1. Translation of ancient Chinese: Sun Tzu said: War is a deceitful way.

Sun Tzu said: War is a deceitful way. Therefore, when it is possible, it is shown that it cannot be used, when it is used, it is shown that it is not used, when it is close, it is shown that it is far away, and when it is far, it is shown that it is close. Lure them with profit, take them with chaos, prepare them with actual strength, avoid them with strength, anger them with anger, humiliate them with arrogance, work with them with loss, get close with them and separate them, attack them when they are unprepared, and surprise them. The victory of this military strategist cannot be passed down first

Translation: Using troops is a deceitful act. Therefore, if you can fight, pretend that you can't fight; if you want to fight, pretend that you don't want to fight. If you want to look near, pretend to be far away; if you want to look far away, pretend to be near. Give the enemy a small profit to lure it; force the enemy into chaos and then capture it. When the enemy is strong, we must guard against it; when the enemy is strong, we must avoid decisive battles. Use provocative methods to provoke the enemy and make them lose their minds; use humble words to express one's weakness and make the enemy proud. If the enemy is well rested, you must disturb it and make it tired; if the enemy is in harmony, you must try to drive a wedge between it and the enemy. Attacking the enemy's unprepared places and taking unexpected actions are the subtleties of military strategists' command and cannot be rigidly prescribed in advance. 2. Zeng Guofan’s famous sayings are translated into modern Chinese and I kneel down

Zeng Guofan wrote in a diary: Calm down and think carefully. There is no time limit for hundreds of millions of years in ancient and modern times. Life is only a few decades. In comparison, it is just a few years. For a short while; all things on the earth are boundless, and people are in it. They sleep, live, play, and rest. They only occupy a room during the day and a bed at night.

The books written by the ancients and the writings of modern people are vast, and what a person can read in his lifetime is only a drop in the bucket. Things in the world are ever-changing, and there are hundreds of ways to gain a good reputation. What a person can get by exerting all his talents in his life is as small as a grain of corn in a big warehouse.

If you know how long the sky is and how short you can experience, you can be patient for the time being when trouble comes, so that you can wait for it to calm down; you understand how vast the heaven and earth are and how much space you can occupy. If you are narrow, you will be able to give in and guard your female when encountering a situation of competing for glory and profit; if you know the vastness of ancient and modern books, but you have seen very little, you will not dare to be complacent with a little gain. Instead, you should think about choosing the good and follow it, and be disciplined and stick to it; knowing that things in the world are constantly changing, and you can do little, you should not dare to be proud of yourself just because of a little fame, but you should think about recommending talents so that the Communist Party can conspire. . In this way, the understanding of selfishness and complacency can be gradually avoided.

3. Classical Chinese translation of Tang Haiqiu's biography

Translation: Haiqiu's surname was Tang Mingpeng. He was a native of Yiyang, Hunan. He became a Jinshi in the third year of Daoguang.

At first, he served as the director of the Ministry of Etiquette. He was just twenty years old and was conceited about his talent. The article he wrote was profound and unique. Everyone was surprised by his talent and was transferred to Zhang Jing, a military aircraft.

He was appointed as the head of the household department, transferred to Guizhou Secretary Yuan Wai Lang, and promoted to Shandong Road Supervisory Censor. Tang Haiqiu worked in the Military Aircraft Department and was able to see memorials from all over the country. He also served in Hucao. He was familiar with official affairs, had a low mood, and had the ambition to take on important responsibilities in the world.

Every time I write a letter to a senior official, I often express various opinions. When he became the censor, he wrote three memorials in twenty days.

There was a clan official who was the minister of the clan who reprimanded a certain official. Others followed suit and criticized the official, so the emperor shelved the memorial of the minister. Hai Qiu believes that if an official makes a mistake, he should be handed over to the relevant department to deal with it, and he should not be insulted like a servant; if things go on like this, ministers will gradually develop a power of intimidation. If the treatment is too light, it will not be enough. It serves as a warning and cites old events from the Jiaqing period as evidence.

The emperor believed that Hai Qiu was not qualified for the duties of an official, so he dismissed his official position and asked him to return to the Ministry of Household Affairs to continue his position as Yuanwai Lang. At that time, Hai Qiu was planning to submit a memorial, and the article was very insightful.

But before he had time to submit the memorial, he was changed to an official position. Seeing that his ideas could not be adopted, he wrote angrily and wanted to reveal and state his ideas to the world. He wrote " Fuqiuzi) ninety-one chapters.

An article of several thousand words, discussing the ways of governing the country and other academic articles; there are sixteen volumes of "Ming Lin", which points out the gains and losses of the previous dynasties; "Supplementary Notes to the Seven Classics", which contains the meaning of the Xiaoming Classic; and "The First Draft of Zhi Xin Bi", which records There are many legends or facts.

All the works are open to people to see, but almost no one has seen "The First Draft of Zhi Xin Pen". Someone asked him (why he didn't show it to others), and he replied: "This is a book hidden in a stone room."

The British invasion caused trouble in the coastal provinces. The emperor gave the order twice, but with no results, and finally negotiated trade with Britain.

Hai Qiu was furious. He had no choice but to be deposed and could not give any advice to the court. However, he still submitted a written letter in separate articles. He talked about thirty things and forwarded it to the emperor through the minister. The minister in charge of the government said: "This is just a scholar's opinion!" Although the emperor summoned Hai Qiu, he didn't ask him anything. He just told him that I already knew.

At this time, Hai Qiu had been appointed as a doctor in Sichuan Province, but the imperial court did not examine him. Haiqiu felt depressed, and his poems were often full of sorrow, anger and sorrow.

Died in July of the 24th year. Year forty-four.

Hai Qiu has been writing articles since he was a child and has outstanding talent. When he first became a Jinshi, people rushed to recite his works, and paper was almost expensive in Luoyang.

Hai Qiu said: "These articles are not worth mentioning." Take the poetry from the Han, Wei, Six Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty and imitate it. It must be exactly the same and fully possess its physical characteristics. Thirty of them have been printed. Multiple volumes.

He also likes to write articles. He once said to his friends: "Some authors after the Han Dynasty are good at diction, but are not good at theory and current affairs; some are proficient in theory and current affairs, but they are not good at understanding current affairs. There is no literary talent; the only ones who have both are Lu Xuangong in the Tang Dynasty and Zhu Xi in the Song Dynasty. I want to follow the example of the ancients and aim at the two dukes."

This is his point of view. Yao Ying said: Some people rely on the closeness and nobility of the clan minister to make the people in court dare not breathe, but Hai Qiu dared to speak out about impeaching him, which shows his strong character.

He also interacted with Yihuang Huangshuzhai, Shexu Lianfeng and Hengfu through poetry. I still remember the scene when he came to visit me in prison, and after I was released from prison, he drank with everyone to celebrate me, went to Hengfu's funeral together, and reluctantly sent me out of the capital.

In the blink of an eye, life has been so ups and downs in the past twenty years. It hurts! Original text: Haiqiu Tang's name was Peng, a native of Yiyang, Hunan, and a Jinshi in the third year of Daoguang. When he first became the head of the Ministry of Rites, he was only twenty years old and he felt proud of himself.

Because of the uniqueness of his articles, the publics differed in their talents and were selected to join the military machine Zhang Jing. As the head of the Household Replenishment Department, he was transferred to Guizhou Division and promoted to the Supervisory Censor of Shandong Province.

When you are in the military plane, you can see the memorials from the world, and you have been appointed as a civil servant. Every time I write to a big official, I get a lot of discussion.

When he became the censor, he wrote three chapters in ten ten days. There was a clan minister who reprimanded and insulted the official, who criticized him, and the ministers discussed it.

You think that the fault of an official or court official should be paid to the official, and should not be humiliated by slaves. This official is a sign of prestige and fortune, and the officials will criticize him lightly, which is not enough to serve as a warning. He supports the story in Jiaqing to fight against him. The superior thought that he had nothing to say about his official appointment, so he returned to the household department.

And Junfang Caozuo has a lot to say. He changed his official position before he got to the top. Seeing that his words were useless, he wrote a large book, hoping to expose it to the world. He wrote ninety-one chapters of "Fu Qiu Zi".

Thousands of words in this chapter, it is a general discussion of the scholarship of Taoism; the sixteen volumes of "Ming Lin" refer to the gains and losses of the previous dynasties; "Supplement to the Seven Classics" explains the meaning of the classics; "The First Draft of Zhi Xin Bi" contains miscellaneous notes on what has been seen and heard. . All works have been shown to others, but "The First Draft of Zhi Xin Bi" has not been seen by many people.

Some people asked, "This is where the stone chamber is hidden." The British-Barbarian rebellion broke out, causing great disturbance in the coastal provinces.

The general was ordered to do nothing again, so he decided to Futong City. The king was so angry that he was deposed and was not allowed to speak further. The thirty things mentioned above were still reported to the minister.

The minister said: "The scholar has the ear!" Although the emperor was summoned, he didn't ask anything, he just reported what he heard. At that time, you had been promoted to a doctor in the Sichuan Division of your headquarters, and you were unable to take the imperial examination in Beijing.

You are feeling depressed, and many of your poems are filled with grief, anger and sorrow. He died in July of the 24th year.

Forty-four years old. You are a young writer and have a strange spirit.

When he first became a Jinshi, his craftsmanship was widely circulated, and his drafts were sold in stores several times. Jun said: "This is not enough for words."

Taking poetry from the Han, Wei, Six Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty to pursue and imitate it, we must seek for its similarity and prepare its style. More than thirty volumes have been published. He was also good at writing, so he once said to his friends: "Authors after the Han Dynasty may specialize in literary words, but lack of meaning and current affairs; or they may be refined in meaning and clear current affairs, but their words are poor and weak; the only ones who do this are Lu Xuangong of the Tang Dynasty and Zhu Zi'er of the Song Dynasty.

I wish there were ancient people on the verge of death, and I would like to return to the two princes." This is his argument.

Yao Yingying said: As the imperial clan minister is a relative and noble person, when the emperor holds his breath, and the emperor speaks out, he will also see the wind of bones. Jun also chased each other with poems from Yihuang Huangshuzhai, Shexu Lianfeng and Hengfu.

I still recall that you visited Yu in prison, and after he was released from prison, he bought wine with you to congratulate you, and also attended the funeral of Hengfu together, and sent Yu out of the capital with Yiyi. Over the past twenty years, I have been ups and downs and died like this. How sad! This article comes from Zeng Guofan's "Miscellaneous Notes of One Hundred Schools of Classics and History" during the Daoguang period. Expanded information writing background: "Miscellaneous Notes of One Hundred Schools of Classics and History" was published from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. It was widely circulated and influential in society, following Yao Yao This is another famous anthology of ancient Chinese prose after Nai's "Compilation of Ancient Chinese Ci".

The whole book is divided into treatises, poems, prefaces and postscripts, edicts, memorials, writings, and condolences. 4. Zeng Guofan’s classic quotations in classical Chinese. What are Zeng Guofan’s classic quotations in classical Chinese?

Zeng Guofan’s Six Precepts are must-read knowledge points. It can be said that if you understand Zeng Guofan's "Six Precepts" in life, you can learn his way of doing things.

1. The first commandment: Do not do things that are of short-term benefit, and do not go to areas where there is contention.

2. The first commandment: Do not do anything that is of short-term benefit, and do not go where there is a lot of competition.

3. The third commandment: Talking about others' shortcomings is to protect one's own shortcomings, and praising one's own strengths is to avoid others' strengths.

4. The fourth commandment: Profits can be overwhelming but not independent, and planning can be done with few but not with many.

5. The fifth commandment: The mediocre people of ancient and modern times are all defeated by the word "lazy", and the talented people in the world of ancient and modern times are all defeated by the word "arrogant".

6. The sixth commandment: When doing great things, knowledge should be the main thing and talent as a supplement; when doing great things, half of it is human planning and half of it is God's will. 5. What does "deception" mean

Interpretation guǐ dào deception (deception) 1. The art of deception. "Sun Tzu Ji": "The soldier is also deceitful." Cao Cao noted: " The army has no shape, and deceit is the way." "Three Kingdoms·Shu Zhi·Que Zhengzhuan": "Some may pretend to be true in order to hide the false, some may use evil to achieve glory, some may use deceit to achieve superiority, or some may use skills to be proud of themselves." Ming Qian Qi's "Qian Gongliang's Test Yu Chunfeng": "If we talk about success or failure, then all the successful deceitful ways in the world can be called evil!" Zhang Binglin's "Lou Shu·Annihilation of Soldiers": "As for the Ming Dynasty, scholar-bureaucrats He likes to talk about military affairs, but he says that he does not train, but likes to worship deceitful ways." 2. Bypass; shortcut. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty: Biography of Lu Zhi": "Zhi seeks to return home because of his old age and illness, and is afraid of disaster, so he follows the devious way. "New Book of Tang Dynasty: The Biography of Nineteen Daughters of the Great Ancestor": "Shao (Chai Shao) followed the deceitful way to Bingzhou." Volume 4 of "Jingzhai Ancient and Modern Column" written by Li Ye of the Yuan Dynasty: "Shi Le saved Luoyang, and he followed the deceitful way out of Gongzhou." "Zi Jian" is a treacherous path, which means it is not straight. "A treacherous path is also called a slant path, which is a shortcut." 6. Translation of "The Book of Commandments" by Zeng Guofan

I have been an official for more than thirty years, and my official position has reached the highest level. However, I have not achieved any academic achievements at all, and my morality is not commendable at all. As I get older, I will only feel sad, panic and ashamed. Now that I am about to say goodbye to you forever, I would like to teach you the following four things.

First, if a person is careful in his thoughts, words, and actions when alone, he can feel at ease and calm when dealing with the world. The most difficult thing about cultivating one's moral character, being a person, and learning is to cultivate one's heart. The most difficult thing to cultivate one's heart is to be careful in your thoughts, words, and actions when you are alone. If you can be careful in your thoughts, words, and actions when you are alone, you can have a clear conscience and be worthy of the questioning of the conscience of heaven and earth and the ghosts and gods.

Both Dayu and Mozi advocated being very frugal in personal life, and working very hard to make themselves well-clothed and well-fed. People who work hard live longer, and people who enjoy leisurely life have a shorter life. Hardworking people often participate in social labor, and their talents can be put to use. People who enjoy leisurely life will be eliminated by society because they never participate in social labor and have no talents. A person who works hard and works hard can create wealth for the society and bring benefits to others, so that the gods will admire his behavior. A person who is greedy for ease and enjoyment cannot create wealth for the society and bring benefits to others, so that the ghosts and gods Disgusted by his behavior.

These four rules are what I have accumulated from decades of life. You brothers, remember and fulfill them, and pass them on to your children and grandchildren. In this way, our Zeng family can prosper forever. , there are talents in every generation. 7. Full-text translation of extracurricular classical Chinese articles. Thank you for the full-text translation.

Li Yucang beats up Zeng Wenzhengzi

Li Yucang, who was born in the Han Army Banner, was generous and generous when he was young, and liked to establish unusual moral integrity. As a student, he traveled thousands of miles and arrived in Hunan to meet Zeng Guofan. Just when Zeng Guofan went to another place, Li Yucang saw Zeng Guofan's son. Zeng Guofan's son looked scornful because Li Yucang's clothes were shabby and dusty. Li Yucang stepped forward and beat him and said, "Your father is famous all over the world for his courtesy to scholars, but you are so contemptuous of them!" Zeng Guofan's son apologized to him and ended the matter. When Zeng Guofan came back, he felt that Li Yucang was unusual, so he stayed as a staff member, granted him an army, and recommended him to the counselor. He was dismissed because of the loss of Xinjiang.

Translated by myself, all typed by hand. 8. "Reading Answers and Translation of the Preface to the Collected Works of Zeng Guofan and Ouyang Sheng" The original text and translation of ancient poems

Author: Preface to the Collected Works of Ouyang Sheng. At the end of Zeng Guofan's Qianlong reign, Mr. Yao Jichuan of Tongcheng was good at writing ancient prose, and he imitated him. The ancestors of the village, Fang Wangxi's servant, were taught by Liu Jun Dakui and his father-in-law to compile the Jun Fan.

The third son was well versed in Confucianism and had great potential, and Mr. Yao became more refined in his skills. Changwei, a scholar of Zhou Yongnian in Licheng, said: "The best articles in the world can only be found in Tongcheng!" Therefore, many scholars returned to Tongcheng and were known as the "Tongcheng School", which was also called the Jiangxi Poetry School in previous generations.

Mr. Yao became the lecturer of Zhongshan Academy in his later years. His disciples include Guan Tongdezhi in Shangyuan, Mei Zengliang Boyan, Fangdong Shuzhi in Tongcheng, Yao Ying and Shifu. The four of them were called Gao Di's disciples, and each of them used what he earned to teach his disciples, often without interruption.

In Tongcheng, there is Dai Junheng who has been in the village for a long time. He is not listed as a disciple, but at the same time, there are Lu officials in Xincheng, Ji Jifei, and Wuxing and Wudexuan Zhonglun.

In the past, the feudal lords of the country had a strange taste for Mr. Yao who tried to test Hunan. However, no one from my hometown who came from his family followed him to study literature. Afterwards, Wu Minshu Nanping of Baling was obtained and described his skills, which he loved and never tire of. Yang Yi of Wuling, Zhen Xingnong, Shanhua Sun Dingchen, Zhifang, Xiangyin, Guosong, Tao Bochen, and Xupu Shutao Bolu also followed the Yao family's literary tradition. Otherwise, what else can you ask for? Finally, Ouyang was born in Xiangtan.

Sheng, the son of my friend Ouyang Zhaoxiong Xiaocen, received the teachings from Wu Jun of Baling and Guo Jun of Xiangyin, and also taught Erchen in Xincheng. There are many people who gradually develop their talents, and their interests, hobbies, and the beauty of the world cannot be easily changed by the Yao family in Tongcheng.

In the middle of Qianlong's reign, some of the leading Confucian scholars in the country advocated great learning, often called circumstantial evidence, and evaluated a single word. They accumulated thousands of words and couldn't stop. They set up a unique ambition, which was called "Hanxue" and deeply regarded it. The theories of justice and principles of the Song Dynasty philosophers are considered insufficient to survive. It is a miscellaneous and sparse text.

Mr. Yao stood alone and believed that theory, textual research, and rhetoric should not be neglected. The principle must be the foundation, and then the text will be attached, and the textual research will be included. Within the first volume, this is the only reason why it is particularly cautious.

At that time, he was isolated and helpless. It has been passed down for fifty or sixty years, and modern students have recited his articles and adopted his teachings. The Tao's decline and rise have its own timing, so what's the fate of it? Ouyang was born with a famous name, named Zihe, and died in March of the fifth year of Xianfeng. He was in his twenties.

His writing is like poetry, clear and careful, with a fondness for reciprocation, but sometimes with a hint of chaos and separation.

Zhuang Zhouyun said: "I am happy when I hear the sound of someone's feet. What's more, Kundi's relatives are shouting at him!" It has been a long time since I heard the elders in Tongcheng. That’s all! Therefore, this is a preface to express Xiaocen's sadness and to see how the article has changed in the world, so that future generations can examine it.

[Note] ①Zhi, the same as "Zen", teaches. ②跫(qióng)ran: describes the sound of footsteps.

③欦欬 (qǐng kài): the sound of coughing, which is extended to talking and laughing. 5. The incorrect interpretation of the punctuated words in the following sentences is ( ) (3 points) A. The person with the sect under the sect: refers to the disciple B. He is not listed as a disciple, but at the same time he is a disciple: he sincerely admires C. The leading scholar in the world Abnormal: deformed D. Deep rejection of the theories of the Song Dynasty philosophers: exclusion 6. Among the following sets of sentences, the one with the same meaning and usage of the highlighted words is ( ) (3 points) A. Shanwei ancient prose Zhou Yongnian of Licheng wrote Changwei's words: B. The best articles in the world are in Tongcheng! He thought he was upholding the righteousness of his town. C. He who entered the rest of the country later did not hear the complaints of the elders in Tongcheng for a long time. D. Each of them used his income to teach his disciples and friends, but they did not hear each other and followed each other to study literature. 7. In each of the following sets of sentences , the group that can all express Yao Ding's "high academic achievement" is ( ) (3 points) ①Mr. Yao Jichuan of Tongcheng, good at ancient Chinese diction ②Each one teaches his disciples what they have earned, often incessantly ③Describes his skills with sincerity Never tire of it ④Mr. Yao stood out against all opinions and believed that theory, textual research, and diction should not be neglected. ⑤I was isolated and helpless at that time. It has been passed down for fifty or sixty years⑥The article has changed with the world, so that future generations can study it. Yan.

A.①③④ B.②④⑥ C.①③⑤ D.②④⑤ 8. In the following analysis and summary of the relevant content of the original text, one of the incorrect ones is ( ) (3 points) A. The representative of the Tongcheng faction is mentioned in the article , especially Yao Ding, showed reverence and further affirmed Yao Ding's literary thought of "theory, textual research, and diction should not be neglected". B. The author was once surprised that no one in Hunan studied Yao Ding's articles. Later he learned that some people liked and studied Yao Ding, and the best among them was Ouyang Xun, the son of the author's friend.

C. Although the article is a preface to the collected works of Ouyang Sheng, it does not write much about the collection. It mainly introduces the evolution, development, spread and main members of the Tongcheng School after Yao Ding. D. The article points out the reasons why the Tongcheng School is continuous and vital, publicizes the thoughts of the Tongcheng School, and reveals the objective laws of literary development, which is of great practical significance.

9. Translate the underlined sentences in the text into modern Chinese. (10 points) (1) The beauty of the world cannot be easily achieved by the Yao family in Tongcheng.

(4 points) (2) One word of assessment can last thousands of words. (3 points) (3) When observing life, it is not just the sound of the feet! (3 points).