(1868~ 1936) A proletarian writer in the former Soviet Union and the founder of socialist realistic literature. He was poor, and his father died young. He lived in the community as a stevedore and a bakery worker at the age of1/kloc-0. Slums and docks became his "community" university classrooms. He shared the same fate with the working people and personally experienced the exploitation and oppression of capitalism. This kind of thinking and creation has a great influence on his development.

Gorky assiduously taught himself cultural knowledge, and actively participated in the revolution, exploring ways to transform reality. 1892 published his first novel "News Chu Chandra" and made it to the literary world. His early works complicated the two styles of realism and romanticism, which was an inevitable stage before he formed the proletarian world outlook. Romantic works, such as Newchu Chandra, Inejillo (1895) and Song of the Eagle (1895), praise the love of freedom, create a strong personality for light and heroes, and show the passion for fighting; Realistic works, such as Zilchashen, The Own Man and Kono CERD, describe the life and sufferings of the nobles and express their indignation and protest. Most of the protagonists in these works are people who seek a new life and think about the meaning of life, but their hearts are full of fierce conflicts. At 190 1, he wrote the famous prose poem "The Swallow Song", which symbolizes the revolutionaries' fearlessness in times of crisis, creates the image of swallows surging forward, and inspires people to carry out great battles with the warning of the coming revolutionary storm. It is an ode of Kubinashi's working class or official denouncing the enemy's battles and being warmly praised by Lenin.

At 190 1, he wrote the famous prose poem "The Swallow Song", which symbolizes the revolutionaries' fearlessness in times of crisis, shapes the image of swallows surging forward, and inspires people to carry out great battles with the warning of the coming revolutionary storm. It is an ode of Kubinashi's R-state official denouncing the enemy's battles and being warmly praised by Lenin. Gorky wrote this drama on the eve of the revolution in 1905. During the period of1~1905, he wrote plays such as Ordinary People, Bottom Floor, Summer Visitors, Sun's Children and (Barbarian). In particular, "The Public" and "Doomsday" show the new image and new mental outlook of workers in real life, and show their determination and optimism in fighting for their rights. Their performances among Russian composers have caused a sensation.

Gorky from 1906' s novel "Mother" and the play "Enemy" are the two most important works, which indicate that it has reached a new peak. For the first time in the history of world literature, Mother consciously shaped the image of the revolutionary hero of the proletariat fighting for socialism, and socialist realism is the foundation of literature. Lenin affirmed its relevance. 1905 After the failure of the Great Revolution, Gorky of the United States and Italy wrote a series of political commentary articles, which reacted against various literary thoughts from the aspects of western capitalist system and ideology. 1908 The novella Confession reveals the idealist's theory of God's creation and thinking, which was severely criticized by Lenin and enthusiastically helped him. Nevertheless, the dominant Gorky tendency is still positive and full of revolutionary fighting spirit. The new method of proletarian literature creation has made many theoretical explorations and put forward the viewpoint of combining realism with romanticism. Between his two creative revolutions, he produced fruitful results. For example, Lady in a Love Town (1909), Summer (1909) and Liu Kere's Hot Life (1910 ~19/kloc).

In the 65,438+00 years after the October Revolution, due to Gorky's poor health, Lenin and some writers with unique artistic style wrote the value of important Georgian documents and memoirs, and finally t rilogy's My University (65,438+0922 ~ 65,438+0923) and The Career of Alta Rakhmonov (66. He followed Lenin's suggestion and went abroad to recuperate. After returning to China, he created an interesting and voluminous exposition and epic "My Life" from 193 1 925. This is an unfinished work. Before 1936' s death, he also wrote Travel Notes of the Soviet Union (1929), English Tales, Eger Brechev et al. (1932) and Tosca Xie Press et al. (1.

Gorky is not only a great writer but also an outstanding social activist. He founded the Soviet Writers' Association and presided over the first writers' congress in the Soviet Union, a newcomer in the literary world who actively participated in the cause of safeguarding world peace. Gorky's works were introduced to China from 1907. His excellent literary works and books are the common wealth of world-class bands.

Chinese name: Gorky

mbth

Nationality: former Soviet Union

Place of birth: Nizhny Novgorod

Date of birth:1March 28th, 868

Date of death: 1936 June 18.

Occupation: writer

Representative works: Haiyan, Childhood, On Earth, My University and Mother.

Famous saying: Books are the ladder of human progress.

Maxim Gorky, a great proletarian writer and social activist in the former Soviet Union. Born in poverty, he personally experienced the cruel exploitation and oppression of capitalism, which had an important impact on his thought and creative development. After entering the literary world, he created a series of heroic images of workers and proletarian revolutionaries and attacked the western capitalist system and reactionary thoughts. His representative works include Song of Haiyan, Autobiographical Trilogy Childhood, On Earth, My University and so on. The former Soviet Union has states and cities named after Gorky.

Gorky (1868.3.16-1936.6.18) is Maxim Gorky, formerly known as Alexei Macsimovici Piskov, also known as Shi levski (Russian: мак). Founder of socialist realistic literature, mentor of proletarian revolutionary literature, founder of proletarian revolutionary literature1March 8681June was born in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia (Russian: ниное)

He lost his father in his early years and lived in his grandfather's house, which ran a small dye house. 1 1 years old began to make a living independently, and spent his childhood and adolescence at the bottom of the old society. Gorky's extraordinary early experiences are vividly described in his famous autobiographical trilogy, including Childhood, On Earth and My University. The suffering of the world and the bitterness of life have honed his fighting spirit; After Gorky studied hard, he tried to teach himself. The experience and profound understanding of the painful life of the people at the bottom of society has become an inexhaustible source of his creation. 1892 with maxim? Under the pen name Gorky (meaning the greatest pain), he published his first novel, McArdle? Cudla. Among Gorky's early works, the most famous romantic short stories "Old Lady Izgil" and "Song of the Eagle" and the representative work "Cerca Shi" describing the life of vagrants were published in 1895. 1899, Gorky completed his first novel, Fuma? Gore deyev. 190 1 year, Gorky was arrested for participating in a demonstration in Petersburg. The famous prose poem Haiyan was written after he participated in this demonstration. He used this passionate revolutionary prose to meet the revolutionary storm of the proletariat in the 20th century. In the same year, he wrote his first play Ordinary Citizen, and his outstanding achievement was to create the image of the first revolutionary proletariat (revolutionary worker Neil) in the history of world literature. 1902, he wrote "At the Bottom", which is a summary of the author's observation on the life of the homeless in the past 20 years and a masterpiece of Gorky's drama. Gorky joined the revolutionary movement as a soldier during the high revolutionary situation in 1905, and his residence became one of the strongholds of the armed uprising in Moscow in 1905.

Soviet writer Yi? Kanohova once wrote an article about Gorky, named "Accident", which tells that the writer met Gorky but didn't recognize him (which will be learned in the sixth lesson of the fifth grade experimental textbook of China's compulsory education curriculum standard). His works "Mother" and "Song of Haiyan" were selected into the eighth-grade Chinese book of the Soviet Education Press, and the second volume of the Chinese textbook of the eighth-grade People's Education Press also included "Song of Haiyan", but it was renamed "Haiyan"; "Friends of Childhood" (from "Childhood") was selected as the second volume of the seventh grade Chinese book of Jiangsu Education Publishing House.

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