Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka (михаилвановичглин) Russian composer, National Conservatory of Music. 1804 was born in Valbaskono, Smolensk, and came from a wealthy landlord family. During his general education in St. Petersburg, he studied piano from john field in 18 17, and also studied violin and harmony.
Chinese name: Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka.
mbth
Nationality: Russia
Nationality: Russia
Place of birth: Novval Bascoy, Smolensk.
Date of birth: 1804
Date of death: 1857
Occupation: composer
Graduation school: St. Petersburg aristocratic boarding school
Main achievements: the father of Russian music
Representative works: Poor Singer, Song of Georgia, Tragic Trio and Sextet in E-flat Major.
Character experience
Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka was born in a manor family in 1804, and he was interested in folk music since he was a child. He studied violin and piano from serf musicians, and was often a guest at concerts of serf bands, and participated in playing violin and flute. 18 18 ~ 1822 was taught by scholars and teachers with progressive ideas, such as the future The Decemberists party member, the poet Kucher Bequet, the jurist Kunitsyn, the historian Arseniev, the psychologist and the artist Galich. They were all famous people who opposed serfdom at that time, thus forming the personality and world outlook of young glinka. Glinka's civic awareness and freedom-loving thoughts are becoming more and more mature. Shortly after finishing his studies in St. Petersburg, communist party people failed in the uprising in 654381February +0825 +65438 February, and glinka was arraigned for his connection with the "rebels". During his study in St. Petersburg, young glinka was influenced by the artistic atmosphere there, and his musical talent was fully exerted. He often set foot in the theater, enjoying the famous operas of Mozart, Rossini and Cherubini, a professor at the French Conservatory of Music, learning violin from Bem and piano from the Irish Pianist's Field. Meyer, a German pianist and composer, is the main teacher of glinka's music theory study.
1824
Glinka works in the general office of the Transportation Committee. He was careless in this public office, but he devoted himself to music creation, creating many chamber music works, piano music and band music. His early excellent romantic works "Poor Singer" and "Song of Georgia" can best illustrate the emergence of a talented composer.
1830 ~ 1834 years
Glinka studied in Italy, Austria and Germany successively, learned about the music life in major European cities, and got to know French composer Berlioz, German composer Mendelssohn, Italian opera composer Bei Lini and romantic opera master Donizetti. Therefore, his works in this period, such as pathetique trio of chamber music, sextet in E flat major, romantic night in Venice and winner, are full of romantic passion, sincere feelings and rich life feelings, and at the same time, he has a strong interest in Italian romantic opera, which leads to the idea of creating opera. Although the melody factors in Italian operas are rich and amazing, glinka's heart is actually. /kloc-in the spring of 0/834, glinka immediately began to compose his first opera, ivan susanin. This opera fully embodies the principles of realism and people's creation established in Russian literature in 1930s19th century, and the composer follows the principle of reflecting historical themes as people's tragedies, so that the heroic and unyielding patriotic thoughts of the Russian people are fully expressed in the image of Susanin. It is worth pointing out that Su Shaning, the image of the people's hero, was created under the influence of the "superfluous thought" of the famous 12-party poet Ryliyev. More interestingly, the title of the play 1836 when it premiered in St. Petersburg Grand Theatre was "Dedicated to the Tsar". This is because the then emperor Nicholas I attached great importance to the new opera and was appointed by the king.
The success of the premiere of ivan susanin became a major event in Russian artistic life, and famous writers such as Pushkin, Nikolai Gogol, zhukovsky and Odoyevski expressed their warm congratulations. However, the popularity of glinka's music was criticized by the aristocratic audience, who thought the music of the play was "hillbilly music". Fortunately, the lyrics written by the screenwriter and court poet Rosen have no lack of traditional respect for the monarch, and finally won the official recognition.
The success of glinka's first opera opened a brand-new classic era for Russian music art, which not only won due evaluation in Russia, but also was highly praised by foreign critics. A French critic wrote: "This is not just an opera, but a national epic." Glinka's second opera Ruslan and lyudmila is a magnificent work, conceived in 1837 and premiered in 1842 at St. Petersburg Grand Theatre. During the six years of intermittent writing, he also created many high-quality music, including the waves written by Pushkin's poems "I remember that wonderful moment, where are our roses" and "Quiet night and breeze".
During this period, two major events happened, which left glinka in a dilemma both mentally and in life. The first thing was 1837. In order to reward his creation, the emperor appointed glinka as the music director of the court choir. Unexpectedly, Nicholas I's "mighty imperial grace" became a heavy burden for the composer, because this errand made glinka a slave-like position as a court official, which was intolerable; The other thing is to file divorce proceedings with ivanova, the married wife of 1835. This is a wrong marriage. Ivanova is uneducated, narrow-minded and incompatible with her husband's interest in music, which has deeply disappointed glinka, and now it is even worse. The vulgar and shameless gossiping of the upper class made it impossible for glinka to continue this unhappy marriage. Two things made glinka extremely depressed. He stayed away from his relatives and friends and buried himself in the entertainment circle. He was deeply lonely because of jealousy, lies and some trivial misfortunes. After two years of seclusion, glinka studied in France and Spain successively, recorded Spanish melodies played by folk singers and guitarists, and observed Spanish folk music, which left a deep impression on him, thus creating two famous symphonic overtures, Alahota and Remembering a Summer Night in Madrid (now abbreviated as Madrid Night). The four-year trip to Europe finally made Russian music masters famous in Europe. After returning to China, 65438-0847 lived in his hometown for a period of time, and lived in Warsaw, Poland in March of the following year. Glinka completed the memory of Castilla. It is worth pointing out that at this time, he created the famous Fantasia of Kamalinskaya, thus realizing the composer's long-cherished wish of symphonizing Russian folk songs.
old age
The 1950s of 65438+2009 coincided with the mature and prosperous period of Russian literary realism, the development period of artistic democratization and the eve of serfdom reform. These social factors had a great influence on his creative thoughts, prompting him to create a symphony with Ukrainian folk customs and the theme of praising people's heroes. For example, in the early 1950s, the theme symphony "Dallas Briba" was conceived according to Nikolai Gogol's novella, 1858. Regrettably, these two great projects in the pipeline have not yet been realized. However, his creative ideas were inherited and carried forward by many composers who contributed to the development of Russian national music in the 1960s. In the spring before glinka's death, in order to study the ancient polyphonic music he was deeply interested in and establish a counterpoint method with Russian characteristics, he went all the way to Berlin regardless of his frail health and carefully studied the works of Italian polyphonic master Palestrina, British German composer Handel and great German composer Bach. Regrettably, however, he died in Berlin in February of the following year.
Glinka is not only a Russian music giant, but also an immortal music master in the world. He has such an honor because he loves the people, deeply understands their nature and regards respecting their nature as his creative principle. Glinka believes that human nature is what Pushkin said, which reflects people's personality, world outlook, way of thinking and their emotions. He himself once said, "Let me be with the people all the time, and I will share joys and sorrows with them." He added: "People create music, but we artists just adapt it." Glinka's thoughts are embodied in the heroic images of Susanen and ruslan, the protagonists of the two operas. His three most famous fantasia "Aragon Hotan", "Night in Madrid" and "Kamalinskaya" are the embodiment of his last sentence, which can be said to be the representative works written by the composer to describe folk customs and reflect thoughts and feelings under the inspiration of folk songs.
Glinka's creations are extremely rich, including almost all major music genres: opera, drama music, symphony, piano music, romanticism and chamber music. His greatest contribution was the creation of Russian classical operas, which played a great role in the development of Russian symphonies. He first composed symphonies in the form of opera, completely abandoning the principle of "mixing" in opera. This bold innovation can be said to be a challenge to all Russian operas at that time. In a word, glinka's creation greatly promoted the development of Russian national music culture and deeply influenced the later music giants. It can even be said that the music schools of various nationalities in the 20th century in the Soviet Union grew up under the influence of glinka's realistic creation principles.
Personality assessment
Glinka was the first composer who integrated Russian national music culture and western music culture to an advanced level, and was known as "the father of Russian classical music". His music is famous for its combination of patriotic content and simple national form, which has opened up a new path for Russian music creation in important fields such as opera, orchestral music and songs. His operas have laid two routes for the development of Russian operas: one is the historical theme of patriotism and heroism, represented by Sacrifice for the Tsar; The other is the theme of myths and legends, represented by ruslan and lyudmila. In the field of instrumental music creation, it also created the road of orchestral music with title and folk song variation. His works are fresh in style and full of life. Moreover, his artistic songs are based on urban minor, which makes them have a strong Russian style. In addition, he also absorbed exotic and multi-ethnic music languages, enriched Russian music forms and had a great influence on later Russian composers.
Glinka is the real founder of Russian folk music, and he is honored as "the father of Russian music". He created a broad prospect for the development of Russian national music and played a decisive role in the development of Russian national music. After him, a large number of mature and highly skilled national music masters appeared in Russia.
Evaluation of works
Glinka's two operas "ivan susanin" and "Ruslan and lyudmila" are not only treasures in the treasure house of Russian operas, but also masterpieces in the history of world operas. Representative works include orchestral overture "Night in Madrid" and so on.
In addition, he also composed orchestral music, chamber music, piano music and songs. "Let me always be with the people. I want to share joys and sorrows with the people. " Glinka's famous saying not only illustrates his close relationship with the Russian people, but also can be used to summarize his music creation.
Main work
Glinka's Overture to ivan susanin
The opera ivan susanin was written in 1836. Plot Description/KLOC-In the 7th century, the Russian nation rose up against the Polish invaders and besieged the Polish army in Moscow. Just when victory was in sight, another Polish army suddenly appeared in the village of farmer Su Shaning, threatening Su Shaning to lead them to take a shortcut to Moscow to clear the way. Susanen led the enemy into the barren forest and died with the desperate Poles. The overture of "ivan susanin" generally reflects the central content of opera, and all the themes in the song are based on opera music. Written in sonata form. The music begins with a solemn and loud introduction, symbolizing the image of the Russian motherland, and then the oboe plays a sad melody, telling the suffering of the Russian people. After the introduction, the quick first theme describes the fear and anxiety of the Russian people in the war, and suddenly breaks into exclamations, representing the image of the Polish aggressor with the rhythm of Polish Mazurka dance. Then the music entered the clear and quiet second theme, which seems to be Su Shaning's yearning and memory for a happy life. Music is more compact after entering the development department. Using polyphonic composition techniques, this paper reveals tense contradictions and conflicts and shows Su Shaning's righteous scene before his death. After that, we entered the victory and the final triumphant cheers, and the whole song ended in magnificent music.
Kamalinskaya of glinka (Fantasia)
Introduction: Kamalinskaya (Fantasia) is the most famous orchestral music in glinka, composed in 1848. It is written on the theme of Russian folk song "From the Back of the Mountain, From the Back of the Mountain" and dance music "Kamalinskaya". Music begins after a brief introduction, the first theme is played by stringed instruments, and then the theme changes three times. With the chorus entering, the melodies are interwoven, depicting a vivid picture of a Russian rural wedding. After a brief connection sentence, the second theme entered quickly, actively and enthusiastically, as if to announce that the wedding ceremony had been completed and the wedding reception had officially begun. The second theme makes the atmosphere more and more noisy, humorous and warm by using decorative variations, cavity lining, tone extension and orchestration. When the mood reached its climax, the whole band suddenly quieted down, and there were only fragments of dance music in the distance twice. The whole song ended with a sudden blow from the band.
Glinka's rossland and lyudmila (overture)
Introduction: The opera ruslan and lyudmila was written in 1842. A fairy tale selected from the narrative poem style, the plot describes an ancient legend. At the wedding reception of samurai ruslan and Princess lyudmila of Kiev, Bud predicted that the newlyweds would be in trouble, but their faithful love would turn the tables on disaster. Sure enough, after the wedding banquet, the bride lyudmila was kidnapped by the magician Chernomore in the lightning. The Grand Duke of Kiev asked the soldiers to get the princess back and promised to betroth his daughter to the person who found her. On the journey to find the princess, ruslan got the help of a wise old man, found out the whereabouts of lyudmila, and got a unique sword. He escaped the witch's calculation and came back to life once. Finally, he broke the wizard's magic with his sword, saved the princess and married her happily. The overture of Ruslan and lyudmila is based on the theme of comparison in opera, and the whole song is full of bright colors, joy, festive atmosphere and fearless spirit. The London Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Pravin, with its clear and smooth lines and wonderful interpretation, made the audience understand the true meaning of the composer in the exultation, fear, struggle and exultation of glinka. The overture of this opera is particularly excellent, so it is still a frequent repertoire in concerts and has been adapted into various forms of light music. The overture successfully shows the theme of the opera, and expresses the scene that people celebrate the victory after justice defeats evil. This overture occupies a very important position in the history of Russian orchestral development with its light and gorgeous melody and superb playing skills.
Overture in d major, 2/2 beats, sonata form. The introduction of the overture is a description of ruslan's indestructible power, cheerful and full of vitality. Then it entered the presentation department, and the music was quickly pushed to the light and clear fast melody played by the string part. With its bold and unrestrained momentum, it successfully outlined the heroic image of ruslan, a soldier who jumped to the top and fought bravely. The theme of the sub-part is changed to F major, and the music comes from ruslan's aria in the opera, which is full of strong Russian character. The development department of overture enters the reproduction department after the strong performance, plucking and exciting of the whole band. The reproduction part returned to D major, which reproduced the two themes of the presentation part, but it was more magnificent than the original momentum, and even a downward diatonic scale appeared. Finally, the powerful chord leads to a warm and powerful scene, and the whole song ends in an atmosphere of celebrating victory.
Other works
Opera: Sacrifice for the Tsar (ivan susanin), ruslan and lyudmila.
Orchestral music: Aragon Hota, Kamalinskaya, Night in Madrid, Fantasy Waltz.
Chamber music: string quartet, piano and string sextet.