2, know what is a good composition (what standard)

3. Know how to write a composition (basic steps)

4. Know how to write a good composition (available means)

Teaching lecture on composition learning methods for middle school students

First, why should we pay attention to composition learning?

1, the composition is agriculture

Industry-assembly line, unified specifications, what products are produced with what molds.

Agriculture-spirit likeness, shape likeness, never two identical leaves.

Case: "My brother is short"

2. The important method of composition learning is "since the enlightenment".

Teachable-rhetorical devices, stylistic norms, etc

Unteachable-literary thinking, talent and emotion, etc.

What can't be taught is often important knowledge.

Case: Ancient people read books.

3. In the self-construction of writing knowledge, the structure and weight are more reasonable.

-useless knowledge is discarded.

-useful knowledge is left.

-repetition of important knowledge.

4. Writing teaching should pay attention to learning methods.

Old textbooks-composition knowledge arranged in order, such as style and skills.

New teaching material-comprehensive learning, "package" (such as People's Education Edition)

Case: Advertising and Chinese

Second, what learning methods should middle school students master?

1, read and write a lot, and strengthen composition accumulation.

Newspaper clippings composition: no pen and ink, no reading

-Language

-Language sense

-Thinking

Case: "reasonable, unexpected" ... ten strange things are not strange.

2. Learn to write news and get into the habit of writing.

Methods: Learn to write news (one sentence-a paragraph-a long paragraph)-hundred words new things training.

Function: Strengthen the basic requirements of "truthfulness, novelty, conciseness and fluency" in writing.

"Sparrows are small and complete", and their bodies are refined, so they pay more attention to writing well, such as short poems and couplets.

Case: News reports of literary club activities

3. Learn 4X and master the thinking method.

-Three principles of thinking, divergent thinking and association

-choose, write or not, write first and then write, write in detail and skim.

-Write, in one go

-repair, language sense method, calm method

Practice first and then guide, so as not to limit thinking.

Case: "Running Experience"

4. apply what you have learned, and apply what you have learned.

Look for every opportunity to practice and publish, and break the "motivation" barrier of composition.

-Letters and diaries

-Draft event notices, news reports and broadcasts

-Graduation information, text messages

-The answer is also composition (biological topic: expressing opinions on the reconstruction of school flower beds)

Case: Jiangnan Poetry Style @ Publishing

Third, the college entrance examination topic composition examination guidance

"Topic composition" is a propositional form, and its basic feature is "three selves"

1, multi-dialectical theme

-One-dimensional topic composition: inside and outside the circle

Case: "Honesty"

-Dual topic composition: Grasping the cross-cutting area is the key.

Case: "reasonable, unexpected"

-the topic of ternary relationship has emerged: we must grasp the metaphorical meaning.

Case: crested pig's belly and leopard's tail, one branch and one leaf and one world.

-e, for the first time, there is a topic composition without words or "material = topic".

Jiangxi: "Face", Hubei: a passage by Wang Guowei

-Pay attention to "mutual understanding of topics and materials"

Case: "Material and Non-material"

2. According to the expected materials of discourse

-the difference between topic composition and material composition

-analogy can be used.

Case: Pursuit and Persistence

-Available ideas

Case: "Running Experience"

3. Make a title according to the topic

-The difference between topic composition and proposition composition

-Themes and titles

The topic is larger than the scope of the topic.

Titles are more artistic than titles.

Case: Running Experience-Fish, Eagle and Man

4, a variety of creative collection styles

-verification: argumentative essay

-Deduction: Narration

Case: "Remember and forget"

-Poetry and other non-mainstream styles

-Practical writing, classical Chinese and other alternative styles.

One of the four strokes of college entrance examination proposition composition.

● Multi-dialectical theme setting

Everyone should clearly and strictly say that the topic composition we are talking about at present is only a topic-induced composition. In the process of writing, we must pay attention to the combination of topic scope and topic-prompt understanding, so that the composition written in this way should be within the topic as well as within the topic. For example, in 2004, the exam topic "Small and Big" in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province included two elements. Usually, they are two independent elements, but in this topic, we want to talk about the relationship between these two elements. As mentioned in the title: a trickle flows into the sea of Wang Yang, and a little sweat waters countless fruits-"small" can become "big"; A thousand miles long dike was destroyed by a small ant nest, but it was destroyed by a moment's negligence. -"small" can destroy "big". Obviously, the theme of the composition should be based on this.

The topic given to us by the proposer often contains more than one element. When analyzing such topics, students may wish to think about the possible intersection between these elements, and the problem of the article's conception will be solved. For example, the topic of "unexpected and reasonable" in the national college entrance examination in 2005 seems to be unrelated to these two elements. Read the material carefully: People asked Professor Bohr, a Danish physicist, what is the secret of establishing a first-class physics school. Professor Bohr replied that he was not afraid to show his stupidity in front of students. The story provided by this material is "unexpected" at first glance, but "reasonable" on second thought. At this time, it is necessary to find the intersection area of these two elements. The key to "unexpected" and "reasonable" lies in Professor Bohr's "scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts, humble academic spirit and broad mind".

For a monistic topic, we can also turn it into a dualistic topic. For example, in Yiyang City, Hunan Province, in 2004, the exam question "Suffering" was titled: A girl of 19 years old committed suicide by taking sleeping pills the day before the report card was handed out, because she felt that she had no confidence at all after the exam. She is the captain's daughter, the darling of her parents, and grew up in a honey pot. We can turn the topic of suffering into "bitter honey"; For another example, the exam question in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province in 2004 was "Cherish", and we can turn it into "Cherish life and waste time" and so on. There is also a monistic topic composition that should pay attention to its symbolic meaning, figurative meaning and extended meaning. In 2004, Tianmen and other four cities in Hubei wrote an essay entitled "Wall", pointing out that some walls are barriers to feelings, barriers to ideas and shackles of civilization ... this is a symbolic meaning. There are also "steps" (the senior high school entrance examination in Xiaogan City, Hubei Province in 2004) and "bridges" (the senior high school entrance examination in Shanxi Province in 2004). Non-related topics such as "Face" (Jiangxi), "Running Experience" (Hunan) and "This year's flowers are redder than last year's" (Liaoning) in the 2005 college entrance examination questions should also be listed here and can be cooked according to law.

The second of the four strategies of college entrance examination proposition composition

● Reference materials.

In the writing of topic composition, material plays a very important role. We can refer to the materials to determine the materials of our composition. For example, the essay title "Pursuit and Persistence" of the high school attached to hunan normal university mock exam in 2005 is: Two old people are fishing together at the seaside. The fat old man hung six small hooks and searched for fishing places many times, and caught many small fish in a short time; The thin old man hung a huge hook and stuck it to the shore. Although he got nothing, he was bent on catching big fish. When the fat old man came home with the trophy like a winner, the thin old man was still snuggling up on the beach at dusk ... Literally, "fishing for small fish" and "fishing for big fish" are two symbols. From the perspective of connotation, one is that the goal pursued is low and easy to achieve; Pursuing high goals requires hard work (that is, persistence) to succeed. There is a choice. This topic composition with situational materials can use the methods of association, imagination and analogy to shape the story of the article:

Old people's achievements in "fishing for small fish" and "fishing for big fish" (it takes effort) (whether fishing for big fish is successful or not)

Gou Jian, the King of Yue, lost his land and poverty, seeking happiness and rejuvenating the country. He defeated Wu successfully.

Jing Ke did not stab Qin (alive), but stabbed Qin (dying). Failure: no thorn.

The Tang Priest and his disciples did not dare to give up, but broke up halfway to get the Western Classics (8 1 difficult): to get the true Classics.

Can college entrance examination candidates be admitted to ordinary universities without taking the exam (studying hard) at Peking University? Defeated

…… …… …… ……

For the topic without plot material, we can examine the topic in a rambling way: what do you think from the material? What people and things are similar to those in the materials? What do you want to say most? For example, the title of the composition of the college entrance examination in Jiangxi Province in 2005 is "Face". The face is the most expressive organ of human beings, and the characteristics of the face are almost human characteristics. It can not only depict the rich emotional image of human face, but also tell the vivid story of human face, and connect it with the profound social content and cultural implication of human face. Before writing a composition, we might as well think about "face", record everything you think, and then choose the most familiar and brilliant content for your composition.

Finally, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between topic composition and material composition. Both propositional forms will involve some materials. For example, in 2005, a story was quoted in the composition of Hengyang senior high school entrance examination: Zhang Yimou came to a small mountain village and asked the local villagers, "Do you want to play a movie? Who wants to, please stand up! " After asking several times in a row, the villagers were afraid to say anything. At this time, an ugly girl stood up and said, "I want to act!" " "Zhang Yimou asked her to sing, and she sang on the spot, twisting while singing, and everyone in the village laughed-she really didn't sing very well. However, Zhang Yimou chose her because she was the only one who dared to stand up. The examination paper requires candidates to write an article on the topic of "courage" or "confidence". As a topic composition, the interpretation of this story can only be carried out from the perspective of courage or self-confidence, but the writing of the article does not have to quote or contact this story (key point). However, if this is a composition topic, there can be more theme directions according to different interpretation angles of the material, such as: Why do others laugh at Wei Minzhi, and what other factors besides "self-confidence" or "courage" make Wei Minzhi famous, etc. This article should be written around the people and things in this story.

● Distinguish topics and set titles.

The third of the four strategies of college entrance examination proposition composition

In the usual composition training, students have written many topical compositions, and many of our usual composition topics are topical compositions, so students are no strangers to topical compositions. But in fact, some candidates really regard "colorful answers" as a proposition, which affects the expansion of ideas and is even confined to a corner. From beginning to end, it says "various answers" as an explanation or proof, and so on. This is caused by not mastering the difference between propositional composition and topic composition. Topical composition provides the scope of writing topics, and propositional composition provides composition topics. This tells us that the topic of the topic composition is different from the topic. Under this premise, in the process of topic composition writing, giving a good title to the article has become one of the problems we should consider.

The following is a selection of the topic "Choice of Mentality" in the 2002 National College Entrance Examination for your experience and reference.

1, directly reveal the theme of the article, such as: choose eternity/this is my choice, a lofty spiritual choice-talk about the beauty of tragedy, open your arms and choose fraternity;

2. Reflect the main contents of the article, such as: two fish, the choice before dawn, and a "death row" without regrets;

3. Enhance lyricism or use rhetorical devices to be unconventional, such as: listen to the bell of the heart, sing the moon if there is affection, and light the heart star;

4, give people thinking and fascinating, such as: the height of life, the trembling of the soul, the ownership of the soul;

5. Show the basic content or plot of the story, such as Maitreya's Law (Beijing Volume 2002);

6. New stories give people new feelings, such as: Peacock flying southeast, Zhao Jun's choice, Dongpo's choice;

7. Say something contradictory or different from common sense to win a surprise victory, such as: choose a cage, torture the soul, and choose a heart on the blade;

8. Point out the unique genre adopted in the article, such as a book advising Qu Yuan and a lawyer's diary.

Let's take a look at the full score composition topic of Hunan college entrance examination in 2005: the real paradise is like summer flowers, the fish and the eagle, who bend the water and keep the fragrance, go forward bravely and ride the wind and waves to surpass it. Here, we can see: First, the topic is bigger than the topic. Running experience is a big collection of symbols, and each title is in this big circle. Second, titles are more artistic than titles, and each title is more visual and artistic than titles. Because the content of the article is a small point in the big circle of topics, the title summarizes the content and theme of the article more appropriately than the topic.

Four strategies of topic composition in college entrance examination

A variety of ideas determine the style.

An important feature of topic composition is "openness", which is conducive to students with different ways of thinking and different control styles to give full play to their individuality and show their writing talents. For example, the 2002 Shanghai college entrance examination topic "Facing the Sea" can be written in four styles: expository, narrative, argumentative and practical. It can be written as "the tears of the sea tell the deep affection between mother and child on both sides of the Taiwan Strait" (narrative); You can express the advantages and disadvantages of the sea and your sincere concern for yourself in an anthropomorphic tone (explanatory text); Can comment on "the achievement of the sea, thus being extradited to the inheritance, promotion, perfection and development of human civilization and virtue" (argumentative paper); We can also use the sea as an intermediary to expand our imagination to a deeper and broader theme: literature like the sea, art like the sea, philosophy like the sea ... so that spiritual civilization and humanistic classics that permeate the human world can be displayed and embodied in the continuous innovation, inheritance, development and eternal sublimation of "literature like the sea, art like the sea"!

Generally speaking, when we determine what genre a topic should be written, there are two main directions. One is to verify the topic with the style of argumentative essay; The first is to interpret the connotation of the topic in narrative style. In addition to these two mainstream directions, if the topic permits, you can consider non-mainstream styles such as poetry, novels and prose, and you can also use alternative styles such as practical writing and classical Chinese. The general requirement is to be appropriate and not to write articles with narration and discussion. Oil is oil and water is water, so narrative and discussion cannot be organically and orderly combined; You can't write a narrative, and the discussion becomes a messy style; Or spend a lot of ink on arguments when writing argumentative essays, or even write long narratives to make factual arguments vivid. This style of "neither donkey nor horse" nor "four unlike" is unacceptable.

"Style self-selection" is not "style self-creation", but all kinds of existing styles with strict norms can be "selected", rather than making up their own styles at random; The essence of "unlimited style" is "limited style", that is, if you choose a certain style, you must obey the "restrictions" of style norms (including format and expression style, etc. ).

In the usual training, we should pay attention to mastering four basic styles, narrative, argumentative, expository and practical, and the stylistic norms of commonly used literary genres, and strengthen their application in composition. Try to make sure that your composition is not unclear. Specific to the examination room, we might as well list several styles of writing schemes before writing, and then decide our own writing ideas according to the topic materials at that time, the types of articles that we are good at and the contents that others are most likely to write, and find out the scheme that is central, rich in content and clear in structure, and best meets the requirements of the examination outline. Don't write exactly the same as others during the day.