There are 18 1 poems in Wang Changling. The genre is mainly composed of five ancient poems and seven quatrains, and the themes are mainly parting, frontier fortress and palace resentment.
Wang Changling's poems are not as good as those of Li Bai, Du Fu, Gao Shi and Cen Can, but his poems are of high quality. Frontier poems can be compared with Gao Shi and Cen Can, but after three or four outstanding poets, there are almost no frontier poems.
After Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty changed the system of officers and men to the system of recruiting soldiers, scholars set off an upsurge of joining the army and frontier fortress. In the 13th year of Kaiyuan, Wang Changling roamed the northwest frontier, deeply experienced frontier life and wrote a lot of frontier poems. At this time, Cen Can 1 1 year-old, Gao Shi had not yet started frontier life. Later generations called Wang Changling the founder and pioneer of frontier fortress poetry.
Wang Changling's frontier poems are good at capturing typical scenes, with high generalization and rich expressive force. It not only reflects the main theme of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, but also describes the frontier fortress scenery and frontier fortress battlefield scenes in detail, and captures the delicate inner world of soldiers.
His poems have broad artistic conception, mellow language, euphemistic and harmonious tone, which is thought-provoking, and he has high attainments in * * *, landscaping and freehand brushwork. Wang Changling's poems about palace grievances can be compared with Li Bai's, and they are unique in profound meaning, wonderful scenery, sharp contrast and strange language creation.
In Poems in My Heart, Wang Changling always describes the sadness of people who have been in the palace for a long time with the spirit of compassion, shows their life and emotional world in many ways with delicate brushwork, reveals their tragic fate under the cruel court funeral system, and objectively criticizes the evil of feudal society destroying women. This ideological tendency laid a healthy foundation for his works, washed away the blasphemy of court poems in the Six Dynasties, and effectively reversed the bad writing style of Qi and Liang. On the other hand, as far as artistic expression is concerned, Wang Changling carried forward the gorgeous and exquisite expression techniques of the Six Dynasties and inherited its formal beauty.
Therefore, Wang Changling is considered to be the first person who successfully wrote a seven-character quatrain poem. [1] The five ancient poems written by Wang Changling are basically solemn, vigorous and vigorous.
It was with this poetic style that he was famous in the poetry circle of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Wang Changling's five-character ancient poems are not difficult to see: distinctive features, diverse styles, showing different aesthetic characteristics: First, bold and unconstrained, bold and heroic.
Second, it's beautiful. It's very relaxing. Hu Yinglin's poems divide the development of the Five Dynasties from the early Tang Dynasty to the prosperous Tang Dynasty into two schools, namely "Yayuan" and "Qinglian School", and classify Wang Changling and others into the former.
Third, it is sad and frustrating. The heroic picture is gradually replaced by the quiet and detached picture, which is closely related to Wang Changling's life experience.
This deep and sad style is also prominent in the poems described by the poet who witnessed the desolation and darkness of the curtain and experienced the ups and downs of his career. Fourth, fresh and lively, natural and clear.
What is commendable is that Wang Changling is so-called "boiling slander, fleeing to the wild", so he is depressed and sad. However, the poet is not always in pain, but always depressed, but puts aside affairs and desolation from time to time, thus creating five ancient poems with fresh and natural styles and lively and hearty.
[2] There were only 77 Four Wonders in the early Tang Dynasty, and 472 in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, including 74 in Wang Changling, accounting for almost one-sixth. Wang Changling was a middle-aged poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He created the Seven Wonders earlier. He was an early "Seven Wonders Master" who wrote a large number of Seven Wonders and achieved excellent results, and became a famous poet with the Seven Wonders alone.
Thanks to the efforts of Li Bai and others, the Seven Wonders gradually became a popular genre in the Tang Dynasty, so he was as famous as Li Bai in the Seven Wonders. In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, the number of the Seven Musts was second only to the Five Laws.
Wu Qiao's "Poetry Around the Furnace" points out in Volume II: "Wang Changling is like the king of stereotyped writing. Since then, the law of inheritance and integration has been established for the Tang Dynasty, and later generations will follow it. "
It can be seen that the "Seven Musts" arrived in Wang Changling, but the system was fixed and the expression technique was completely mature, which had a great influence on later generations. [1 1] An overview of the content and theme of poetry Wang Changling's seven-character quatrains can be divided into three categories in content, each with its own characteristics.
Among them, frontier poems are the first, and poems that will always be in my heart are the second. The first category is frontier poems that follow the old topic of Yuefu.
The frontier poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty have always been headed by Gao Shi and Cen Can. Both of them are good at Long song, high-spirited and vigorous, magnificent and magnificent.
Wang Changling, on the other hand, found a new way to express all kinds of feelings in the form of short quatrains, including the lofty aspirations of "never breaking Loulan and never giving it back" (the fourth part of seven military service songs), the joy of victory of "I have been captured alive" (the fifth part of seven military service songs), and the sadness of missing my loved ones before the desert wind and under the Great Wall moon, all of which were written implicitly and deeply. The second category is in my heart forever's poems and palace poems, which express the grievances of maids.
On the other hand, Wang Changling's works "Gong Ci" and "in my heart forever" show his high artistic talent in describing women's inner feelings under the feudal system. From the outside, court life is so quiet and charming: "Nishinomiya night is quiet and fragrant" (Nishinomiya is full of spring resentment) and "Furong is not as beautiful as beauty makeup" (Nishinomiya is full of autumn resentment). However, in the beautiful scene, the poets described their inner pain in detail. Their desire for happiness, their disappointment, and the complex psychology of hope.
The beauty of writing, conciseness of language and profundity of emotion of these works made it difficult for later authors to win. The third category is farewell poems.
Wang Changling made extensive friends all his life, and had contacts with many scholars, officials, hermits and monks. Especially when he was demoted twice and exiled for many years, how much he needed the comfort of relatives and friends and the warmth of friendship. He also dedicated his loyal and profound friendship to those honest bosom friends.
He wrote more than 40 farewell poems in his life, which are unconventional and extraordinary. His farewell poems can be divided into the following four types in terms of expression techniques: first, expressing sincere and profound friendship with different artistic ideas. Second, break the routine of farewell poems, not focusing on the present departure, but focusing on the scene after departure.
Third, don't write sadness, take comfort as the "idea". Fourth, there is no compliment, no entertainment, good at lyricism and writing people. [1 1] Frontier fortress called Wang Changling a famous frontier fortress poet, and later generations were famous for frontier fortress poems.
It mainly shows the artistic features of Wang Changling's frontier poems.
2. Common sense of literature
Broadly speaking, it refers to various issues covering culture.
Including writers, years, works, geographical and historical allusions and stories in literature, as well as literary habits familiar to ordinary people. General knowledge of literature: 1. The literature from ancient China to Qin Shihuang's unification of China (22 BC1year) is called pre-Qin literature.
Myth existed before the invention of writing. Myth is full of rich imagination and is the source of China's romantic literature.
3. The most popular myths in China are "Goddess of mending the sky", "Houyi shooting at the sun", "Jingwei filling the sea" and "Goddess of the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon". 4. Shangshu is the earliest collection of historical documents in China, and it is said that it was edited by Confucius.
5. The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems in China, including 305 pieces of music from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period. 6. The Songs of Chu was compiled by Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty, which included the poems of Qu Yuan and Song Yu. Because of its Chu voice, it is called Chu Ci, which has a far-reaching influence on later literary creation.
7. Qu Yuan is a great patriotic poet in China. Li Sao is Qu Yuan's masterpiece and the only long lyric prose. 8. "The road to Xiu Yuan is long and the road to Xiu Yuan is long, and I will go up and down to find it" is a famous sentence in Qu Yuan's Lisao.
9. Pre-Qin prose refers to the prose in the pre-Qin period, which is divided into historical prose and various schools of thought prose. Zuo Zhuan and Warring States Policy are the representatives of historical prose in the pre-Qin period.
The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Mozi and Zhuangzi are the representatives of pre-Qin hundred schools of thought. 10, Zuo Zhuan is China's first narrative historical work, which has made great achievements in history, literature and language.
1 1. The Analects of Confucius is a documentary collection of essays, which recorded the words and deeds of Confucius and his students and was written by Confucius' students. This Confucian classic has a great influence on China culture.
12, "Isn't it a pleasure to have friends from afar?" (It's a great pleasure to have friends from afar) "Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you" (don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you), which is a famous saying in The Analects of Confucius. 13, Han Fu is a new literary form in Han Dynasty.
This is a poetic essay. Jia Yi was an outstanding politician and writer in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty.
His most famous essay is on Qin, a political essay. 15, Sima Xiangru was an outstanding writer of Ci and Fu in the Western Han Dynasty, with Zi Xufu and Shanglin Fu as his representative works.
16, Historical Records is a historical book written by Sima Qian, a famous historian in the Western Han Dynasty, and also a model of biographical literature. 17, Yuefu folk songs in the Han Dynasty played an important role in the history of China's poetry development.
Yuefu originally refers to the musical organ established by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Later, people called the poems collected, sorted out and preserved by Yuefu organs Yuefu poems. 18 Peacock Flying Southeast is an outstanding long narrative poem in ancient China, which tells the love tragedy of a young man and woman, and is the peak of the development of narrative poems in Han Yuefu.
19, Nineteen Ancient Poems is a group of anonymous short poems in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, which is the development of Yuefu folk songs and marks the mature stage of five-character poetry skills. 20. During the Jian 'an period at the end of the Han Dynasty, a group of poets inherited the realistic spirit of the folk songs of Yuefu in Han Dynasty and had a unique style of "generosity and sadness", which was called "Jian 'an style".
2 1. The representative writers of Jian 'an literature are Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi, collectively known as "Three Caos". 22. "An old horse crouches in a tiger, with a thousand miles of ambition, a martyr is courageous in his twilight years" is a famous sentence in Cao Cao's "Although a turtle lives long", which shows the heroic mind of being old and strong.
23. Cai Yan, Wen Xi, Jian 'an poetess. Her five-word poems of grief and indignation show the sufferings brought to the people by the political turmoil in the late Han Dynasty.
24. Ruan Ji was the writer with the highest literary achievement in Zhengshi period, with 82 five-character poems, collectively referred to as "Huaishi". 25. Tao Yuanming was a great poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 3 17 420).
His poems are called "pastoral poets" because of their idyllic quiet life scenes. 26. The Peach Blossom Garden written by Tao Yuanming in his later period marks that his thoughts and art have reached a new height, and the poet put forward the social ideal of "Xanadu" here.
27. The lyric poem "Song of the Western Zhou Dynasty" represents the highest achievement of folk songs in the Southern Dynasty (420-589 AD). 28. "The sky is grey, the wild is boundless, the wind blows the grass and the cattle and sheep are low" is a poem in the northern folk song "Song of Chile", which describes the scenery of the northern prairie.
29. Mulan Poetry is an outstanding masterpiece of folk songs in the Northern Dynasties, which describes the touching story of the heroine Hua Mulan joining the army instead of her father. 30. Xie Lingyun, a poet in the Southern Dynasties, was the pioneer of the school of landscape poetry.
3 1, Gan Bao's quest for the gods is the representative of strange novels in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. 32. Shi Shuo Xin Yu is a short essay written by Liu Yiqing, which records the words and deeds and interesting stories of some characters in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. It is vivid and concise.
33. Wen Xin Diao Long is a literary criticism work, which has a great influence on later literary criticism. 34. Zhong Rong's Shi Pin is a work of poetry criticism, which has a great influence on later poetry criticism.
35. Poetry, prose and novels were very developed in the Tang Dynasty (AD 6 18-907), especially in the Tang Dynasty. There were many great poets in the Tang Dynasty, such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Liu Yuxi, Li Shangyin and so on.
37. Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan, writers of the Tang Dynasty, launched the ancient prose movement. 38. The development of Tang poetry can be roughly divided into four stages: early Tang, prosperous Tang, middle Tang and late Tang.
39. There are more than 50,000 Tang poems that have been handed down today, which is two or three times the sum of previous poems. 40. Poetry in the Tang Dynasty can be divided into ancient poetry and modern poetry.
There is no limit to the number of archaic sentences, and the level of each sentence is more free. There are two kinds of near-forms: metrical poems and quatrains.
The rhythm is rigorous, each song consists of four parts and eight sentences, and the middle should be reversed. There are rules for metrical poems and quatrains.
There are five words and seven words in ancient poetry and modern poetry. 4 1. The four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty were Lu, Luo, Luo, Yang Jiong.
42. Wang Bo wrote the famous Preface to Wang Teng-ting, one of the most famous words is "The sunset is lonely in Qi Fei, and the autumn waters are * * * and the sky is one color". 43. At the age of seven, Luo wrote the famous poem Ode to Goose: "Goose, Goose, Goose, Xiang Tiange has a crooked neck.
White feathers, floating in green water; The red soles of the feet stir the clear water. 44. Chen Ziang was a famous poet after the four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty. He opposed the beautiful style of the Six Dynasties and advocated the elegant poetic style.
45. The famous pastoral poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty were Meng Haoran and Wang Wei. Their poems show the magnificence of the mountains and rivers of the motherland and the natural simplicity of the countryside.