Using happy scenes to describe joy, and using sad scenes to describe sadness are common human feelings and grammatical rules. For example, Xu Yuanshu's poem "On the Lake": "The flowers are blooming, the mangroves are singing, the grass is growing, and the egrets are flying across the lake. The wind is warm and the sun is good, and the sunset is full of flutes and drums, and several boats are returning." The harmonious scene in the poem reflects the poet's cheerful mood. . Another example is Jing Ke's "Song of Yishui": "The wind is rustling, the Yishui is cold, and the strong man will never return once he is gone." The desolate and tragic atmosphere in the song also just highlights the generous and tragic mood of the strong man.

Using a happy atmosphere to set off a happy mood, and a sad atmosphere to set off a sad mood. This is a feeling that people often have under normal circumstances. But under special circumstances, some people have the opposite emotion. It is more common in poetry to use happy scenes to describe sadness, such as Liu Yuxi's "Bamboo Branch Poems": "The mountains are covered with red flowers, and the spring water of the Shu River beats the mountain flow. The red flowers fade easily like Lang Yi, and the endless water flow is like Nong's sorrow." This poem It does not express the joyful mood of spring, but uses the peach blossom spring water as a comparison to express the sorrow and melancholy of an infatuated woman after encountering a heartless man. Wang Fuzhi said in "Jiang Zhai Poetry Talk": "Use happy scenes to describe sorrow, use sad scenes to write joy, and double the sorrow and joy." This is very insightful.

The main purpose of using happy scenes to describe sadness is to cause melancholy through happy scenes, and through the contrast between sadness and happiness, to achieve an artistic realm that cannot be achieved by using sad scenes to write about sadness. For example, in Tang Xianzu's "Peony Pavilion", the spring scenery of the garden "in full bloom" did not arouse Du Liniang's joy, but instead aroused her embarrassing spring sorrow. Another example is the scene description of Cui Yingying when she bid farewell to Zhang Sheng in a ten-mile pavilion in Wang Shifu's "The Romance of the West Chamber": "The sky is blue, the ground is yellow flowers, the west wind is strong, and the wild geese flying from the north to the south. Who is drunk in the frost forest at dawn? People always shed tears when they leave." In this sky, The scenery underground is indeed beautiful, especially the maple forest that is "red as February flowers". However, for Cui Yingying, it did not arouse the joyful mood like Du Mu's "stop and sit in love", but instead aroused her sadness of separation: This fiery maple leaf forest is dyed with my blood and tears of leaving others. !How much blood and tears would it take to dye this large maple forest? You can imagine how sad it is. It can be seen that using the technique of writing sadness with happy scenes can make the sadness more subtle and profound.

In addition to using happy scenes to write about sadness, you can also use happy things to write about sadness. This can be divided into three situations:

1. Simply write about sadness with joy. For example, there is this passage in Yuan Mei's "Essay on Sacrifice to Sisters": "I caught crickets, and you rushed out with your arms; the insects were stiff in the cold, and they came to their holes together. Now I will bury you, and the scene of that day will come to my eyes. When you were nine years old, you were sitting in the study room, combing your buns and wearing a single belt, and reading a chapter of "Zhen Yi". When Mr. Shi came into the house, he heard the loud voices of two boys, and he smiled and called out again and again. I hope that when you are in Jiuyuan, you should clearly remember that I was traveling to Guangdong. You put on your clothes and mourned for more than three years. When I returned home wearing the palace brocade, you came out from the east chamber holding the case, and the whole family stared and laughed. I don't remember where the words came from, but I probably said that I was admitted to the imperial examination in Chang'an, and the letter came sooner or later. Although all these trivial details are ancient, I will not be able to forget them until I die. The author recalled four interesting trivial things in his childhood: the first one was when the author caught a cricket, and his little sister bravely opened his arms to help. It was cold and the cricket froze to death. After the brother and sister buried it, they went to pay their respects to it. What a lovely childlike innocence, what a ridiculous behavior! This is certainly a pleasure. The second thing is that the younger sister came to the study room wearing a pair of buns and single clothes. The brother and sister read the Book of Songs together. The sweet children's voice made the serious teacher smile and praise her. Of course this is a pleasure. The third thing is that my younger sister held her brother's lapel and cried bitterly when she was sending her brother off to Guangxi. This was sad on the surface, but actually she was happy. A sixteen-year-old girl holds her brother's lapel with both hands and cries bitterly like a child. Apart from the deep love between brother and sister and the cuteness of childlike innocence, isn't this not childish and ridiculous? So this third one is still a joy. The fourth thing is that the little sister came out with a food tray to welcome her returning brother. Her unusual joy and unusual behavior made the whole family laugh at her. This is undoubtedly a pleasure. The author recalls four happy things from his childhood at the beginning of "Essence on Sisters". When he thinks about how difficult it is to raise him up after death, and when he sees the past events and "take them away and they are gone", the things become happier, the heart becomes more painful, and the emotions become more intense. More and more sad. Writing about sorrow with sad things can make people wail and vomit without leaving anything behind; while writing about sorrow with happy things will contain deeper sorrow, making people cry with sorrow, and their hearts will turn over and over again, and the sorrow will be endless.

Second, combine happy things with happy scenes to write about sadness. This method is different from writing about sorrow in a happy scene. Writing about sadness with happy scenes is to use happy scenes to reflect the sadness, while writing about sadness by combining happy things with happy scenes is to let the happy scenes serve the happy things and not directly reflect the sadness. For example, this paragraph in Lin Juemin's "A Letter to My Wife": "Three or four months into my first marriage, around the time of winter, when the moonlight is dimly obscured by sparse plum blossoms outside the window, I (you) and I are hand in hand, low and sincere, saying nothing about anything. ?Why not complain? Thinking about it now, there are still tears left." Among them, "the sparse plum blossoms outside the window are vaguely shadowed by the moonlight" is a happy scene, "hand in hand side by side, caring deeply" is a joy, it is really a good time, beautiful scenery, and pleasing to the heart. , Pleasure. However, when the author "teardrops and pen and ink", he thought that he would not survive, that his wife would not be reunited, and that the good time would never come again. This heart-wrenching sadness is indescribable. When writing about sadness, the sadness is conveyed by the author; when writing about sadness with joy, the sadness depends on the taste of the reader. As mentioned above, the happy scenes and joyful things described in "A Letter to My Wife" express a kind of sadness that can only be understood but cannot be expressed in words. It is precisely because of this that this kind of sadness becomes even more profound.

3. Combine joy and happiness to write sadness. Whether you use happy scenes to describe sadness, or use happy things to write sadness, or use happy things and happy scenes to write sadness, it is an indirect description, and using happy things and happy feelings to write sadness is a kind of indirect description. The way is to directly describe the sadness. For example, there is this sentence in Bai Juyi's "The Charcoal Seller": "Poor clothes are only worn, and I am worried that the charcoal is cheap and I wish it would be cold. There is a foot of snow outside the door at night, and at dawn I am driving a charcoal cart rolling over the ice." When the weather is cold, there is "a foot of snow outside the door at night". Not only does the weather become colder, but also such a heavy snowfall is unexpected. It is really a "God's help" for the poor people. The price of this charcoal in the snow should be expected. Yes, it was a pleasure; so, at dawn, we drove the bullock cart and set off on the road. Not to mention his overjoyed joy and his hopeful joy, the word "xiao" embodies the charcoal seller's eagerness to be sure of victory. However, the reason behind this is that it is just a matter of "clothes on your body and food in your mouth". Tired all year round, he could not even guarantee the basic necessities of life. As long as he could get food and clothing, he was so happy despite the harsh environment. Here, the miserable situation and sad state of mind of the charcoal seller are reflected in this "Dawn" The joy of "driving a charcoal car" is vividly expressed. Not to mention the subsequent robbery by the palace envoys, just the charcoal seller's happy behavior about getting food and clothing is enough to make people cry and make people feel sour. The most wonderful and subtle thing about "The Charcoal Seller" is that it writes the indescribable things with joy. Emotions intertwined with sweetness and bitterness

Limited by space limitations, the above only lists a few examples from classical works, but this does not mean that this method of writing sadness with joy is only found in classical literary works. Whatever the ancients could do, future generations will definitely be able to do. This is the fact. For example, Zhu Ziqing's "Back View" describes the scene when his father climbed up the platform at the train station to buy some oranges for himself: "He climbed on the platform with both hands, and then retracted his feet; his fat body moved toward the platform. He leaned slightly to the left, showing an effort, and then I saw his back, and my tears quickly flowed down. "This method of writing sadness with joy is especially used when tragic characters recall the past. more frequently. If you can pay attention to this in daily life, it will undoubtedly be very beneficial to improve your writing ability and appreciation level.