It has a long life, but its efficiency is not high. Edison had many inventions in his life, but when someone asked him why he succeeded, he said: Some people think that I have some talents, which is not correct. Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety percent inspiration.