chapter one

At the age of twelve, Paul? Kochakin left school. Because when he made up the exam, he sprinkled ash on the dough of the Easter cake made by Father Vasily. As a last resort, Paul followed his mother to work in the station canteen. Here, he was sent to the washing workshop by his boss, responsible for some rough and dirty work such as burning tea stoves, cleaning knives and forks and pouring dirty water.

During his working days in the canteen, Paul was oppressed by his boss and saw the hardships and poverty of people living at the bottom of society. He hated those rich people who lived in luxury. Before long, his brother Aerjiaom got him a job in a power plant, and Paul left the canteen.

chapter two

The news came that the tsar was overthrown. But the life of the people in the town hasn't changed much, but there are more and more soldiers called Bolsheviks here.

Some changes have taken place in the town, and some rich people have escaped. Red Army soldiers appeared, and citizens in the town got guns issued by the Red Army. Soon, the Red Army retreated and the Germans came in. They demanded that citizens surrender their guns. The rich man is back.

Paul met Zhu, the assembler, and they became good friends. Zhu Jiaobao fights boxing and often tells him some revolutionary truths. Paul hid the stolen gun in the yard, but the Germans didn't find it when they searched.

chapter three

When Paul was fishing by the lake, he met tonya, the daughter of a forestry official. She didn't laugh and insult Paul like other rich children, and they soon met.

The workers at the station just stopped working. When they were forced to drive, Aerjiaom and three other workers killed a German for their own safety and that of other rebels, and then jumped out of the car and fled to the countryside. But their families can't find them.

Tonia was reading by the lake and saw Paul swimming. They chatted together and became friends. In order to support himself and his mother, Paul bought a new suit and got a job of sawing wood. Paul's new image surprised tonia.

chapter four

Tonia wrote to Tania and poured out his heart.

The only theater in the city held a grand party, and many nobles from petrella attended it. Paul was taken to generate electricity. Pavliuc broke in when the dance was busy, because the music and Golub got into a fight. The venue was a mess.

Rumors of "burning, killing and plundering Jews" spread like wildfire in the city, causing many people to panic. Selyosha and others discussed the location and method of hiding. On the third day after the conflict between golub and Pavliuc, the atrocities of killing Jews began. Many people were killed and destroyed during the terrible three days and two nights. But only a few people resisted.

chapter five

One night, Zhu hid in Paul's house to avoid a surprise attack. In Paul's home, Zhu told Paul many revolutionary truths. Paul knows the truth of life, and he also knows that Zhu is a producer.

During these eight days, Zhu always went out at night and didn't come back until late at night. One night, Zhu He came out and didn't come back. Paul inquired about Zhu's whereabouts in the street and recalled the quarrel with tonya. When he saw Zhu being escorted by a soldier, he decisively caught the escort and saved Zhu. That night, Zhu left the town, but Paul was condemned by Victor, and then he was arrested in the Yugoslav capital headquarters.

Chapter vi

When Danthony learned that Paul had been taken away, she was very worried and looked for him everywhere.

The leader of the Petrella gang is coming to the town to review the troops, and the town is busy making preparations. Colonel Zenek didn't want the leaders to see that there were too many prisoners in the prison, so he let Paul and others out. Paul left the prison, but he had nowhere to go, so he ran aimlessly and came to tonya's garden unconsciously. The barking of dogs alarmed tonya. When she recognized Paul, she was very excited and left him at home. Paul got a rest at his home in tonya, but he didn't want to involve tonya, so he insisted on leaving his home in tonya. They agreed not to forget each other.

Chapter VII

The Soviet regime was established, the local committee of the Ukrainian Youth League was established, and the Red Army captured the small town of Shebetovka. Despite his mother's obstruction, Seryosha joined the Red Army and became a Bolshevik. He is a member of the Youth League and secretary of the Youth League Committee. He also organized his partners and sisters to join the Youth League. But at the meeting, only one person joined the organization. Xie brought some frustration and others encouraged him.

Paul hurt his leg. He wrote a letter when he was in hospital. When Xie took Rita to the lake, they met Togna and showed her the letter. Seryosha and Rita chatted together and practiced marksmanship.

After Lida left, Seryosha was very sad.

Chapter VIII

Paul joined the cavalry in budyonny. He fought bravely with thousands of soldiers. In zhitomir, cavalry rescued more than 7000 revolutionaries from prison. Samuel described this tragic event in Shchepetov Card: many Red Army soldiers were betrayed by traitors and almost all died in the end.

Budyonny's cavalry kept attacking and launched a fierce charge on Bo Jun, giving the enemy one heavy blow after another and destroying the entire rear of Bo Jun.

One day, when the brigade commander sent Paul to the armored train at the station to deliver official documents, he also met Aerjiaom. Later, I heard that the teacher was killed, and Paul went into battle again, but he was injured himself.

Chapter 9

Paul regained consciousness, but his right eye was blind, so he couldn't go to the front again. Paul and tonya stayed at Blanche's house after discharge. He invited tonia to attend the youth league meeting in the city. At the meeting, Paul quarreled with tonya because of her dress and contemptuous and provocative eyes, and they finally broke up.

Later, Paul took part in the work of eliminating counterrevolutionaries. The intense and heavy work affected Paul's health, so he went to the railway factory as the Communist Youth League Secretary.

Paul was expelled from the provincial Committee with four other comrades for a speech. Later, he returned to the party team, spoke at the conference, and got back together with Ivan.

Chapter 10

The provincial party Committee sent Lida as a representative to attend a county league congress and asked Paul to assist in the work. The station was very crowded. Paul squeezed into the carriage first, then opened the window and pulled Rita in through it.

A riot is brewing in this city. That night, Zhu He led 300 comrades to quell the riot. The Solomonka Brigade lost five people, and the Committee for the Elimination of Counterrevolutionaries sacrificed an old Bolshevik. On the same night, Father Vassili, his two daughters and all their associates were arrested in Shchepetov, and a storm subsided.

But railway transportation will soon be paralyzed. Now, everything depends on food and firewood.

Bankruptcy reorganization protection

In order to supply urban timber, a railway will be built in three months. So Paul and the Communist Youth League were transferred to repair the railway.

The working conditions of the road construction team are very difficult, and the harassment, illness and hunger of armed bandits also threaten Paul and his comrades. Paul worked so hard that his boots were rotten. In the cold winter, people still work hard in the ice and snow. The workers vowed to finish the railway on time. Once at the station, Paul also met tonya.

The railway was finally completed as scheduled, and Zhu was deeply moved by their revolutionary enthusiasm, saying that "this is how steel is tempered". He also gave Paul a gun. But not long after, Paul became ill.

Chapter XII

Paul was injured at home, went to visit Aerjiaom, and went to the square in front of the prison to mourn the sacrifice of the Red Army. Then Paul went to another city to find his comrades. But many people left, and finally he only found pankratov. He and his family hated being surprised when they saw Paul. He also told Paul all kinds of things that happened in the past four months.

The next day, Paul went to the Communist Youth League Committee to resume his membership and spoke at the conference. Then Paul went back to work in the power plant. He also quarreled with Cvita's husband because Fichin broke the electric drill. But in the end, the two reached an agreement.

At work, Paul met his former neighbor. In the evening, Paul also killed a robber.

Chapter 13

Paul visited the border with the battalion commander and went to Berezdorf together. He announced that he would never smoke or swear in the future. Later, he got sick, left the factory and went home. After his illness, he took on the political work of local armed forces and calmed a fight.

* * * Border villages set up youth league branches one by one. Paul, Rita and the cadres of the Communist Youth League Committee encouraged many young people to join the League. Later, Paul was elected as the director of the Committee to celebrate the October Revolution Festival in border villages. He also took part in the exercise with a leg injury.

Paul knows from Rita's official letter that he has become the official party member of the * * * production party and can serve as an important youth league work.

Chapter 14

Paul resolutely fought against all kinds of bad styles in his work and became an opponent of his comrade-in-arms Du Bawa. He was very sad and strongly criticized at the meeting, but the people in the audience kept booing and dragged Paul into the water. But some people have woken up. Pankratov also made a speech to encourage other party member, which strengthened everyone's determination, but Du Bawa still left.

Lenin died, and his death prompted hundreds of thousands of workers to join the Bolshevik Party. Many industrial workers dealing with steel and engine oil spoke at the conference, hoping to join the * * * production party. Aerjiaom is one of them. He told his own experience and joined the party unanimously.

Chapter 15

Rita met Paul at the All-Russian Congress, and they were very happy to see each other. Paul told Anna about what happened when he persuaded Du Bawa to return to the league, and explained that his friendship with Rita was interrupted a few years ago because he handled things in the way of the protagonist in The Gadfly.

Paul was very angry because he heard the complaints of the female league members and Ferro's own behavior, and he hit Ferro. The two men had a big fight in court. Later, Faylo was expelled from the party and Paul was acquitted.

Paul's health is getting worse. His central nervous system has been seriously damaged and he has been approved to recuperate at the seaside. He came to the seaside and began to recuperate.

Chapter 16

While recuperating at the seaside, Paul met Dora in a conversation. Paul went to the hotel, where he met Zaki again. They held a meeting together in Paul's room.

The next day they went to another city, but there was an accident on the way. So Paul was admitted to the hospital again. According to his mother's letter, Paul left the hospital and went to Aribi? Chuham's home There, he met Daya and Liao. And sympathize with their families. When he left, he promised the two sisters to help them escape from the cage.

Paul came to the Central Committee, but he couldn't go back to work. Although Achim promised to find him a job, Paul went to the south.

Chapter 17

Paul went to Chukam's house for the second time. Paul knew that he was getting worse and wanted to commit suicide, but he held back. Paul went back to his residence and talked to Daya, trying to get Daya to leave home and marry him. Daya thought about it and agreed.

Paul wrote to his brother, Aerjiaom, about his situation. Life is the same as before. Daya works and Paul studies. Soon after, Paul was paralyzed in both legs. Now only the right hand can move. He wants to divorce Dai Ya. But Daya didn't agree. Mother knew that Paul had suffered new misfortune and came to take care of him.

Daya was elected as a member of the city Soviet. But Paul's situation continues to develop. He is blind.

Chapter 18

Paul was hospitalized again. After an operation, he decided to fight again through literature. Daya became the official party member. Paul applied to live in Moscow. With the support of his wife and mother, Paul began to write the novel The Son of the Storm. My friend read the manuscript and said he wrote it well. Paul has a secretary, Galia.

After Paul wrote the letter, his mother sent the parcel to the post office. After a long wait, a telegram from the State Council wrote: This novel is highly appreciated and will be published soon. Congratulations on its success.

Paul's wish for many years has finally come true. He picked up a new weapon, returned to the battle and started a new life.

Appreciate:

How the Steel Was Tempered

Author: (former Soviet Union) ostrovsky

Completion time: 1933.

Features: It is the best novel in the Soviet proletarian revolutionary literature in the 1930s, and successfully shaped Paul? Kochakin, proletarian hero.

abstract

Paul. Kochajin, who was born in a poor railway worker's family, lost his father in his early years and relied on his mother to wash clothes for others to support his family. As an apprentice, he was insulted by the priest and oppressed by the boss since he was a child. He hates the rich people who spend money around him, and hates the extravagant life of bosses and diners.

After the outbreak of the October Revolution, imperialism and reactionaries quickly joined forces in an attempt to strangle the nascent Soviet regime. Like other places, Paul's hometown, Shebetovka, Ukraine, has experienced many years of foreign armed intervention and civil war. First came the invasion of France, then the armed intervention of Poland, and the counter-revolutionary riots of Petriura and Cossack bandits at home.

The Red Army liberated the town of Shebetovka, but soon retreated, leaving only the old Bolshevik Hezhu to do underground work in the town. When He Zhu came to Paul's house, he told him many truths about revolution, working class and class struggle. Zhu's inspiration and education played a decisive role in Paul's ideological growth.

Paul met tonya, the daughter of a forestry official, while fishing.

Unfortunately, Zhu was caught by the white bandits and rescued by Paul on the way. However, Paul was betrayed by Victor and imprisoned by white robbers. In prison, Paul was tortured but indomitable. A second-class officer mistakenly released Paul as an ordinary criminal in order to welcome Petriu, the leader of the White Bandit, to visit the town. Coming out of Paul's pot, he jumped into tonya's garden in desperation. Tonia likes his "enthusiasm and stubbornness" character, because Paul saved Niya in the last fishing trip, and Paul also thinks that tonya is "different from other rich girls". This time Paul hid in tonya's house for a few days, and they fell in love. Later, tonya found Paul's brother Arqing, who sent his brother to Khartoum to join the Red Army.

Paul worked as a scout after joining the army and later became a cavalry. Paul killed the enemy bravely in the battle, and was also an excellent Communist Youth League member and an excellent political propagandist. Paul likes reading very much, especially the Gadfly and Spartacus. Whenever he has time, he reads aloud or tells stories to soldiers. In a fierce battle, Paul was seriously injured in the head, but he overcame his death with tenacious perseverance.

After leaving the hospital, Paul stayed with a relative in Togna. Paul's body can't go back to the front, and he immediately threw himself into all kinds of hard work in the local area. He works in the league, eliminates counter-revolutionaries and directly takes part in hard manual labor. In the railway construction, Paul showed a high degree of political enthusiasm and selfless labor attitude. The work of railway construction is extremely difficult: autumn rain, mud, heavy snow, frozen soil, lack of clothes and food, open-air accommodation, harassment by armed bandits and the threat of disease. At this time, Zhu He, who has been promoted to be a member of the provincial party committee, saw their enthusiasm for work and said with emotion, "They are really priceless. This is how steel is made. "

When Togna lived with relatives, Paul and Togna had a rift. Paul can't stand tonya's vulgar individualism more and more, and the breakdown of feelings is inevitable. While building the railway, Paul met tonya again. At this time, she had married another rich engineer.

When Paul was the secretary of the Youth League Committee in the railway factory, he had frequent contact with Lida, a member of the Youth League Committee, and they gradually developed feelings. However, when Lida's brother came to see Lida, Paul misunderstood that his brother was Lida's lover and missed the opportunity to fall in love with Lida.

At the end of the road construction work, Paul caught typhoid fever and caused pneumonia. Organizationally, he had to be sent back to his hometown to recuperate. The news of Paul's death was heard halfway.

Paul is not dead. When he appeared on the podium of the Youth League activists' conference, the whole audience was stirred up. He said calmly, "The country is reviving and everything is full of vitality. Can I die? " However, he still realized that "illness may end his life at any time." He asked to take part in the battle again. He came to the border town of Bezdov as a military member of the militia brigade and rode horses near the border with border guards. He always silently helps the factory trade union to solve one problem after another. He led the league members to fight against unhealthy trends such as laziness, relaxation, bureaucracy and corruption. When the flood flooded, he jumped into the icy Dnieper River and robbed the state property without knowing that he was sick ... As long as his heart was still beating, he would not stop fighting. However, the frozen water awakened the disease sleeping in the blood, and he fell down again. In the sanatorium, when he heard Trotsky attacking the Party, he resolutely left the hospital and returned to his combat post, and launched a counterattack against these guys who bared their teeth. He was defeated, but his blood awakened many young people, and everyone United around the party and crushed the trotskyite attack. Even when he was paralyzed and bedridden, Paul did not forget to work for the motherland and the people. He wants his life to play all the roles.

theme

How Steel was Tempered is an autobiographical novel. The prototype of the protagonist Paul Kochakin is the author himself. The book describes the experience of the first generation of Soviet youth under the leadership of the Bolshevik Party after the October Revolution, struggling tenaciously with domestic and foreign enemies and various difficulties.

Paul's spirit has become a spirit of the times, and his name is recognized as a symbol of the youth league of that era. It inspires millions of young people to overcome all kinds of difficulties. During the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union, Paul's spirit inspired Soviet youth who fought at the front to fight fascism. Petrov, chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the former Soviet Union, said: "ostrovsky's novels are of special significance to the youth of millions of Ukrainian factories and collective farms. Because Ukraine has trained thousands of outstanding Kochakin-style heroes in the extremely complicated and tense fighting environment in the battle with the Central Conference Party, Petriula gangsters, French and Polish occupation forces and White Party gangsters. "

This novel written with the author's blood and tears basically reflects ostrovsky's extraordinary life experience, which is his personal experience, philosophical thinking and summary of the value and significance of life.

Main character analysis

Paul. Kochakin: He is not only a revolutionary soldier, but also an ordinary young man with flesh and blood. He is a proletarian hero. He has a stubborn personality and tenacious perseverance, and is positive and optimistic about life. And has a lofty materialistic outlook on life and moral ideals. He opposes oppression and bureaucracy, is brave and selfless, is not afraid of hardship, is loyal to his duties, and has the courage to devote himself to public interests.

Paul is an eternal strong man in the human spiritual world, and he has inspiring power. His positive and optimistic attitude towards life has inspired countless people in trouble to raise their ideal sails again; His infinite loyalty to the revolutionary ideal and indomitable fighting spirit are not found in previous literature or even proletarian literature.

Literary and artistic characteristics

How steel was tempered is the most brilliant masterpiece in Soviet socialist literature, and the main achievement of the work is to shape Paul. Kochagin is a perfect example of art. When describing this character, the author strictly follows the truth of life, and does not regard Paul's strong will and strong character as innate, but thinks that it is tempered by heroic fighting and hard struggle, hard study and strict self-discipline.

In the author's words, Paul has big and small shortcomings and mistakes. The writer described all this without whitewashing, and Paul's extreme, narrow and impatient emotions made him look simple and one-sided when dealing with tonia. Because he demanded too much of her vanity and love for clothes, he broke off their friendship decisively. I am disgusted that Tonya has to wear beautiful clothes to attend the group meeting. This is, of course, a reflection of his extremely narrow emotions, a one-sided expression of his immature views on things, and a clear expression of his class's love and hate. But both advantages and disadvantages are in line with Paul's personality characteristics. Attitude and conscious action to correct shortcomings. For example, when Paul was completely knocked down by the disease and there was no hope of returning to the team, he once felt desperate and even wanted to end his life with a pistol. But in the face of this fierce life-and-death struggle, he always regards the interests of the party and the people as the highest criterion of his actions. He ruthlessly analyzed his unhealthy thoughts and severely criticized his cowardice and timidity: "This is a false hero! Anything stupid will bring about its own destruction at any time! This is the most embarrassing and easiest way out. " By describing the fierce contradictions and sharp conflicts in the hero's heart, the writer draws the correct conclusion: "Even if life is really unbearable, you should be able to live and make life useful."

Follow the principle of realism and describe Paul's character and growth process in many ways, which is true, accurate and just right. In this way, the protagonist's personality characteristics are more distinct and prominent, and his personality is more complete, full and true. Thus, the heroic image and educational power of the characters are deepened and the artistic appeal is enhanced.

Be sure to choose me!

I really can't find some, sorry.