1. An ancient article about studying.

"Encouragement to Study" The gentleman said: Studying cannot be done anymore.

Green is derived from blue, and green is from blue; ice is derived from water, and is cold from water. The wood is straight and the rope is in the middle, and the róu is like a wheel, and its bend is regular.

Although there is (yòu) violence (pù), those who no longer stand up are the ones who make it happen. Therefore, when wood is supported by a rope, it will be straight, and when metal is sharpened, it will be beneficial. A gentleman who is knowledgeable and examines himself day by day will know how to act without making mistakes.

Therefore, if you don’t climb a high mountain, you don’t know how high the sky is; if you don’t go to a deep stream, you don’t know how deep the earth is; if you don’t listen to the last words of the past kings, you don’t know how great knowledge is. The sons of Qian, Yue, Yi, and raccoon dogs are all born with the same voice. They grow up and have different customs. They are taught to do so.

The poem says: "Sigh, you gentleman, there is no eternal rest. Jing*** your position, it is good and upright.

God listens to it and introduces it. Er Jingfu. "God is better than the Tao, and blessings are better than the absence of disasters.

It is not as good as me to learn what I have learned in just a moment if I think about it all day long; it is not as good as to gain broad insights by climbing high. When you climb high and move, your arms are not lengthened, but you can see far away; when you call along the wind, your sound is not faster, but you can hear it clearly.

A fake horse will not be able to run a thousand miles, but it will be able to travel thousands of miles; a fake boat will not be able to swim, but it will stop the river. A gentleman's birth (xìng) is not different, he is good at pretending to things.

There is a bird in the south, called the Mongolian dove. It uses its feathers as a nest, braiding them with its hair and tying them with reeds. When the wind blows, the eggs break and the eggs die. The nest is not endless, but it is tied to it.

There is a tree in the west, called Shegan, with a stem four inches long. It grows on a high mountain, near the abyss of a hundred ren. The fluffy hemp grows upright without support; the white sand grows black in the nirvana.

The root of the orchid locust tree is Zhi, and when it gradually becomes xiǔ, gentlemen will not approach it and common people will not accept it. Its quality is not unattractive, but it is so gradually.

Therefore, a gentleman must choose a hometown when he lives, and must find scholars when traveling, so he should guard against evil and stay close to the right. The origin of things must have a beginning.

When honor and disgrace come, they must be like their virtues. Insects appear in the rotting meat, and beetles appear in the dead fish (dù).

If you neglect yourself and forget yourself, you will cause disaster. Strength takes its own pillars, softness takes its own bundles.

The evil and filth in the body are caused by resentment. If the firewood is applied in one layer, the fire will be dry; if the flat ground is in one layer, the water will be wet.

Plants and trees grow everywhere, birds and animals flock together, and everything follows its kind. When the nature is stretched, the bows and arrows reach far; when the trees are lush, the axes reach far; when the trees form shade, the birds rest.

Acid, and gnats gather Yan. Therefore, words can bring disaster, and actions can bring disgrace. A gentleman should be careful about where he stands! The accumulation of soil creates a mountain, and wind and rain stir up it; the accumulation of water forms a abyss, and dragons emerge; the accumulation of good deeds becomes virtue, and the gods are contented with themselves, and the holy heart is prepared.

Therefore, if you don’t accumulate steps, you can’t reach a thousand miles; if you don’t accumulate small streams, you can’t reach a river or sea. A horse can't take ten steps with one leap; a horse can ride ten times without giving up its merits.

If you persevere, the rotten wood will not be broken; if you persevere, the metal and stone can be carved. Earthworms don't have sharp claws and teeth, nor strong muscles and bones. They eat earth and drink from the underworld. They have the same intention.

A crab with six knees and two pincers is not a snake and eel that has nothing to rely on in its cave, so it is a sign of impatience. Therefore, those who have no deep ambitions will not have clear enlightenment; those who have no shameful things will not have great achievements.

Traveling on the road (qú) Those who follow the road will not come, and those who serve the two kings will not tolerate it. The eyes cannot see both ways and the ears cannot hear both ways.

The tan snake has no legs and can fly, and the mole rat has five skills but is exhausted. "Poetry" says: "The corpse dove is in the mulberry, and its son is seven.

A gentleman's manners are one. His manners are one, and his heart is like a knot!" Therefore, a gentleman is tied to one.

In the past, when the gourd played the harp, Liuyu came out to listen; when Boya played the harp, the six horses raised their heads. Therefore, even if the sound is not small, it will not be heard, and if the action is not hidden, it will not be visible.

The jade is in the mountains and the grass is moist; the abyss produces pearls but the cliffs are not withered. Do good deeds without accumulating evil? Is there anyone who doesn’t hear this? Is this the beginning of learning evil? The end of evil? Said: The number begins with chanting sutras and ends with reading rituals; the meaning begins with becoming a scholar and ends with becoming a saint. If you really accumulate strength for a long time, you will enter, and you will stop learning until you are almost gone.

Therefore, learning numbers has an end, and if it is true, it cannot be abandoned even for a moment. To do it is a human being; to leave it is a beast.

The old book is the discipline of political affairs; the poem is the end of the sound; the ritual is the division of the law and the discipline of the class. Therefore, learning only ends with etiquette.

This is the ultimate morality. The respect of etiquette and writing, the harmony of music, the breadth of poetry and calligraphy, and the subtleties of spring and autumn are all in between heaven and earth.

The learning of a gentleman enters the ears, sticks to the heart, spreads throughout the four bodies, and takes the form of movement and stillness. To put it simply, creeping and moving can be the law.

The learning of a villain enters the ears and leaves the mouth; between the mouth and the ears, four inches of ears are enough to beautify a seven-foot body! Scholars in ancient times were for themselves, but scholars today are for others. A gentleman's education is for the sake of beautifying his body; a villain's education is for the purpose of beautifying his body.

Therefore, if you tell someone without asking, you are proud, and if you ask one question and tell someone else, you are embarrassed. Proud, not, 囋, not; a gentleman is like a ringer.

If you don’t learn from others, you will get close to them. The rituals, music and laws are not mentioned, the poems and books are not specific, and the Spring and Autumn Festival is not fast.

If you follow the principles of a gentleman, you will respect them and spread them throughout the world. Therefore, it is said: If you don't learn, don't approach others.

Learning the classics quickly is the best way to treat people well, and Taung Li is the second best.

The person above cannot be kind to him, and the person below cannot be courteous. Ante will learn from miscellaneous knowledge, and just follow the poems and books.

In the last days and in the poor years, one cannot help but be a crude scholar. The original king was benevolent and righteous, and his meridian and latitude were straightened out.

If you pull out the fur collar and pause with five fingers, there will be countless people who obey. If you don't follow the rules of etiquette and use poems and books to do it, it's just like measuring a river with a finger, pounding millet with a spear, or using a conical dining pot.

Therefore, if you follow the rituals clearly, you are a Dharma scholar; if you do not follow the rituals, although you are observing and debating, you are a Confucian scholar. If you ask for help, don't complain; if you ask for help, don't ask; if you ask for help, don't listen.

Don’t argue with those who are ambitious. Therefore, you must arrive at the path and then pick it up; if it is not the path, avoid it.

Therefore, courtesy and respect can then be related to the direction of the speech; smooth diction can be related to the principle of the speech; color can be followed, and then it can be related to the speech. Therefore, if you can't talk about it, it's called pride; if you can talk about it but don't say it, it's called hiding; if you don't look at your complexion, it's called blindness.

Therefore, a gentleman is not arrogant, does not hide, and is not blind, but obeys his own rules. The poem says: "The bandit makes peace with the bandit, which is given by the emperor."

"This is what it means." Missing one out of a hundred shots is not good at shooting; missing a step a thousand miles away is not good at controlling; being inconsistent with ethics and benevolence and righteousness is not good at learning.

Those who learn something must stick to it. As soon as they come out and enter, they are the people in Tuxiang. There are few good people and many bad people. They are Jie, Zhou and thieves. If they are all eliminated, then they will be scholars.

A gentleman knows that incompleteness and purity are not enough to be beautiful, so he should recite it several times to understand it, think about it to understand it, deal with it for others, and maintain it to eliminate its harm. Make your eyes have no desire to see anything that is not right, make your mouth have no desire to speak anything that is not right, and make your heart have no desire to think about anything that is not right.

When it comes to good things, the five colors that are good to the eyes, the five sounds that are good to the ears, the five tastes that are good to the mouth, and the good mind are all over the world. Therefore, power cannot be dumped, the masses cannot be moved, and the world cannot be shaken.

Life depends on this, and death depends on it. This is called moral conduct. Moral ethics can then be determined, and if one can be determined, then one can respond.

Being able to calm down and respond is called an adult. The sky sees its brightness, the earth sees its light, and a gentleman values ??all of it. 2. Classical Chinese essays on learning

Original text

Ancient scholars must have teachers. A teacher is the one who preaches the truth, receives karma and resolves doubts. People are not born with knowledge, how can they be free from confusion? If you are confused and do not follow the teacher, it is confusion, and you will never be able to understand it. Those who were born before me, they heard the Tao before me, and I learned from them; those who were born after me, they heard the Tao before me, and I learned from them. My teacher, do you know who was born to me one year or another? Therefore, there is neither high nor low, neither long nor short. Where the Tao exists, the teacher exists.

Sigh! It’s been a long time since teachers’ teachings were passed on! It’s hard to be clear of confusion! The ancient saints were also far away from others, and they still asked if they were teachers. Today's people are also far away from the saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. Therefore, the saint will benefit the saint, and the fool will benefit the fool. Is this why saints are saints and fools are fools? If you love your son, you will choose a teacher and teach him; if you are concerned about your son, you will be ashamed of the teacher and confused. The boy's teacher teaches the readers the book and then learns its sentences. He is not what I call someone who teaches him the way and solves his confusion. I don't know how to read a sentence, I don't understand it when I'm confused, maybe it's a teacher's fault, or maybe it's not a good idea. I haven't seen the clarity from elementary school. A man of witchcraft, medicine, music, and craftsmanship, he is not ashamed to be a physiognomist. The clan of scholar-bureaucrats would gather together and laugh at those who said "master" or "disciple". When asked, he said: "He is similar to that year, and the way is similar. A low position is shameful, and a high official is close to flattery." Woohoo! It can be seen that the teacher's way is no longer restored. Gentlemen despise a man who is a man of witchcraft, medicine, music and craftsmanship, but now his wisdom is beyond his reach. How strange that is!

The sage is the teacher of impermanence. Confucius studied under Tanzi, Changhong, Xiang and Laodan. The disciples of Tanzi were not as wise as Confucius. Confucius said: "When three people are walking together, there must be my teacher." Therefore, the disciple does not have to be inferior to the teacher, and the teacher does not have to be better than the disciple. There is a priority in learning the Tao, and there is a specialization in the art, that's all.

Zi Pan, a seventeen-year-old son of the Li family, was good at ancient Chinese prose and had a thorough knowledge of all the classics and biographies of the six arts. Yu Jiaqi was able to practice the ancient way and wrote "Shi Shuo" to teach him.

Translation

People who studied in ancient times must have teachers. Teachers are used to teach principles, teach students, and answer difficult questions. People are not born knowing the truth. Who can be without doubts? If you have doubts and don't learn from the teacher, the difficult problems will never be solved. People born before me, if they understand truth before me, I will follow them and worship them as teachers; people born after me, if they understand truth before me, I will follow them and worship them as teachers. . I learned principles from him, who cares whether he is older or younger than me? Therefore, no matter high or low, no matter old or young, where the Tao exists is where the teacher is.

Alas! The ancient custom of learning from a teacher has not been spread for a long time. It is difficult for people to have no doubts! In ancient times, saints were far ahead of ordinary people, and they still had to follow teachers for advice (he, Yan is a pronoun); today's ordinary people, whose intelligence is far below that of saints, are ashamed to learn from teachers. Therefore, the sage becomes more sage and the fool becomes more ignorant. The reason why saints become saints and the reasons why fools become fools are probably all due to this reason, right? Love your child and choose a teacher to teach him. But for him, he considers it shameful to follow the teacher. This is puzzling! Those children's teachers teach them to read and learn the words and sentences in the books. They are not the teachers I call teaching principles and answering difficult questions.

If you don’t know how to read a sentence, you have to ask the teacher. If you have doubts that cannot be solved, you don’t want to ask the teacher. You want to learn small things, but give up on big things. I didn't see his understanding. Witch doctors, musicians, and various craftsmen are not ashamed to learn from each other. When people like scholar-bureaucrats heard him being called "teacher" or "disciple", they gathered together to laugh at him. Asked them (why they laughed), they said: "He is about the same age as him and knows the same principles. It is shameful to take someone with a low status as a teacher; to take someone with a high official position as a teacher is considered to be close to flattery." Why! This shows how difficult it is to recover from seeking a teacher! Witch doctors, musicians, and various craftsmen are people whom gentlemen look down upon, but now their wisdom is inferior to these people. How strange it is!

Sages do not have fixed teachers. Confucius once had Tanzi, Changhong, Shixiang and Laodan as his teachers. People like Tan Zi were not as capable as Confucius. Confucius said: "If there are several people walking together, there must be someone among them who can be my teacher." Therefore, students are not necessarily inferior to teachers, and teachers are not necessarily more capable than students. There is a morning and a night for accepting the truth, and each has its own specialized study in knowledge and skills, that's all.

The son of the Li family is named Pan, he is seventeen years old, he likes ancient Chinese literature, and has studied the scriptures and biographies of the Six Arts. He is not ashamed of the worldly restrictions of being a teacher, and learns from me. I admired him for being able to practice the ancient ways and wrote "The Master's Statement" as a gift to him. 3. What are the classical Chinese sentences about "learning"

1. "Life is hard work, nothing can be gained without asking for anything"

From: "Ying Xian" by Zhang Heng of the Eastern Han Dynasty

Definition: People have to work hard throughout their lives. If they don’t actively explore and study, how can they gain or achieve anything?

2. "The work is accomplished by hard work but neglected by play, the success is achieved by thinking and destroyed by following"

From: "Encouraging Learning and Interpretation" by Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty

Interpretation: Only hard work can lead to success in studies. You need to think more when doing things and don't do things casually.

3. “If you don’t learn to know yourself, don’t ask and know yourself, you will behave in ancient and modern times, which is unprecedented.”

From: Wang Chong is criticizing Meng Ke’s “conscience” and “good ability” "What he said.

Definition: If you don’t study, you will understand by yourself. If you don’t ask others, you will understand. This is not the case in ancient and modern times.

4. "Without learning, one cannot develop talents; without ambition, one cannot achieve learning."

From: "Book of Commandments" by Zhuge Liang of the Three Kingdoms

Interpretation: If you don't study hard, you can't increase your intelligence, and if you don't have determination, you can't achieve academic success.

5. "Smart and eager to learn, not ashamed to ask questions."

From: "The Analects of Confucius Gongye Chang" Spring and Autumn Confucius

Definition: Talented, intelligent and eager to learn, Do not be ashamed to ask for advice from those who are lower in status than yourself and less knowledgeable than yourself.

Min: smart; good: preference.

6. "With perseverance, gold and stone can be carved."

From: "Encouraging Learning" by Xun Kuang of the Warring States Period

Interpretation: As long as you persist in using it, Knife carving can carve floral decorations even on metal and jade. The extension is: As long as you work hard unremittingly, you can do even the most difficult things.

7. "Life has its limits, and knowledge (wisdom) has no limits."

From: "Zhuangzi. Health Preserver"

Interpretation: Life is limited Yes, but knowledge is infinite (no boundaries), and pursuing infinite knowledge with a limited life is bound to fail.

8. "A rope is used to cut wood, and water drops penetrate a stone."

From: "Helin Jade Dew" Song Luo Sutra

Interpretation: A rope is used to cut wood. The rope can be used as a saw and can also cut wood. Although the metaphor is small, as long as you persist, things will succeed.

9. "Learning without thinking means nothing; thinking without learning means peril."

From: "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Zheng" Spring and Autumn Confucius

Interpretation : Just studying without thinking will lead to confusion and gaining nothing; just thinking without learning will lead to mental fatigue and gaining nothing.

10. "Never tire of learning, never tire of teaching."

From: "The Analects of Confucius·Shuer" Spring and Autumn Confucius

Definition: Never be satisfied with your own learning, teach Others never tire.

11. "Learning and then not knowing enough."

From: "Book of Rites·Xue Ji"

Interpretation: Only by learning first can you know what you know. lack.

12. "There is no end to learning."

From: "Wen Shuo" by Liu Kai of the Qing Dynasty

Interpretation: There is no end to learning. Inspire people to forge ahead. 4. Classical Chinese essays about hard work

1. Pre-Qin Mencius "Born in sorrow, died in happiness": Therefore, when heaven is about to assign a great responsibility to a man, he must first strain his mind, strain his muscles and bones, and starve his body. The skin is empty, the body is empty, and the actions are messing up what it does, so tempting the mind and forbearance has benefited what it couldn't.

Definition: Therefore, when God wants to place a heavy responsibility on someone, he must first make his mind distressed and his muscles and bones tired, making him hungry and his body empty and weak, making every action he takes Unsatisfactory, this will stimulate his will, make his temperament persevering, and increase the abilities he does not possess.

2. Pre-Qin Xunzi's "Encouragement to Learning": If you persevere, the rotten wood will not break; if you persevere, the metal and stone can be carved.

Definition: (If) it stops after carving a few times, (then) the rotten wood will continue to carve. (If) you keep carving, (then) you can carve gold and stone successfully.

3. Qing Dynasty Wei Yuan's "Hai Guo Tu Zhi": learn from the barbarians and develop skills to control the barbarians.

Definition: Seeking ways to resist bullying and strengthen a country by learning advanced Western military technology. Later, it referred to learning advanced Western technology to resist the West.

4. "Poetry to Encourage Learning" by Yan Zhenqing of the Tang Dynasty: The lights are on at three o'clock and the chickens are on at five o'clock, which is when men are studying.

From midnight every day until the rooster crows, it is the best time for boys to study. In their youth, they must know how to study hard and study diligently.

5. Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty's "Jinxuejie": The work is accomplished by hard work, and the idleness is caused by play; the success is achieved by thinking, and the destruction is caused by following.

Definition: Studying is accomplished through hard work, but it can be wasted in games. Things are successful because of repeated thinking, but they can be destroyed by randomness without thinking.