Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky (Russian: Константин Эдуардович Циолковский, Polish: Konstanty Cio?kowski, September 17, 1857 – September 1935 19th).

Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky was a Russian and Soviet rocket expert and aerospace pioneer who spent most of his life in his home in Kalu, south of Moscow Spend time in a wooden house in the countryside.

Life

Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky was born in a middle-class family in Ryazan Oblast, south of Moscow. His father was Polish. His mother is Russian. Because he suffered from scarlet fever in his childhood and had poor hearing, he was unable to enter higher education. He studied at home until he was 16 years old. During his self-study period, he went to the Moscow library every day to study. Later, he took the middle school teacher qualification examination. People were very fond of him. He was amazed by his mathematical ability and said with a smile: "Books are my teachers!"

Later he became a middle school mathematics teacher until his retirement in 1920. Tsiolkovsky studied many aspects of the theory of space navigation and rocket propulsion, so he is considered the father of human space navigation. In 1895, he visited Paris and was inspired by the newly built Eiffel Tower. He was the first person to propose the ladder theory.

His most famous work is "Exploration of Space by Reaction Facilities" published in 1903, which was the first paper to theoretically demonstrate the role of rockets. Tsiolkovsky calculated that the escape velocity into Earth orbit is 8 kilometers per second. A multi-stage rocket using liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen as fuel can reach this speed.

Tsiolkovsky published more than 500 books on space navigation during his lifetime, including some science fiction works. He also designed the rocket's azimuth control thruster, multi-stage starter, space station and sealed compartment, as well as a sealed ecological cycle system that provides oxygen and food. But unfortunately his theory could not become a reality in old Russia. His writings influenced the aerospace industry throughout Europe and the United States.

Tsiolkovsky also studied aircraft in the atmosphere at that time. His calculations achieved the same results as the Wright brothers, but he failed to produce actual samples.

Friedrich Zander, the father of Soviet rocketry, admired Tsiolkovsky’s works. He established the first Astronautical Society in the Soviet Union in 1924 and elected Tsiolkovsky on August 23. Erkovsky was the first professor of the Military Aviation Academy. The Soviet Union built the OR-1 liquid-fuel-propelled rocket in 1930 and the OR-2 in 1933.

In 1929, Tsiolkovsky proposed the idea of ??a multi-stage rocket in his book "Space Navigation". The basic formula for rocket propulsion calculations is named after him. He also believes in the idea of ??colonizing extraterrestrial planets, proposed by philosopher Nikolay Fedorov, as a way to perpetuate human existence.

There is now an aerospace museum named after him in Kaluga; there is a crater named after him on the moon, and an asteroid (No. 1590) is also named after him.

Extended information:

Main achievements

He has authored more than 400 works, including approximately 90 publications on space travel and related subjects. His work involves the design of rockets, steering thrusters, multi-stage superchargers, space stations, airlocks used to introduce spacecraft into the vacuum of space, and closed-cycle biological systems that provide food and oxygen to space colonies.

In 1883, Tsiolkovsky formally proposed the use of reaction devices as propulsion power for space travel tools in a paper titled "Free Space". The qualitative explanation is: the theoretical basis of rocket motion is Newton's third law and the law of energy conservation.

These ideas were further developed in the science fiction novel "On the Moon" published in 1893 and "Earth-Moon Phenomena and the Effect of Gravitation" written in 1895. In 1896, he began to theoretically study issues related to interstellar navigation, further clarifying that only rockets could achieve this goal. In 1897, he derived the famous equations of rocket motion.

Tsiolkovsky's Spacecraft Design Appearance, published in 1903, is the basis for modern spacecraft design. The design has a hull divided into 3 main parts. The pilot and co-pilot have the liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen needed to fuel the spacecraft in sections one, two and three.

On the basis of these works, Tsiolkovsky completed the classic research paper on astronautics "Study of Space with Jet Tools" in 1898. Then, he published the classic research paper "Study of Space with Jet Tools" in 1910 and 1911. He published several papers on rocket theory and space flight in Scientific Reports in 1912 and 1914. These outstanding works systematically established the theoretical foundation of aerospace science.

After conducting some research on the theory of rocket motion, Tsiolkovsky conducted research and prospects on the issue of interstellar navigation.

In a paper published in 1911, he described in detail the entire process of a manned spacecraft from launch to orbit;

The content covered the spectacular scene when the spacecraft took off, and the impact of overweight and weightlessness on astronauts. , the strange behavior of objects in a state of weightlessness, the charming landscape of the earth and the sky when viewed from different heights. Reading his works feels like a spaceship landing in person.

Friedrich Zander, the father of Soviet rocketry, highly admired Tsiolkovsky’s works and established the first Astronautical Society in the Soviet Union in 1924. Olkovsky was the first professor of the Military Aviation Academy. The Soviet Union built the OR-1 liquid-fuel-propelled rocket in 1930 and the OR-2 in 1933.

In 1929, Tsiolkovsky proposed the idea of ??a multi-stage rocket in his book "Space Navigation". The basic formula for rocket propulsion calculations is named after him. He also believes in the idea of ??colonizing extraterrestrial planets, proposed by philosopher Nikolai Fedorov, as a way to perpetuate human existence.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia - Konstantin Tsiolkovsky