Because the Second World War has just ended, during this period, despite serious differences and conflicts, both sides tried their best to avoid the outbreak of a large-scale world war. Their confrontation is usually carried out by "cold" means such as local proxy war, scientific and technological arms race and diplomatic competition, that is, "mutual containment without resorting to force", so it is called "Cold War". 1947- 199 1 period, the two camps of western capitalist countries headed by the United States and socialist countries headed by the Soviet Union were in a state of confrontation in economic, political, military, diplomatic, cultural and ideological aspects. 1959 world cold war pattern The word "cold war" was first used by American political critic swope in a speech drafted for Senator baruch. After World War II, the United States adopted a hostile and containment policy toward the Soviet Union and other socialist countries, so baruch said, "The United States is in the cold war." . The words "Cold War" and "Iron Curtain" are both very popular. It shows that the United States and the Soviet Union are in a state of confrontation in economic, political, military, diplomatic, cultural and ideological aspects except direct war. The word prologue originated in April 1947. Bernard? 6? Baruch's speech in Columbia, South Carolina. In addition, Churchill visited the United States in 1946, during which he delivered a famous iron curtain speech: "From Szczecin on the Baltic Sea to Trieste on the Adriatic Sea, an iron curtain across the European continent has been pulled down." Indirectly indicates the beginning of the cold war. The dark clouds of the Second World War were swept away, and the curtain of the Cold War slowly opened from the ruins of bricks and tiles. The two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, have never really lived in peace since they lifted the threat of jointly confronting the Nazis. As soon as Hitler fell, the two sides launched an all-round competition, trying to control the whole world with their influence. Different from previous wars, both sides provoked indirect war confrontation in other countries to avoid direct fighting conflicts between them. Both sides don't want to provoke each other to go to war directly, because it means all-out nuclear war-the danger of human destruction, and on this premise, the two sides formed a cold war situation. Even during the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union actively sought various ways to compete with each other. One of the most daunting is the arms race, in which the two sides have accumulated enough nuclear warheads for each other to destroy hundreds of times and expanded the scope of nuclear bombs into space. Both sides are planning and implementing espionage activities against each other all the time. The only positive consequence of the space race is to promote the development of the space industry. The Soviets sailed in space for the first time, while the Americans seized the opportunity to land on the moon. In order to accomplish the great cause of manned space flight, both sides are constantly developing and applying the latest scientific and technological achievements. The war changed the model of military alliance. Americans and western European countries form the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). As a confrontation, the Soviet Union brought together most eastern European countries and jointly established the Warsaw Treaty Organization, a common defense entity. If any member of these two organizations is attacked, it will be regarded as a provocation to the whole organization, and all members of the organization will immediately launch the most severe counterattack against the challenging country. Although the real all-out war between the United States and the Soviet Union has never broken out, several wars have been imminent. The most dangerous one was the Cuban missile crisis. The Americans found that the Soviets were building a nuclear missile base in Cuba-only 90 miles from the mainland of the United States. To make matters worse, more nuclear bombs were shipped here. At that time, President Kennedy of the United States reached a diplomatic understanding with the Soviet Union with decisive actions, which prompted the Soviet Union to withdraw its missile base from Cuba, and the missile crisis was lifted. In the end, the economic development of the United States finally defeated the manpower advantage of the Soviet Union. Communism was a complete failure in the Soviet Union-even before the disintegration of the Soviet Union, many countries in the former communist camp had abandoned their beliefs. The former Warsaw Pact has long been nowhere to be found, but NATO has been active to this day, absorbing many members of the former Soviet camp to join it. After the war, the conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States' strategic goals and interests, and the rising contradiction between socialism and capitalism in the Cold War led to the Cold War. The proposal of Truman Doctrine marks the all-round development of the Soviet-American Cold War. The confrontation between Marshall Plan and Molov Plan was the beginning of the Cold War in the economic field, and the emergence of Korea and Germany was the product of World War II and the Cold War. The Eastern Group, NATO and the Warsaw Pact, the two major military groups of the capitalist camp headed by the United States and the Soviet Union, launched a comprehensive and tense confrontation and confrontation. During World War II, although the United States and the Soviet Union had their own plans for wartime interests and post-war arrangements, they still obeyed the common primary strategic goal of defeating and destroying fascism, and their relationship was an alliance. The end of the war is a major change in the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union. The common enemy of the United States and the Soviet Union was defeated, and the common strategic goal in wartime was realized, which was followed by the fundamental conflict between the strategic goal and strategic significance of the US-Soviet strategic concept. After World War II, the overall strategic goal of the United States is to dominate the world. Before the end of World War II, Roosevelt had conceived a blueprint for the post-war world. His main strategic idea is the cooperation between big countries, especially the cooperation between the United States and the Soviet Union. At the same time, he arranged the post-war world and jointly maintained the post-war world order, but the United States must be the boss and dominate the world. After Truman took office as president of the United States, relying on the status of the United States as the world's number one power, he publicly declared that he would "lead the world" and pursued this goal by implementing hegemonic policies and means. The Soviet Union is the main obstacle for the United States to dominate the world, and the Truman administration's policy toward the Soviet Union has become increasingly tough. Its strategic thinking is to abandon the cooperation between the United States and the Soviet Union, engage in missile threats, engage in dollar diplomacy at the same time, control other capitalist countries by hegemonic political, economic and military means, compete for Asia, Africa and Latin America, put pressure on socialist countries in Eastern Europe and East Asia, contain the Soviet Union and dominate the world. The strategic conception of American strategic goal is to serve American strategic interests. The American monopoly bourgeoisie demands to ensure the economic interests of "the world is the best", which is the most important strategic interest of the United States after the war. In the early postwar period, it was obvious that the United States needed to make maximum use of its production capacity, a large number of products and a large amount of funds far exceeding domestic demand to open up overseas markets and investment markets. The United States needs to rely on its own economic reality and military strength to maintain its position as the number one power and strive to dominate the world. The overall strategic goal of the Soviet Union in the early postwar period was to ensure the status and sphere of influence of a first-class power, develop and strengthen the world socialist system headed by the Soviet Union, and promote the world revolution. Its main strategic conception is to maintain the Yalta system dominated by the United States and the Soviet Union, consolidate the strategic interests and sphere of influence gained by the Soviet Union in World War II, establish a barrier to ensure the security of the Soviet Union, including Eastern Europe, enhance the national strength of the Soviet Union, expand its influence, and promote and lead the world revolution. Ensuring the economic recovery and development of the Soviet Union and striving for ideological victory are its strategic interests, but the most important thing is the security interests of the Soviet Union. One view holds that "the totalitarianism of the Soviet Union, the expansion of communist ideology and Stalin's paranoia" are the roots of the Cold War; Another view is that both the United States and the Soviet Union should be responsible for the emergence of the Cold War. In fact, both the United States and the Soviet Union want to "lead the world". The United States wants to dominate the world, and the Soviet Union will never allow the United States to dominate the world at will. The United States wants to turn Eastern Europe into a so-called "free world", and the Soviet Union will never allow the United States to intervene in the Soviet sphere of influence. The United States should care about and expand its economic interests, while the Soviet Union should worry about and safeguard its security interests. The United States wants to promote capitalism all over the world, including American values and lifestyles; The Soviet Union wants to promote socialism all over the world, including the proletarian revolution and the national liberation movement. Both the United States and the Soviet Union believe that direct war between the two sides must be avoided just after World War II. However, the conflict between their strategic goals, strategic ideas and strategic interests, and the opposition between socialism and capitalism will inevitably lead to the former allies turning against each other. Therefore, the cold war is inevitable. This is the root of the cold war. The Truman administration took an offensive in the strategic situation and formulated and implemented the cold war policy to contain the Soviet Union, which was the direct cause of the cold war. One of the most famous is18,000-word telegram written by George Kennan, the American embassy in the Soviet Union, on February 22nd, 946, which clearly put forward the strategic theory of containing the Soviet Union. Then in September, Clark, special adviser to the President of the United States, submitted a report entitled "US-Soviet Relations" to Truman, arguing that the United States should be prepared to unite with Britain and other western countries, strive to build its imaginary world and unite all anti-Soviet forces. These countries can get economic assistance and political support from the United States. These strategic theories about containing the Soviet Union were adopted by American decision-makers and became the theoretical basis of American cold war policy. Later, in March, 1947, 12, Truman delivered a speech at the joint meeting of the two houses of Congress in the United States, claiming that all countries in the world today are faced with two different lifestyle choices, one is a free system based on the will of the majority, and the other is a totalitarian regime based on the will of the majority. American policies must support those who resist the armed minority in free countries. He stressed: "No matter where, whether direct or indirect aggression threatens peace, it is related to the security of the United States." The publication of Truman's State of the Union address marked the putting forward of Truman Doctrine. This is the first foreign strategy and security strategy of the United States with a global strategic nature, and it is a major turning point in American foreign policy. However, just after World War II, the people of the world who suffered from the war longed for peace, and the United States did not dare to launch a war rashly. Thus, the United States has established a containment strategy of avoiding hot wars, containing communism and stabilizing capitalism with the Cold War. Truman Doctrine is essentially a global expansionism in which the United States openly opposed communism in the early postwar period, trying to contain the Soviet Union and dominate the world. It also marks the rupture of the US-Soviet alliance and the full beginning of the Cold War between the US and the Soviet Union.