Lu Xun began his literary activities in 1907 and died in 1936. In the past 30 years, he left more than 7 million words of writings and translations, and more than 10 million words of diaries and letters. He has authored two collections of short stories: "The Scream" and "Wandering"; one collection of historical novels: "New Stories"; one collection of prose poems: "Weeds"; and one collection of essays focusing on memories of the past: "The Morning". "Flowers Picked Up at Dusk", the above total is 350,000 words. Lu Xun's main energy was devoted to the creation of essays, and he published 16 collections of essays, including: "Grave", "Refeng", "Huagai Collection", "Sequel to Huagai Collection", "Just Collection", "Sanxian Collection" ", "Two Heart Collection", "Nanqiangbei Diao Collection", "Pseudo Free Letter", "Quan Feng Yue Tan", "Lace Literature", "Qie Jie Ting Essays", "Qie Jie Ting Essays Collection Two", "Qie Jie Ting" The creation of essays played a very important role in his life, including nearly 700 essays, about 1.35 million words, accounting for 80% of the total creation, and lasted 18 years. . He compiled, compiled and published five collections of Chinese classical literature: "Ji Kang Collection", "Collection of Old Books from Kuaiji County", "Old Novel Notes", "Ancient Novel Gou Shen", "Collection of Legends of the Tang and Song Dynasties"; related There are two research treatises on the history of Chinese classical literature: "A Brief History of Chinese Novels" and "An Outline of the History of Chinese Literature", totaling approximately 800,000 words. Translated and introduced nine novels, novellas and fairy tales, 78 short stories and fairy tales, two plays, 8 literary and artistic treatises, and 50 short papers from more than 10 countries, totaling more than 3.1 million words. There are about 600,000 words of manuscripts that have not been included in the collection that have been discovered one after another. Lu Xun received about 500 visiting young people and personally opened and read letters from about 1,200 young people. He personally replied to more than 3,500 letters, but now only more than 1,400 letters, about 800,000 words, can be collected. There is no word count of his diary from May 5, 1912 to October 1936 (the year 1922 is lost). In addition, Lu Xun edited about 40 kinds of newspapers, magazines, and book series, wrote about 50 kinds of prefaces or postscripts for young authors, and proofread, edited, selected, and introduced 54 kinds of manuscripts for young people. After Lu Xun died of illness, "The Complete Works of Lu Xun" was published in 1938, totaling 20 volumes. After the founding of New China, the "Complete Works of Lu Xun" was published into 10 volumes of works, 10 volumes of translations, 2 volumes of diaries, and 1 volume of letters. Many of Lu Xun's works have been translated into more than 50 languages ??including English, Japanese, Russian, French, and Esperanto, making him my country's most influential writer in the world. Lu Xun is an unprecedented superstar in my country's literary world and a teacher for future generations. Regarding the naming of Lu Xun's essay collections, there are fourteen volumes of Lu Xun's essay collections that were compiled and titled by themselves. The names of these collections of essays are either metaphors, quotations, ironies, or word-splitting, which are humorous, profound, ironic, and revealing. Regarding the naming of the collection of essays, Lu Xun mostly made his own explanations when compiling the collection.
Most of the titles of Lu Xun's works are closely related to the historical background of his writing at that time, and their meanings are very profound.
"Scream": "Scream" is Lu Xun's first collection of novels, written before and after the "May 4th" movement from 1918 to 1922. Lu Xun said that he "screamed" several times in order to comfort those who The "running warriors" in the struggle made them move forward bravely. The author's purpose in writing "The Scream" is to comfort those warriors who are running in loneliness, so that they will not mourn the pioneers. At the invitation of the editorial board of "New Youth", he "shouted a few times to comfort the warrior running in loneliness, so that he would not be afraid to move forward." He also said: "Since it is a cry, of course you must listen to the general's orders."
"Wandering": "Wandering" was written during the period when the new culture camp was divided after the "May 4th" movement. It turns out that among those who participated in the New Culture Movement, "some retired, some were promoted, and some moved forward." Lu Xun was as "lonely" and "wandering" as a wandering warrior unable to form an army. "Wandering" expresses his mood of exploration on the revolutionary journey during this period. Later, in a poem titled "Wandering", he said: "The lonely new literary garden, the old and peaceful battlefield, there is only one soldier left in the two rooms, and the halberd is alone and hesitant." This is the origin of the title "Wandering".
He quoted the poem "Li Sao" on the title page of the book "Wandering": "The road is long and long, and I will search up and down."
"The Power of Moro's Poetry": In the essay "The Power of Moro's Poetry", " Moro", transliterated from Sanskrit, means "Devil", and is called "Satan" in Europe. It was originally a name given to the British bourgeois revolutionary poet Byron by some people. Later, "anyone whose intention is to resist, whose intention is to act, and who is not very happy in the world" will be recognized. The so-called "Moro" poets are also rebel poets.
"On "Fairplay" should be slowed down": "On "Fairplay" should be slowed down" in "Fairplay" is the transliteration of English fairplay, originally a sports competition or other The term used in competition means: compete openly and aboveboard, and do not use unfair means. Lin Yutang and Zhou Zuoren brought the rules of competitive competition to the political stage. The meaning here changes: Be lenient to your enemies and don’t pursue them fiercely.
"From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Bookstore": Sanwei Bookstore: It was a famous private school in Shaoxing City in the late Qing Dynasty. Lu Xun studied here when he was 12 years old, and his tutor was Mr. Shoujinghu. Sanwei Study House is a small flower hall with three long rooms. It was originally the study room of the Shou family. Mr. Shou Jingwu has been teaching here for sixty years. The flavor of "Sanwei Bookstore": The "Sanwei Bookstore" mentioned by Mr. Lu Xun in his famous prose "From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Bookstore" is located near Mr. Lu Xun's former residence in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. It is the place where Mr. Lu Xun studied in his youth. . So, why is it called "Sanwei Bookstore"? It turns out that "three flavors" are taken from the ancient saying that "reading the classics tastes like rice and beams, reading history tastes like delicacies, reading hundreds of schools of thought, tastes like fermented glutinous rice (pronounced Xihai, that is, vinegar and meat sauce)". The general idea is: reading the Four Books and Five Classics tastes like eating rice and noodles, which are the basis of food; reading historical records tastes like drinking fine wine and eating delicacies; reading books by various schools of thought tastes like soy sauce and vinegar (like the condiments in cooking) ). The horizontal plaque of "Sanwei Bookstore" was written by Liang Shanzhou, a famous calligrapher during the Qianjia period of the Qing Dynasty. At that time, there was such a woodcut couplet hanging on both sides of the plaque: "The most silent happiness is filial piety, and the flavor of soup is reading." The "three flavors" in "From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Bookstore" means: Reading classics is like eating. Staple food; reading history is like eating dishes; reading other things is like adding seasonings. Regarding "three flavors": Descendants of Mr. Shou Jingwu, Lu Xun's private school teacher (Sanwei Bookstore), said that "three flavors" refer to the warmth of cloth, the fragrance of vegetable roots, and the long taste of poetry and books. Buyi refers to the common people. "Buyi Nuan" means being willing to be a common people instead of becoming an official or a master; "caigenxiang" means being satisfied with simple meals and not longing for the enjoyment of delicacies; "poems and books have a long taste" means being serious Understand the profound content of poetry and books, and gain a profound taste.
"Grave": "Grave" is a collection of essays written between 1907 and 1925. The reason why Lu Xun wanted to publish these old articles was because "some people hated it"; at the same time, it was also a trace of a part of life. He restrained himself and "created a small new grave, one for burial and one for nostalgia."
"Hot Wind" was compiled in November 1925. Regarding the title of the collection, Lu Xun explained: "The difference between ruthless cynicism and affectionate satire is not as big as a piece of paper. I am probably 'like a fish knowing whether it is warm or cold when drinking water' for the feelings and reactions around me; but I feel that the air around me It’s too cold. I’m talking about myself, so I call it “Hot Wind.” The metaphor of "hot wind" reflects Lu Xun's passionate desire to deeply criticize society and awaken people to reform society.
"Huagai Collection" was compiled in December 1925. "The Continuation of Huayi Collection" was compiled in October 1926. Received correspondence from 1925 and 1926 respectively. In the old superstition, people's luck is called "the good or bad luck of the people". Lu Xun explained the title of the collection: "People sometimes have to have their luck with the canopy. ... For monks, it is good luck: there is a canopy on the top, which is naturally a sign of becoming a Buddha and becoming an ancestor. But this is not the case for lay people. When the canopy is on top, it is good luck. It's covered, so we have no choice but to hit a wall."
When Lu Xun lived in Beijing, he was persecuted by the Beiyang warlord government and attacked by cultural accomplices. He had a bad fate and often bumped into nails: "He was beaten rough by the gravel, his head was broken and bleeding, and he often touched his own clotted blood." However, , "I will not obey orders, but I will not kowtow." Taking "Huagai" as the title of the collection is humorous and humorous, "just to express my anger and express my feelings." In the poem "Self-mockery" written in 32 years, the sentence "What do you want when you are handed over to Huagai? I haven't dared to turn over and have already met." can be
"Wild Grass": From 1924 to 1926, he "had some small impressions and wrote some short essays, to exaggerate, they were prose poems, and later printed them into a book, called it. "Wild Grass". Since the creation of "Wild Grass", it has truly laid the foundation for modern prose poetry. "Wild Grass" is a collection of prose poems by Lu Xun, with a total of 24 works. "Wild Grass" is the most difficult of all Lu Xun's works. An understandable one. The reason why it is difficult to understand is mainly because the author uses a series of unique artistic techniques. The meaning of the title of "Weeds" is that the flowers and leaves of weeds are not beautiful, but they are very strong and strong.