is the Analects of Confucius! The original 1.1 Confucius said (1): "Learning (2) and learning (3) from time to time is not as good as saying (4)." Isn't it fun to have friends (5) coming from afar (6)? People don't know (7) and don't care about (8). Isn't it a gentleman (9)? " Note (1) Zi: In ancient China, the title of respect for men with status and knowledge was sometimes referred to as men.

The Confucius in the Analects of Confucius refers to Confucius. (2) Learning: The "learning" mentioned by Confucius here mainly refers to learning the traditional cultural classics such as rites, music, poems and books of the Western Zhou Dynasty.

(3) Shi Xi: In the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, the word "Shi" was used as an adverb, meaning "at a certain time" or "at an appropriate time". However, Zhu Xi interpreted "time" as "often" in his book The Analects of Confucius.

"learning" refers to the exercise ceremony and fun; Review poems and books. It also means review, internship and practice.

(4) Say: the sound yuè means joy, cheerfulness and joy. (5) Have friends: one book is called "Friends and Friends".

The old note said, "Friends from the same school", that is, friends who study under the same teacher, that is, like-minded people. (6) Music: It is different from speaking.

the old note says that joy is in the heart, but joy is outside. (7) People don't know: This sentence is incomplete and doesn't say what people don't know.

the object is missing. Generally speaking, knowing means understanding.

people don't know, which means others don't know themselves. (8) Yan: Yin Yan, angry, resentful.

(9) Gentleman: A gentleman in the Analects of Confucius sometimes refers to a virtuous person and sometimes refers to a person with a position. Here refers to Confucius' ideal person with noble personality.

Confucius said, "Isn't it pleasant to review and practice after learning? Isn't it nice to have like-minded people coming from afar? People don't understand me, and I don't resent or be angry. Isn't it also a virtuous gentleman? " Original 1.2 You Zi (1) said: "He is also filial to his younger brother (2), while those who are easy to offend (3) are fresh (4); It's not easy to make a mistake, but it's easy to make a mess, which is not enough (5). The gentleman's business book (6) is based on the Tao (7).

if you are filial to your younger brother, what is the foundation of being human? " Note (1) You Zi: A student of Confucius, whose surname is You and whose name is Ruo, is 13 years younger than Confucius and 33 years younger. The latter is more credible.

in the Analects of Confucius, Confucius students are generally called "Zi", only Zeng Shen and You Ruo are called "Zi". Therefore, many people think that the Analects of Confucius was written by Zeng Shen and You Ruo.

(2) filial piety: filial piety, the correct attitude of children towards their parents in slave society; Brother, the pronunciation and meaning are the same as "Ti", that is, the younger brother's correct attitude towards his older brother. Filial piety and younger brother are two basic moral norms specially advocated by Confucius and Confucianism.

the old note says: parents who are kind say filial piety, and brothers who are kind say younger. (3) Offence: offense, offense, and offense.

on, it refers to the person in the upper position. (4) fresh: the sound Xi m: n, meaning less.

the word "fresh" in the Analects of Confucius is used in this way. (5) Nothing is also: this is an inverted sentence type of "nothing is also".

There is a rule in the syntax of ancient Chinese. If the object of a negative sentence is a pronoun, it is usually placed before the verb. (6) service: service, concentration and commitment.

Ben, at all. (7) Tao: In China's ancient thoughts, Tao has many meanings.

Tao here refers to benevolence advocated by Confucius, that is, the whole moral ideology with benevolence as the core and its embodiment in real life. Simply put, it is the basic principle of governing the country and being a man.

(8) Benevolence is the foundation: Benevolence is the highest category of Confucius' philosophical thought, and it is also an ethical code. Being the foundation of benevolence means taking filial piety as the foundation of benevolence.

There is another explanation that the ancient word "benevolence" is the word "human", and the foundation of benevolence is the foundation of being a man. A son said, "It is rare to be filial to parents, obedient to elder brothers and fond of offending the upper rulers.".

people who don't like to offend the upper rulers, but those who like to rebel don't. When a gentleman devotes himself to fundamental affairs, the principle of governing the country and being a man is established.

filial piety and obedience to one's elder brother are the essence of benevolence! "Original 1.3 Confucius said: Clever words make color (1), fresh (2) benevolence. "Notes (1) Clever words make color: Zhu Xi notes:" Good words, good color, to decorate the outside, to talk about people. "

Qiao and Ling both mean beauty. But here it should be interpreted as pretending to be pleasant.

(2) fresh: less. Confucius said: "If you talk beautifully and pretend to be pleasant, such people will have little kindness."

the original 1.4 Ceng Zi (1) said: "My three provinces (2) my body. Cheating for others (3)? Make friends without believing (4)? Can't you learn it? " Note (1) Ceng Zi: Ceng Zi, born in 55 BC, was born in the state of Lu, and was a descendant of the nobles of the State of Qi who were destroyed by the state of Lu.

Zeng Shen, a proud pupil of Confucius, is famous for his dutiful son. It is said that he wrote the Book of Filial Piety.

(2) three provinces: provinces (sound xǐng), inspection and inspection. There are several explanations in the three provinces: first, three inspections; The second is to check from three aspects; The third is to check many times.

In fact, in ancient times, adding numbers before verbs with actions indicated that there were many actions, so it was not necessary to identify them as three times. (3) loyalty: the old note said: do your best to be loyal.

this means that you should do your best to people. (4) letter: the old note said: the believer is sincere.

honesty is the word of faith. People are required to keep faith with each other according to the rules of etiquette in order to adjust the relationship between people.

(5) Pass it on: Pass it on, and the old note says, "Be taught by the teacher. The teacher taught it to himself.

learning, like the word "learning while learning", refers to review, practice, exercise, etc. Ceng Zi said, "I reflect on myself many times every day. Have I tried my best to serve others? Is it honest and trustworthy to associate with friends? Have you reviewed what the teacher taught me? " Original 1.5 Confucius said: "The Tao (1) is a country of thousands of times (2). As far as respecting things (3) is concerned, saving money and loving others (4) makes the people timely (5)."

Note (1): One book is used as a "guide" and as a verb. This means governance.

(2) the country of thousands of rides: ride, pronounced shèng, which means a car. This refers to the grass-roots units of the ancient army.

every time you take a four-horse-drawn personnel carrier, there are 3 military personnel on board, 72 people stepping off the vehicle, and 25 logistics personnel, totaling 1 people. A country with a thousand chariots means a country with 1 chariots, that is, a vassal state.

In the Spring and Autumn Period, wars were frequent, so the strength of a country was calculated by the number of vehicles. In the era of Confucius, the country of a thousand rides was no longer a big country.

(3) Respect: The word respect is generally used in tables. 2. 1 classical Chinese poems written by Confucius are quick, quick, quick, quick.

Confucius said, "If you learn from time to time, why not say (yuè)? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? People don't know and don't care (yùn), isn't it a gentleman? " Zeng Zi said, "My body in three provinces (xǐng) is unfaithful for others? Make friends without believing them? Can't you learn it? " Confucius said, "Reviewing the past and learning the new can be a teacher." Confucius said, "Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous." Confucius said, "It's ok to teach women what to know! Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, and knowing is also. "Confucius said," See the sage Si Qi Yan, but look inward when you don't see the sage. "Confucius said," In a threesome, there must be my teacher Yan; Choose those who are good and follow them, and change those who are not good. "Zeng Zi said," Scholars have to be unyielding and have a long way to go. Isn't it far after death? " Confucius said, "When you are cold, you will know that pine and cypress will wither." Zi Gong asked, "Who can walk for life with a word?" Confucius said, "I forgive you! Do to others what you don't want them to do to you. 3. Classical Chinese about Confucius

Confucius exhorts learning

Zi Lu met Confucius and Confucius said, "Why are you so happy?" Yes, it's a good sword. Confucius said, "I'm not asking this question, but I just mean that I can do what I can with learning." Zi Lu said, "Is learning beneficial?" Confucius said: "A lady who has no admonishment will lose her integrity, and a scholar who has no religious friends will lose her hearing. If a mad horse is restrained, she will not release her strategy, and she will not hold a bow against it. If the bow does not oppose it, she will be straight, and if she is admonished, she will be holy, and if she is asked again, which one will go wrong. Destroying benevolence and evil officials will be close to punishment." Confucius said, "It's not too deep to include feathers and sharpen them." Zilu bowed again and said, "Be taught with respect."

Translation

Confucius said to Zilu, "What are your preferences?" Zilu replied, "I like long swords. Confucius said, "I'm not asking about this. With your talent and study, you should be able to have good talents. Zilu said, "Can learning increase our ability? Confucius said, "For example, if a king doesn't have a minister who dares to remonstrate, there will be mistakes in political affairs; If a scholar has no friends who can correct his shortcomings, his moral character is easy to be lacking. You can't put down the whip for a wild horse, and you can't change the auxiliary one casually when you are shooting with a bow. Trees can grow straight if they are pulled by ink ropes, and people can be noble if they can accept good words and advice. There is nothing you can't learn if you are taught and ask questions carefully. Those who violate benevolence and specialize in evil deeds should be punished by national laws at any time. So a gentleman can't help learning. Zilu said: "There is a kind of bamboo in Nanshan, which is straight without kneading and baking. After sharpening, it can penetrate the thick skin of rhinoceros, so why go through the learning process when some things are gifted?" Confucius said, "If you put feathers on the tail of the arrow and sharpen it, can't the arrow shoot deeper and farther?"? Zilu thanked him and said, "I really benefited a lot. I found it in Baidu, should it be ok? 4. Is there a classical Chinese text about Confucius

Confucius: "Learning from time to time, isn't it?" Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Isn't it a gentleman to be ignorant and not satisfied? "

A Confucius said, "He is also a filial brother, but he who likes to make mistakes is rare; It's not easy to make a mistake, but it's not easy to make a mistake. A gentleman's business is based on the foundation and the Tao is born. Filial piety is also the foundation of benevolence! "

Confucius said, "Clever words make you look good, which makes you fresh!"

Zeng Zi said, "I visit myself three times a day: are you unfaithful to others? Make friends without believing them? Can't you learn it? "

Confucius said, "A country with thousands of times: respect things and believe, save money and love others, so that people can make time."

Confucius said, "When a disciple enters, he is filial, and when he leaves, he is a younger brother. He is sincere and trustworthy, and he loves all the people and is kind. If you have spare capacity, you will learn literature. "

Zi Xia said, "A virtuous man changes his color. Parents can do their best, and a gentleman can lead him to his health. He keeps his word with friends. Although I have not learned, I will call it learning. "

Confucius said, "If a gentleman is not heavy, he is not powerful, and his learning is not solid. Lord faithfulness. He who has no friends is worse than himself. If you pass, don't change. "

Zeng Zi said, "Be cautious in the end, and people's morality will return to thick."

Zi Qin asked Yu Zigong, "As for the state, Master will hear about its politics and ask for peace."? Suppress it? " Zi Gong said, "Master is gentle, kind, respectful, thrifty, and let him get it. What does the master want, and what do all the other people want? "

Confucius said, "The father is here, so watch his ambition; Father didn't, watch his actions; It is filial piety not to change the way of the father for three years. "

A Confucius said, "Harmony is the most precious thing for courtesy. First, Wang Zhidao is beautiful, and small is big. If you can't do something, it's not feasible to know and be harmonious, not to be polite. "

A Confucius said, "Faith is close to righteousness, and words can be answered; Courtesy is close to ceremony, far from shame; Because you don't lose your relatives, you can also live in it. "

Confucius said, "A gentleman does not want to have enough to eat, and he does not want to live in peace. If he is sensitive to things and is careful about what he says, he will have a proper way to learn."

zi gong said, "what about being poor without flattery and being rich without arrogance?" Confucius said, "Yes. If you are not poor, you will be happy, and those who are rich and good at gifts will also be. " Zi Gong said, "As the poem says,' As incisive as a probe, as polished as a mill.' What is the meaning of it? Confucius said, "If you give me something, I can only talk to you about poetry! Tell the people who know the past. "

Confucius said, "If you don't know yourself, you don't know others."

Volume I is the second in politics

Confucius said, "Governing with morality, such as Beichen, is home to many stars."

Confucius said, "There are 3 poems, which, in a word, means' thinking innocently'."

Confucius said, "If the Tao is governed by politics, it will be punished, and the people will be exempted from it. The Tao is virtuous, and it is courteous, shameful and qualified. "

Confucius said, "I am determined to learn five times out of ten, standing at thirty, not confused at forty, knowing my destiny at fifty, obeying my ears at sixty, and doing what I want at seventy, without overstepping the bounds."

Meng Yizi asked about filial piety. Confucius said, "No violation." Fan Chi Yu, the son told him: "Meng Sun asked me about filial piety, and I said' no violation'." Fan Chi said, "What is it?" Confucius said, "When you are born, you should treat things with courtesy; When you die, you are buried with ceremony and sacrificed with ceremony. "

Meng wubo asks about filial piety. Confucius said, "Parents only worry about their illness."

Ziyou asks about filial piety. Confucius said, "Today's filial piety means being able to support. As for dogs and horses, they can all be raised; Disrespect, why not? "

filial piety is asked in summer. Confucius said, "Color is difficult. Did you ever think it was filial to have a disciple who worked hard and a gentleman who ate and drank? "

Confucius said, "I talk back to you all day, and I don't violate it like a fool. Retreat and save their privacy, but also enough to send. Yes,

not stupid. "

Confucius said, "Look at what it is, what it is, and what it is safe for. How are people? People are awkward? "

Confucius said, "Reviewing the past and learning the new can be a teacher."

Confucius said, "A gentleman is not a tool."

zi gong asked the gentleman. Confucius said, "Say what you say first, and then follow it."

Confucius said, "A gentleman can't compare with others, but a villain can't compare with others."

Confucius said, "Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous."

Confucius said, "If you attack heresy, you will be harmed!"

Confucius said, "By! What do you know about teaching women? Knowing it is knowing it, not knowing it is not knowing it, but knowing it. "

zi Zhang Xue gan Lu. Confucius said, "If you hear more doubts, if you are cautious about the rest, you will be rare.": If you see more dangers, you will be sorry if you are cautious about the rest. If you say nothing, you will regret it, and Lu will be among them. "

Aigong asked, "What is * * * clothing?" Confucius said to him, "Give a straight answer to all wrongs, and * * * obey; * * * refuses to accept the mistakes. "

Ji Kangzi asked, "What about persuading people with respect and loyalty?" Confucius said, "When you are near, you should respect Zhuang; when you are filial, you should be loyal; if you can't teach, you should advise."

Or Confucius said, "Is Zi Xi not a politician?" Confucius said, "As the book says,' Filial piety is about filial piety, friendship with brothers, and administration.' Is it also a government, and it is a government? "

Confucius said," People don't believe, and they don't know what they can do. If there is no cart and no cart, what can it do? "

Zi Zhang asked, "Do you know the tenth?" Confucius said, "Yin gained and lost because of Xia Li, so we can know; Zhou' s gains and losses due to Yin Li are also known; Its successor or successor, though immortal, is also known. "

Confucius said, "It's flattering to sacrifice it unless it's a ghost. Jianyi